語法填空考點知識梳理題型解讀一篇200字左右的短文中留出10個空白，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文情境，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容或所提供單詞的正確形式。語法填空題考查學(xué)生在篇章層面上理解并應(yīng)用語法知識的能力。該題型要求學(xué)生必須具備較好的語法分析能力，而不只是語法辨析能力，其著重點是學(xué)生的語法基礎(chǔ)知識和應(yīng)用能力。學(xué)生必須既考慮句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性，又顧及上下文的連貫。命題特點考查內(nèi)容：有給提示詞和不給提示詞兩種形式。給出提示詞的考查點包括：詞形的轉(zhuǎn)換，如名詞與動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換、形容詞與副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換、名詞與形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換、動詞與形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換；形容詞或副詞比較級與最高級的變化；名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化；動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)以及詞形的變化。不給出提示詞的考查點包括：根據(jù)上下文的語境填入冠詞、代詞、連詞、介詞、副詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、特殊疑問詞、關(guān)系詞等。特點：給出提示詞的空較多(4~7個)；考查詞形變化的空偏多，并且未給出提示詞的空有填實詞的情況；每空所填不超過3個單詞。文章的首句和末句一般不留空格，至少第一句話是完整的，這樣學(xué)生可以大體了解文章內(nèi)容，把握作者的寫作風(fēng)格。文章中的人名、地名等專有名詞，以及日期、數(shù)字等是不作為考點的，因為這類信息如果只在文章中出現(xiàn)一次，學(xué)生是無法根據(jù)語言線索或其他線索填出的。語法填空不以學(xué)生常犯的語法錯誤作為干擾項，因為該題型主要測試學(xué)生的語篇應(yīng)用能力，而將“偏”“難”“怪”的語法現(xiàn)象編成干擾項與文章理解沒有直接關(guān)系，偏離了測試目標(biāo)?！菊Z法特點】實詞以考查動詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞為主，其中動詞又是重中之重；虛詞以考查介詞、冠詞、連詞為主。而句法方面主要考查復(fù)合句的引導(dǎo)詞，如定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句。練習(xí)9Mypolicyusuallyiskindness,kindness,kindness.Youdon'thavetotellsomeonesomethingasnegativeas"Idon'tthinkour1(personal)meshwell,"becausethetruthis2you'veprobablynotspentenoughtimewiththispersontofigurethatout.SoIwillsaythatifyoutrulydonothavetimetohang3withthisperson,donotleadthemon.Don'tshowuphalfofthetimeandkeepthemwaitingtheotherhalfofthetime.But,truly,I4(challenge)thisletterwritertogoalittlebeyondthat:Ifyouthinkthattrulythispersonhasapersonalityyoudon'tlike,thenforgetaboutit.Butifthey'reakindofpersonyou'renot5(use)tobeingfriendswith,youmightaskyourselfwhythatisand6youcandoaboutthat.Havingdifferentkindsoffriendsand7(general)beingabletogetalongwithdifferentkindsofpeopleis8importantlifeskill.Itdoesn'thavetomeanthatyouhaveadeep,intense9(friend)witheveryone.10Iwouldpushyoutoaskyourselfwhyyouthinkthispersonwouldnotbeagoodfriend.練習(xí)10Ilovethisquestion1apersonwhodoesn'thavekidsandlovesmany,manyfriendswhodo.Ithinkthefirstpieceofadviceis,setanintention.Say,"Iwanttostayfriendseventhoughyou'reaparentnowandI'mnot."AndIthinkthisgoesbothways.Ithinkpeople2havekidsshouldsay,"Hey,let'sstayfriends."Sometimeswewanttoassumethattheotherpersonwon'tbeinterestedinourlivesnowthatthere'sthisgapinexperience,buthonestly,I'minterestedinmyfriend.That'snotgonnachangebecausetheyhavethisnew,important3(relation)that'sintheirlives.Thesecondpartistostay4(genuine)curiousaboutwhatthatshiftmeans.MyeyesglazeoverwhenIreadanarticleabout5(parent),butwhenIhearaboutmyfriend'spersonalexperience,apersonIcareabout,I'mlike,"Yeah,tellmemore.Let'stalkaboutit."AndIexpectthesamethingfromtheminreturn.Andfinally,askforwhatyouneedfromeachother.Ifyou'reneedingamore6(structure)timetohangoutoran7(early)orlaterwayofcheckingin,oranewhobby,ormaybeitneeds8(feel)likealong-distancefriendshipforawhile,askforwhatyouneedrather9justdoingaHomerSimpsonfadeinto10bushes.練習(xí)11First,Iwanttosaythatit'sreallyhard1(make)andkeepfriendseveniftheyarepeopleyou2(know)fordecades.It'sstillreallyhard.Andsosomethingembeddedinthisquestiontellsme3youthinkitshouldbeeasyorthatit'seasyforotherpeople,andIjustwanttostartwiththat.Itishard,andit4(take)workforeveryone.Your"What'swrongwithme?"questionissotelling.Nothingiswrongwithyou.Whenpeopledonothavetimetogetbacktoyouoryoufeelthatthey'rebeingterseorshort,thequestionreallyis,"What'supwiththem?"Andalotoftimesitjustmeansthatthey're5(incredible)busyanditusuallydoesn'thaveanythingtodo6youatall.Ithinkabetterquestiontogobacktoyourfriendswithis,"Hey,canwemakesome7(meaning)timetocatch8?"Or"Canyoutellmeaboutwhat'skeepingyoubusythesedays?"Ithinkpeopleunderestimatehowmuchimpactadirectquestioncanhave.Theyareprobably9(struggle)andgoingthroughthesametoughstuffthatyouareand10(love)forsomeonetohearthemout.練習(xí)12"Ourgoalshouldnotbetominimizeregret.Itshouldbetooptimizeit,"Pinkwrites.Soinaddition1the"inward,outward,forward"system,healsoofferssomefun,2(practice)waystoworkregretsintolivingmorefully.Forexample,weallhaveresumesfullofour3(accomplish).Whataboutafailureresume?Thisis4ideahecreditstoTinaSeeling.It'sawaytometabolizeourpastmisstepsby5(put)theminwriting.OrcombiningourannualNewYear'sResolutionswithlastyear'sregrets,sothatthefeelingofregretcanbeusedforthinkingand6(reflect),andthatreflectioncanthenpoweraction.Becausearelentlessdriveforward,arelentlesspostureof7(happy),doesnotmakeforafulllife."Americans8(sell)abillofgoodsthatweshouldbepositiveallthetime,thatweshouldalwayslookforward,"Pinksays."There'sareasonweexperiencenegativeemotions.They'reusefulifwetreatthemright.Regret,youdon'twanttowallowinit.Youdon'twanttoruminateoverit.Butifyouthinkofit9asignal,asinformation,asaknockatthedoor,itisapowerfullytransformativeemotion."Lookingbackwardcanpointustoa10(full),moremeaningfullife.答案練習(xí)91.personalities 2.that 3.out 4.wouldchallenge 5.used6.what 7.generally 8.an 9.friendship. 10.But練習(xí)101.as 2.who 3.relationship 4.genuinely 5.parenting6.structured 7.earlier 8.to