高考提能練（三十）選修6Unit5ThepowerofnatureI.閱讀理解A（2020-長(zhǎng)沙市四校高三模擬）Reducing,reusing,andrecyclingisawayoflifeinSweden.Recyclingisrequiredbylawandgarbageissortedathomebeforeitgoestoarecyclingcenter.Recyclablesaresortedintosevencategoriesandrecyclingstationsarewithinjust3OOmetersofallresidentialareas.uRecyclingalmosteverythingisamustinSwedennow.Itactuallyfeelsveryuncomfortablewhenyouvisitanothercountryandcan'tfindeasywaystorecycle,saidOwenGaffney,anexpertatStockholmResilienceCentreandFutureEarth.Butnotallofitsgarbageisrecycled.Swedenusesaltemativesthatincludeincineratinggarbagetomakeelectricityinsteadofusingfossilfuels（化石燃料）toheatplants.Swedenisimportinggarbagefromothercountriestokeeptheseplantsrunning.Swedenisalsoaworldleaderinturningfoodwasteintoecofriendlybiogas.Ithasmadefdodwastecollectioncompulsorybeginningin2021.Thereisafoodwastebiogasplant,whichallowsbiogastobeusedtorunpublicbusesandtoheatapartmentbuildings.Swedennowwantstodealwiththoseremainingitemsthatcannotberecycledbyusingacircular（循環(huán)論證的）economyapproach.Itmeansthatproductscanbereusedandonlyrecycledwhenabsolutelynecessary.TheSwedishgovernmentformedanadvisorygrouptofindawayofmakingthispartofitsenvironmentalpolicy.Thiswillnotworkeffectivelyunlesspeoplearetaughttochangetheirbehavior.Nowthegovernmentisreformingitstaxcodesothatpeoplecouldgetcheaperrepairsorbuyusedthings.ThelargeSwedishclothingretailer（零售商）H&Moperatesarecyclingprogramthatgivescustomersdiscountswhentheybringbackoldclothing.Swedenisfightingclimatechangebydoingalltherightstuff.Wasterecyclingandtheplanstoswitchtoacirculareconomywillgoalongwayinreducingitscarbonfootprintandwillhelpstopglobalwarming.語(yǔ)篇解讀在瑞典，減少、再利用和回收是一種生活方式。瑞典政府鼓勵(lì)人們回收和使用二手商品，廢品先分類，再回收。WhatdoweknowaboutSweden?A?Swedenimportshouseholdgarbageforbiogas.B.ItisconvenienttorecyclethingsinSweden.C?HalfofgarbageinSwedenisusedtoproduceheat.D.EverythingisrecycledafterbeingusedinSweden.B［考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Recyclablesaresortedintosevencategoriesandrecyclingstationsarewithinjust300metersofallresidentialareas”可知，在瑞典回收物品是很方便的。］Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph2mean?A.Burning.B.Treating.C.Throwing.D.Reusing.A［考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段的第二句可知，瑞典通過(guò)焚燒化石燃料的替代品一一垃圾來(lái)發(fā)電，為120萬(wàn)個(gè)家庭供熱。畫線詞incinerating的意思是“焚燒”，與"Swedennowwants...approach”和burning同義。］Whatdoestheadvisorygroupdo?A?Teachpeoplehowtosavefossilfuels.Conductasurveyaboutthelocaleconomy.C?Offeradviceonenvironmentalpolicy.D.Makesurethecitizensrecyclewisely.C［考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Swedennowwants…approach"和"TheSwedishgovernmentformedanadvisorygrouptofindawayofmakingthispartofitsenvironmentalpolicy”可知，瑞典政府成立了一個(gè)咨詢小組，目的是找到一個(gè)方法使通過(guò)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)法處理不能被回收利用的產(chǎn)品的做法成為政府環(huán)境政策的一部分，即咨詢小組的職責(zé)就是為環(huán)境政策提供建議。］Howdoesthegovernmentencourageitscitizenstoreuse?Itprovidesvariousrecyclingprograms.Itcutsdowntaxesonnewproducts.C?Itgivesdiscountstoregularbuyers.D?Itofferslowerpricesforrepairs.D［考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Nowthegovernmentisreformingitstaxcodesothatpeoplecouldgetcheaperrepairsorbuyusedthings”可知，政府正在改革其免稅代碼，以便使維修更便宜，并鼓勵(lì)人們購(gòu)買二手商品。］B（2020?東北三校高三第一次聯(lián)合模擬）Maybeyoutakevitaminsregularlysupportingbrainpower,orstockuponthesefoodsthatboostbrainhealth.ButnewguidelinesfromtheAmericanAcademyofNeurology（AAN）suggestthere,ssomethingbetteryoucandotokeepyourmindsharp.Aquarterofadultsaged80to84experiencemildcognitive（認(rèn)知的impairment,accordingtoAAN.Toaddressthewidespreadproblem,agroupofneurologistsandAlzheimeiJs（阿爾茨海默?。﹕pecialistswentthroughexistingstudiestodefinethebestwaystopreventandtreatcognitivedecline一andyoumightbesurprisedbywhattheyincludedandwhattheydidn,t.Surprisingly,theAANguidelinesdon,tincludeanymedication（藥物）ordietaryrecommendations.Theauthorsstressthattherehaven'tbeenanyhighquality,longtermstudiesfindingfoodsormedicationcanhelpcognitivedecline.Theguidelinesalsosaydoctorscanconsidersuggestingcognitivetrainingtopatientswithmemorylossbutnotrelyonit.Atthepresenttime,thereport'sauthorssaytheevidenceistooinconclusivetosayforsureifbrainexercises,likememoryandattentiontrainingorproblemsolvingforeverydayissuesassociatedwithmemoryloss,arebeneficiaLStill,thesemorningbrainexercisescan^doanyharm.Buttherewasonebigdiscoveryfromthenewguidelines：Exercisingjusttwiceaweekcouldimprovecognitivedecline.Onestudyshowedadultswithmildcognitiveimpairmentwhodidresistancetrainingtwiceaweekscoredbetteronexecutivefunctionandassociativememoryteststhanagroupthatworkedonbalancing,stretching,andrelaxing.What'smore,anotherstudyhadolderadultsattendeitherbiweeklyhealthclassesorsessionsofaerobics,strengthtraining,balanceexercises,andmultitaskingtraining.Sixmonthslater,theoneswhoyexercisedregularlyscoredbetteroncognitivehealthandmemorytests,andhadlessbrainshrinkage.AANnowrecommendsdoctorstellpatientswithmemorylosstoexercisetwiceaweektokeeptheirmindssharp.Thisisthebesttimetoexerciseifyouwanttoimproveyourmemory.Itlookslikeyou\egotjustonemorereasontocleartimeinyourscheduleforaworkout-evenifit'sonlyontheweekends.語(yǔ)篇解讀研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每周進(jìn)行兩次鍛煉會(huì)讓大腦保持敏銳,能夠改善老年人的認(rèn)知障礙。Whatdoestheunderlinedworduimpairment,,inparagraph2referto?A?Enor.B.Decline.C.Development.D.Presence.B［考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的uToaddressthewidespreadproblem,agroupofneurologistsandAlzheimefsC阿爾茨海默病）specialistswentthroughexistingstudiestodefinethebestwaystopreventandtreatcognitivedeclinen可知，為了解決這個(gè)普遍性的問(wèn)題，一群神經(jīng)病學(xué)家和阿爾茨海默病專家仔細(xì)琢磨現(xiàn)有的研究來(lái)明確預(yù)防和治療認(rèn)知衰退的最佳方法，由此可推知，畫線詞應(yīng)與decline詞義相近，故選B。］ANNmaybeuncertainabout.A.strengthtrainingB?resistancetrainingC?exercisingtwiceaweekD.morningbrainexercisesD［考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句可知，報(bào)告的作者說(shuō)目前還沒(méi)有確鑿的證據(jù)來(lái)確定大腦鍛煉是否有益。故D項(xiàng)符合題意。］7.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?A?DailyexercisesarebeneficialtoAlzheimefs.B?TheAANguidelinesattachimportancetoworkouts.MedicationisofsignificanceintheANNguidelines.Stockinguponvitaminssupportingbrainpowermeansnothing.B［考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的uButtherewasonebigdiscoveryfromthenewguidelines：Exercisingjusttwiceaweekcouldimprovecognitivedecline”以及第六段第一句可知,AAN認(rèn)為每周鍛煉兩次可以改善認(rèn)知衰退并建議醫(yī)生讓喪失記憶的病人每周鍛煉兩次以保持大腦的敏銳。據(jù)此可知，AAN重視鍛煉，故B項(xiàng)正確。］8.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?Exercise.B.Entertainment.C.Science.D.Health.D［考查文章出處。通讀全文可知，文章第一段第二句為全文的主旨句，并結(jié)合文章其他內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)——每周進(jìn)行兩次鍛煉會(huì)讓大腦保持敏銳，能夠改善老年人的認(rèn)知障礙；據(jù)此可推知，本文的主題為健康，故D項(xiàng)正確。]H.七選五（2020?成都市畢業(yè)班第二次診斷檢測(cè)）Inanysurveyofselfmademillionaires，you'relikelytonoticethekeytotheirsuccessisthattheyneverstoplearning.Sohowdoesonebuildalifelonglearningmindset?]Seekoutinformationthatmaybecontrarytowhatyoubelieve.Expandyourhorizons.Challengeyourselftofindabetterway.Youwillfindawayaroundbarriers!Turnmistakesintoopportunities.Thepracticeoflearningfrommistakesisoneofthebestlifelonglearningskillsanyonecanmaster.2Theyshowusbetterwaystothinkandwork.Theyalsoprovideinsightsintohiddenknowledgeandawareness.Adoptagrowthmindset.Amindsetthatisinlinewithhowourbrainsreallyworkreallyhelps.Individualswithafixedmindsetbelievetheirintelligenceandtalentsarefixed.3Peoplewithagrowthmindsetbelievetheycanimprovethemselvesthroughpractice.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zEstablishgoals.Whatdoyouwanttoleam?Whendoyouwanttolearnit?Everyyear,setgoalsforyourselfonskillsandknowledgeyouwanttoacquire.4Besides,lalwayshavethedailygoaloflearningsomethingnewwhetherthroughreadingorbytalkingtootherpeopleAvoidstress.Asstressincreases,Therearemanyothertipsforsuccessfullycreatingalearningplan,butthosedon'thaveafightingchanceifyourmindsetispassive.A.Trynewthings.Challengeconventionalthinking.C?Thismeanshavingtheendclearlyinmind.D?Thereismuchtolearnfrommistakes.lusuallysetthreebiglearninggoalseachyear.Theydon'tthinktheycanimprovewithefforts.G?Inthisway,successwillhappenmuchmorenaturally.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了建立終身學(xué)習(xí)的思維模式的方法：挑戰(zhàn)常規(guī)思維、從失誤中學(xué)習(xí)、有成長(zhǎng)型思維模式、設(shè)定目標(biāo)以及避免壓力。B［空處為該段的主題句，根據(jù)該段中的“Seekoutinformationthatmaybecontrarytowhatyoubelieve”以及"Challengeyourselftofindabetterway”可知,本段講的是要挑選出與你相信的事物可能相反的信息，并要求自己去尋求更好的解決方式。］D［根據(jù)本段第一句可知，本段的主題是將失誤變?yōu)闄C(jī)會(huì)；根據(jù)該空前的句子可知，從失誤中學(xué)習(xí)是最好的終身學(xué)習(xí)技能之一，該空后的句子又進(jìn)一步表明了失誤的作用，由此可知該空需要表明從失誤中學(xué)習(xí)哪些東西或者怎樣從失誤中學(xué)習(xí)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)其承上啟下的作用。］F［根據(jù)該空前的句子可知，有固定的思維模式的人認(rèn)為人的智力與才能是固定不變的；而該空后的句子則通過(guò)對(duì)比，指出了具有成長(zhǎng)型思維的人的看法，即他們認(rèn)為能通過(guò)實(shí)踐提