.初中英語(yǔ)中考復(fù)習(xí)資料大全一名詞(一)

知識(shí)概要名詞的概念在不同的語(yǔ)法教課書(shū)中有不同的解釋和分類方法，但就實(shí)際應(yīng)用來(lái)講還是不要過(guò)分地追求其理論概念，而更多的要把注意力放在其應(yīng)用上來(lái)。我們不妨把它分為兩大類：專有名詞與普通名詞。顧名思義，專有名詞是指：個(gè)人、事物、機(jī)關(guān)等所專有的名稱，如，the

Great

Wall，

America…它們是不能隨意變動(dòng)的。而普通名詞中則包括個(gè)體名詞，如

pen,

worker…它表示單一的個(gè)體人或事物；集體名詞，如：family,class，

team,它表示的是由若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體；物質(zhì)名詞，如：water,paper…它表示的是一種物質(zhì)，原材料；而后一種是抽象名詞，如:work,

time…它表示著一種在實(shí)際生活中看不見(jiàn)、摸不到，但卻與實(shí)際生活緊密相關(guān)的某些動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)的抽象概念。見(jiàn)下表。名詞一覽表種類專有名詞London,John,theCommunistPartyof

China普通名詞類名詞

nurse,boy,worker,pencil,dog,table集體名詞

class,

family,army,

police,

team,

people物質(zhì)名詞

water,

steel,

glass,

cotton,

wood,

sand抽象名詞

happiness,

love,

work,life,

courage,

honest功用主語(yǔ)MyfamilyisnowinNew

York.表語(yǔ)Hisfatherisa

scientist.賓語(yǔ)Weloveourgreat

motherland.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

He

made

London

the

basefor

his

work.定語(yǔ)Thegirlsaremakingpaper

flowesrs.狀語(yǔ)Thecarcosthim1000

dollars.同位語(yǔ)

Mr

Brown,

afamous

scientist,

willcome

here.名詞在使用中的難點(diǎn)在于名詞的數(shù)，即可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的實(shí)word1.際應(yīng)用。不可數(shù)名詞不能用數(shù)字計(jì)算，所以它通常只有單數(shù)形式。它

包

含

有

專

有

名

詞

、

物

質(zhì)

名

詞

、

抽

象

名

詞

等

，

如

：English,air,water,cotton,work…可數(shù)名詞是可以用數(shù)量加以計(jì)算的名詞，所以它具有單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式兩種。可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律是：一般情況加

s,如：pen—pens,

doctor—doctors,boy—boys,其讀音規(guī)則是在清輔音后讀［s］，在元音和濁輔音后讀［z］。如:map—map，

boy—boys.在以s,sh,ch,x

結(jié)尾的名詞后面加es，如：bus—buses,class—classes,其讀音為［iz］。以

ce,se,ze,(d)ge結(jié)尾的名詞加

s，其讀音為［iz］。以輔音字母加

y

結(jié)尾的名詞，要將

y

變?yōu)閕

再加es，讀作［z］，如：factory—factories,country—countries,

family—families.但要注意的是以元音字母加

y

結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加

s，如:boy—boys,day—days。以

o

結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般要加

es，但如果

o

前面是元音字母或外來(lái)詞，

縮寫(xiě)詞以

o

結(jié)尾的則只加

s

，如：

tomato

—tomatoes,hero—heroes;photo—photos,radio—radios,piano—pianos以

f

或

fe

結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要將

f

或

fe

變?yōu)?/p>

v

再加

es，如：knife—knives,

leaf—leaves,

但有些例外的詞如

roof

的復(fù)數(shù)形式是roofs。不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是要單個(gè)記憶的，它沒(méi)有規(guī)律可循，如:man—men,woman—women,child—children,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,

mouse—mice單復(fù)同形的名詞有：fish,

sheep,deer…單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有:people,police

等。

名詞還有格的變化，其主格可作主語(yǔ)，賓格可作賓語(yǔ)。還有所有格，用來(lái)表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加's

其復(fù)數(shù)形式是

s'，如其結(jié)尾不是

s

的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加's，如：a

student's

room,

students'

rooms,

Children's

Day.在表示時(shí)間、距word2［正］Thisis

Mary's

dictionary.word3.離、世界、國(guó)家……名詞的所有格要用's，如：a

twenty

minutes'

walk.但無(wú)生命名詞的所有格則必須用

of

結(jié)構(gòu)，如：the

capital

of

ourcountry,thecolourofthe

flowers(二)

正誤辨析［誤］Pleasegiveme

apaper.［正］Pleasegiveme

apiece

of

paper.［析］不要認(rèn)為可以數(shù)的名詞就是可數(shù)名詞，這種原因是對(duì)英語(yǔ)中可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的概念與中文中的能數(shù)與不能數(shù)相混淆了，所以造成了這樣的錯(cuò)誤，因

paper

在英語(yǔ)中是屬于物質(zhì)名詞一類，是不可數(shù)名詞。而不可數(shù)名詞要表達(dá)數(shù)量時(shí)，要用與之相關(guān)的量詞來(lái)表達(dá)，如：two

pieces

of

paper.［誤］Pleasegive

me

twoletter

papers.［正］Pleasegiveme

two

pieces

of

letter

paper.［析］paper

作為紙講是不可數(shù)名詞，而作為報(bào)紙、考卷、文章講時(shí)則是可數(shù)名詞，如：Each

student

should

write

a

paper

on

what

hehas

learnt.［誤］My

glasses

is

broken.［正］My

glasses

are

broken.［誤］I

want

to

buy

two

shoes.［正］I

want

to

buy

two

pairs

ofshoes.［析］英語(yǔ)中

glasses—眼鏡，shoes—鞋，trousers—褲子等由兩部分組成的名詞一般要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果要表示一副眼鏡應(yīng)用a

pair

ofglasses

而這時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與量詞相一致。如：Thispair

of

glassesisvery

good.［誤］May

I

borrow

tworadioes?［正］May

I

borrow

tworadios?［析］以

o

結(jié)尾的名詞大都是用加

es

來(lái)表示其復(fù)數(shù)形式，但如果

o前面是一個(gè)元音字母或外來(lái)語(yǔ)時(shí)則只加s

就可以了。這樣的詞有

zoo—zoos,piano—pianos.［誤］This

is

aMary's

dictionary.［正］Please

give

me

two

glasses

of

water.word4.［析］如名詞前有指示代詞this,

that,

thesethose,及其他修飾詞our,some,every,

which,

或所有格時(shí)，則不要再加冠詞。［誤］There

are

much

people

in

the

garden.［正］There

aremany

peoplein

the

garden.［析］可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)用

many,

few,

a

few,

a

lot

of

來(lái)修飾，而

people是可數(shù)名詞，而且是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：The

people

are

planting

treeshere.［誤］I

want

afew

water.［正］I

want

alittle

water.［析］不可數(shù)名詞前可以用

a

little,

little,

a

lot

of,

some

來(lái)修飾，但不可用

many,few來(lái)修飾。［誤］Thankyouvery

much.

Your

family

is

verykind

to

me.［正］Thankyou

verymuch.

Your

family

are

very

kind

tome.［誤］Tom's

and

Mary's

familyarewaitingfor

us.［正］Tom's

and

Mary's

families

are

waiting

forus.［誤］I'm

sorry.

I

haveto

go.

Tom's

families

are

waitingfor

me.［正］I'm

sorry.

I

haveto

go.

Tom's

familyare

waiting

for

me.［析］集合名詞如果指某個(gè)集合的整體，則應(yīng)視為單數(shù)，如指某個(gè)集合體中的個(gè)體則應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)。如:My

family

is

a

big

family.

When

Icame

in,

Tom's

family

were

watching

TV.

即湯姆一家人正在看電視。這樣的集合名詞有：family

class,

team等。［誤］Don't

eat

too

much

meats.［正］Don't

eat

too

muchmeat.［誤］Food

in

that

restaurant

is

verygood.［正］Thefood

in

that

restaurant

is

very

good.［析］物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，在使用中不可以加

s，即它沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。也不可加不定冠詞。但如果用于特指某一物質(zhì)時(shí)可以加定冠詞。如：I

don't

like

drinking

coffee,

butthe

coffee

in

that

cup

is

reallygood.［誤］Pleasegiveme

twowaters..［正］Pleasegiveme

two

coffees.［析］物質(zhì)名詞如要加計(jì)量時(shí)，一定要加量詞， 如：twocups

oftea,twoglassesofwater,aglassofmilk,aloafof

bread,apieceofbread,aboxof

sugar,abowlofrice,abottleoforange,abagof

earth例：I'lltellyouapieceofgoodnews.但只有

coffee

可以用

coffees來(lái)取代

manycups

ofcoffee.［誤］Can

you

give

me

the

newspaper

oftoday?［正］Can

you

give

me

today's

newspaper?［析］加's

構(gòu)成所有格的名詞一般應(yīng)指有生命的人或物。如：Mary'shair，但在英文的習(xí)慣用法中對(duì)時(shí)間、距離等名詞的所有格多用's來(lái)構(gòu)成而不用

of

結(jié)構(gòu)。如：a

fiveminutes'walk.［誤］Please

make

aroom

for

thelady

in

the

schoolbus.［正］Pleasemake

room

for

theladyin

the

schoolbus.［析］英語(yǔ)中更多的名詞是含有多種用法和多種含意的，如：

room

為可數(shù)名詞時(shí)為“房間”，如：I

live

in

Room

5.而

room

為抽象名詞時(shí)為空間上面一句話應(yīng)譯為“請(qǐng)給老婦人在校車(chē)上留個(gè)地方?！边@樣的詞還有：glass

玻璃

glasses

眼鏡

stone

石頭a

stone

一塊石頭

time

時(shí)間

two

times

兩次

wood

木頭

woods

樹(shù)林［誤］Thereis

aflowers

garden

behind

my

house.［正］There

is

aflower

garden

behind

my

house.［析］名詞除了在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)外，還可以用來(lái)修飾另一個(gè)名詞，這時(shí)作修飾詞的名詞一般要用單數(shù)形式，如：shoe

factory(

鞋廠),post

office(

郵局),evening

paper

(

晚報(bào)),night

school

(

夜校),head

master

(校長(zhǎng)),a

law

school

(法律學(xué)院)。但也有例外，如:agoodstrain(貨車(chē)),sports

meeting(運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì))。［誤］Mymother

bought

two

fishes

for

supper

this

morning.［正］Mymother

bought

two

fish

for

supper

this

morning.［析］英語(yǔ)中有些名詞單復(fù)同形，如：fish,

deer,

sheep,

Chinese

(中國(guó)人),

means

(方法)。所以應(yīng)講

one

fish,

two

fish,

one

Chinese,

twoword5.Chinese.

如果講

There

are

five

fishes

in

the

pool.應(yīng)譯為池中有五種魚(yú)而不是五條魚(yú)。［誤］Mary

expressed

her

thankto

her

boyfriend.［正］Mary

expressed

her

thanks

toher

boyfriend.［析］英語(yǔ)中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：

thanks,

greens，

而有些詞單數(shù)形式與復(fù)數(shù)形式有不同的詞意。如:clothes

為衣服，而

cloth則是布，

sand

沙子，而

sands

是沙灘。［誤］I

offeredmy

son

my

congratulation

on

his

success.［正］I

offeredmy

son

my

congratulations

onhis

success.［析］英語(yǔ)中表示祝賀的詞雖有單數(shù)形式，但一般要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如握手為

shake

hands.［誤］We

havefive

German

in

this

meeting.［正］We

havefive

Germans

in

this

meeting.［析］英國(guó)人Englishman

的復(fù)數(shù)形式為

Englishmen，而

German

則要加

s，因?yàn)樗皇怯蓢?guó)名與

man

的組合詞。［誤］Therearetwo

As

in

this

word.［正］Therearetwo

A's

in

this

word.［析］在大寫(xiě)字母縮寫(xiě)形式的復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)法中應(yīng)加

s，但如字母是

A、

I

時(shí)，為了防止與

As和

Is

相混，則要用's

即

A's，I's［誤］There

are

three

6s

and

two

3s

in

my

telephone

number.［正］There

are

three6's

and

two3's

in

my

telephone

number.［析］在小寫(xiě)字母與數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)法中要用's［誤］Wehavemanywomanteachersin

our

school.［正］We

havemanywomenteachers

in

our

school.［析］一般組合名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)只將詞中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)如：half

brother—half

brothers(同父異母或同母異父的兄弟)daughter

inlaw

—

daughtersin

law,(

兒媳)

但要注意的是：

man

driver

—

mendrivers(男司機(jī))

woman

doctor—women

doctors(女大夫)grown

up—grownups(成年人)

但是

boy

student—?jiǎng)t變?yōu)?/p>

boystudents［誤］Physics

are

verydifficult

to

learn.［正］Physics

is

verydifficult

to

learn.word6.［析］雖以

s

結(jié)尾但只能用作單數(shù)名詞有：科學(xué)，學(xué)科名字：Physics.Mathematics

politics

游戲名稱：bowls

專有名稱：Niagara

Falls(尼亞加拉瀑布) 其他名詞：news(消息，新聞)［誤］There

is

a

peoplein

theroom.［正］There

is

a

personin

theroom.［正］Thereis

amanin

the

room.［析］people

是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不可用作單數(shù)，如要用來(lái)講一個(gè)人時(shí)應(yīng)用

a

person,

a

man,

a

woman。同樣的詞有

police.要講一個(gè)警察時(shí)則要用

apoliceman,

a

policewoman。［誤］Whereis

myshoe?［正］Whereare

myshoes?［析］常常只用作復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞有

trousers,

pants,

shorts(短褲)，socks(襪子),shoes,

gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一個(gè)則要指明，這時(shí)還是應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：Where's

my

left

glove?(我左手的手套在哪?)［誤］I

paidfive

pennies

for

the

sweet.［正］I

paidfive

pence

for

the

sweet.［析］英語(yǔ)中便士有兩個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)形式

pence用來(lái)表達(dá)一定數(shù)量的錢(qián)。而

pennies

是指一個(gè)個(gè)的硬幣，如：I

want

to

change

this

note

forpennies.我想把這紙幣換成硬幣。(即一便士一個(gè)的硬幣)。［誤］Therearemanyfruit

in

the

shop.［正］Therearemany

fruits

in

the

shop.［析］物質(zhì)名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但是用來(lái)表示種類時(shí)則可以用作可數(shù)名詞，這里應(yīng)譯為各種各樣的水果。［誤］Thereis

anew

car.

It

is

Jone's

and

Mary's.［正］Thereis

anew

car.

It

is

Joneand

Mary's.［析］有生命名詞的所有格，如果是單數(shù)名詞則加's

如：Mary's

car.如果是以

s

結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則只在

s

后面加’如：teachers'

offices.如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞但不是以

s

結(jié)尾，則只加’s，如：children's

palace

組合名詞的所有格是在最后一個(gè)詞尾加's

如：girl

friend

—girl

friend'ssomeoneelse—someoneelse'saweekorthree—aweek

orthree'sword7形容詞來(lái)表示事物則要用作單數(shù)名詞，如：The

beautiful

isstill

here.word8.如名詞后有同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，則應(yīng)加在同位語(yǔ)的詞尾上，如：It

is

my

girlfriend,

Mary's

car.要注意的是當(dāng)兩個(gè)名詞并列時(shí)，如表示歸兩人共同所有，則在最后一個(gè)名詞后面加's，如果表示分別所有則在兩個(gè)名詞后分別加's，如：This

is

Mary

and

Jone's

home.即

Mary

與

Jone

是一家人。這是他們共同的家。而

These

are

Mary's

and

Jone's

homes.則應(yīng)譯為這里是

Mary

的家與

Jone

的家。［誤］It

is

really

beautiful.

It

is

aworkof

nature.［正］It

is

really

beautiful.

It

is

a

Nature's

work.［析］無(wú)生命名詞的所有格應(yīng)用

of

結(jié)構(gòu)。但是's

形式的所有格可用于以下無(wú)生命的名詞：表示時(shí)間的詞：today's

newspaper,a

twentyminutes'

walk,an

hour's,

rest

表示長(zhǎng)度的詞：three

metres'

distance,a

boat's

length

，

twenty

miles'

journey

表示重量的名詞：

twopounds'

weight

價(jià)格名詞：two

dollars'worth擬人化的名詞：Nature'swork,

nature's

lesson(大自然的教訓(xùn))及國(guó)家、機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、城市等機(jī)構(gòu)性名詞：theuniversity's

library［誤］Heis

an

oldfriendof

my

father.［正］Heis

an

oldfriendofmyfather's.［析］這是英語(yǔ)中的一種習(xí)慣用法而不要根據(jù)語(yǔ)法去推理。如：Thispenis

Tom's.［誤］My

father

is

agood

cooker.［正］My

father

is

agood

cook.［析］一般動(dòng)詞加上

er

后則轉(zhuǎn)意為執(zhí)行該動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，如:teach(教)—teacher(老師),think(

想)—

thinker(

思想家),drive(

開(kāi)車(chē))—

driver(司機(jī)),sell(賣(mài))—seller(賣(mài)物者)……但不能總是以此類推，比如

cook

是動(dòng)詞“做飯”。而

cook

也可作為名詞“廚師”講，而

cooker

則為廚具，餐具，即鍋、碗、勺等做飯用具。［誤］The

young

is

dancing

there.［正］The

young

are

dancing

there.［析］英文中用定冠詞加上形容詞表示一類人時(shí)應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：the

rich

富人，the

poor(窮人),the

wise

聰明人，但如果用定冠詞加.美麗的風(fēng)景依舊。［誤］The

stories

ofthe

book

was

writtenmany

years

ago.［正］The

stories

ofthe

bookwere

written

manyyears

ago.［析］這句話的真正主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是

stories，所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。［誤］This

isone

of

the

English［正］This

isone

of

the

EnglishChinesedictionary.Chinese

dictionaries.［正］Manyastudentmakes

the

same

mistake

in

the

exam.word9［析］oneof

意為“……之一”，of

后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。［誤］Let's

go

to

uncleWangfor

supper.［正］Let's

go

to

uncle

Wang's

for

supper.［析］uncle

Wang's

意為“王叔叔家”，doctor's意為“醫(yī)院或私人診所”。［誤］I

think

wewillmake

afriend

with

eachother.［正］I

think

wewillmake

friends

witheach

other.［析］makefriends

為習(xí)慣用法，即交朋友。［誤］I

want

to

tellyou

muchpieces

of

goodnews.［正］I

want

to

tell

you

manypieces

of

goodnews.［析］news為不可數(shù)名詞，但加了量詞之后則要用

many

來(lái)修飾量詞，因量詞是可數(shù)名詞，或可以說(shuō)I

want

to

tell

you

some

good

news.因

some

即可用在可數(shù)名詞前，也可用在不可數(shù)名詞前作形容詞，如：I

want

to

tell

yousome

pieces

of

goodnews.［誤］The

teacher

withfive

students

are

coming

here.［正］The

teacher

withfive

students

is

cominghere.［析］要注意由

with

引出的介詞短語(yǔ)不是本句的主語(yǔ)，這與連詞

and有很大的區(qū)別，如：The

teacher

andfive

students

are

cominghere.這里由介詞引出的短語(yǔ)僅僅是

teacher的修飾語(yǔ)。［誤］There

are

alot

ofinformation

here,

butwe

don't

need

them.［正］There

is

alot

ofinformation

here,

but

wedon't

needit.［析］information

為不可數(shù)名詞，而用作代替它的詞要用it而不能用

them.［誤］Manyastudent

make

the

same

mistake

in

the

exam.way

則多為要到達(dá)某地所要經(jīng)過(guò)的途徑，還可引深為方式、方法。word10.［析］many

a

加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，但其意為許多學(xué)生。［誤］The

children

wear

verygood

clothto

gotoschooltoday.［正］The

children

wear

verygood

clothes

togo

to

school

today.［析］英文中

cloth,clothes,clothing

是易混之詞：cloth

是物質(zhì)名詞，意為“布”，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，而

clothing

是指衣物的總稱，也沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。clothes

是指衣服，但沒(méi)有單數(shù)形式，如：This

clothing

isneededinwarmcountries.Herclothesaremadeoffinecloth.英文中的

dress則指較正規(guī)的服裝，如：a

school

dress

校服，an

eveningdress

晚禮服。［誤］I

liketo

studytheEnglish.［正］I

liketo

studyEnglish.［析］作為一種學(xué)科名詞前不要用冠詞，而作為某一特指學(xué)科則要加冠詞，如：Iliketostudyhistory.IliketostudythehistoryofAmerica.［誤］The

Browns

is

going

to

visit

China.［正］The

Browns

are

going

to

visit

China.［析］定冠詞加姓加

s，則意為“Brown

先生一家人”。所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此句應(yīng)譯為：Brown

先生一家將要訪問(wèn)中國(guó)。(三)

例題解析1.LucyandLily＿＿＿inthesame

class.A.amB.isC.areD.

be［答案］C.［析］由

and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞來(lái)搭配謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。2.Whichisthe＿＿＿tothebusstop，please?A road

B wayCstreetD

address［答案］B.［析］這是考察同意詞辨析，road

是指較寬闊的大道，意為“鄉(xiāng)間公路”，而

street

意為道路兩邊的建筑物較高，可視為街道之意，而.而

address

則為“地址”。如：There

is

a

car

running

along

thecountryroad. Iliveat105Parkstreet.Canyoushowmethewayto

theNational

Museum?Hurryup!Thereis＿＿＿time

left.A

little B alittle C few D afew［答案］A.［析］因

time

作為時(shí)間講為不可數(shù)名詞，所以不可用

few，a

few來(lái)修飾。另外，英文的表達(dá)法與中文不同，中文講，快點(diǎn)，時(shí)間不多了，而英文要講，快點(diǎn)，沒(méi)時(shí)間了。因此，要用

little

而不用

a

little.Howmany＿＿＿canyouseeinthepicture?AtomatosBtomatoesCtomatoDthe

tomato［答案］B.［析］用

How

many

提問(wèn)時(shí)，其名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，而

tomato

的復(fù)數(shù)要加

es.— ＿＿＿isthemeat.

Please?— Tenyuanakilo.A How

much B

How

many C

How

old DHow

long［答案］A.［析］由對(duì)話的答語(yǔ)可看出其問(wèn)句問(wèn)的是價(jià)格。錢(qián)數(shù)作為整體、價(jià)格講時(shí)，不論其值是多少都是不可數(shù)名詞，要用howmuch

提問(wèn)。6Theboy'snameisJamesAllenGreen.Sohisgiven

nameis＿＿＿.A James

Allen

B

Allen

Green

C James

Green

D

Mr.Green［答案］A.［析］英文的習(xí)慣與中文不同，中文是姓在前名字在后，而英文則是姓在最后，其第一個(gè)名字是由父母所起的，中間的名字可能是父母、教父所起的，但都可稱作

given

name,而姓在英文中是

familyname.7Shanghaiisoneofthebiggest＿＿＿inour

country.AcityBcity'sCcitysDcitiesword11.［答案］D.［析］復(fù)音字母以

y

結(jié)尾的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要把

y

變成

i

再加

es。one

of

加名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。8 Wouldyoupleasepassme＿＿＿?Btwo

papersDtwopiecesof

papersAtwopaperCtwopiecesof

paper［答案］C.forme?Aany,

someBany,

anyCsome,

someDsome,

any［析］paper

是不可數(shù)名詞，如講一張、兩張紙時(shí)，要用量詞piece.9September10this

＿＿＿Day.A Teacher B

Teachers C

Teacher's DTeachers'［答案］D.Ionlyhave＿＿＿breadforlunchtoday.A

abit

B

a

bit

of

C

little

D

few［答案］B.“Whatwouldyoulike,Ann?”“I'dliketwo＿＿＿.”A glass

of

milk Bglassesof

milkCglass

ofmilks D glassesof

milks［答案］B.Thereisn't＿＿＿paperinthebox.Willyougoandget

＿＿＿［答案］A.［析］any

用于否定句與疑問(wèn)句，但如果要表達(dá)說(shuō)話者真心實(shí)意希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí)，問(wèn)句中要用

some

而不要按一般語(yǔ)法規(guī)律用any.13June1stis＿＿＿.Bchildren'sDayDchildren's

dayAChildren'sdayCChildren's

Day［答案］C.［答案］D.word1214Theseforeignfriendsare＿＿＿.A

German B Germen CGermanyD

Germans.15Allthestudentsarebusy,so＿＿＿ofthemwillgotothecinema.Amany B little Ca

few D

few［答案］D.［析］student是可數(shù)名詞，而

few

用于可數(shù)名詞，意為：幾乎沒(méi)有學(xué)生去電影院。16Therearethree＿＿＿andseven＿＿＿inthe

picture.A deers, sheeps Bdeers,

sheepCdeer,

sheep Ddeer, sheeps［答案］C.［析］deer

與

sheep

均是單復(fù)同形的名詞。17Whoseroomisthis?

It's＿＿＿.A my B Kike'sand

John'sC our D KikeandJohn's［答案］D.［析］因?yàn)?/p>

room

為單數(shù)，所以不可能是

Kike

的一間與

John

的一間，應(yīng)為二者共用的一間房子。二、

冠詞(一)

知識(shí)概要冠詞在英語(yǔ)中只有

3

個(gè)詞，分為兩類：不定冠詞

a

與

an，定冠詞

the。a

用在以輔音開(kāi)始的單數(shù)名詞前，an

用于以元音開(kāi)始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來(lái)表示一類事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個(gè)或某些事物，可用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。(二)

正誤辨析［誤］Thisbuilding

is

anuniversity.［正］Thisbuilding

is

auniversity.［析］a

用于以輔音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前，而

an

用于以元音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前，而不是元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞前。university

的第一個(gè)音素是［j］，所以用

a

而不要用

an。又如：There

is

a

“n”

in

the

word.是錯(cuò)句，應(yīng)為：There

is

an

“n”in

the

word.因字母

n

的發(fā)音的第一個(gè)word13.音素是元音。要注意的還有

hour

因其第一個(gè)字母

h

不發(fā)音，所以應(yīng)該用

anhour。例如：Ineedanhourtofinishthe

work.Itisausefuldictionary.ItisaEuropeancountry.

Iboughtaused

car.［誤］I

need

aumbrellabecause

it

looks

likeraining.［正］I

need

an

umbrellabecause

it

looks

likeraining.［析］因

umbrella

的第一個(gè)音素是元音，所以應(yīng)用

an.常用的情況有：anoldman,anEnglishteacher,anelephant,anidea,anhourago,an

honest

boy…。［誤］“Canyou

help

me”［正］“Canyou

help

me”“Sorry,I'minhurry.”“Sorry.I'mina

hurry.”［析］不定冠詞的主要用法如下：用來(lái)表示一類人或事物，如：Sheis

a

teacher.指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè)，如：An

elephant

is

bigger

than

ahorse.泛指某一人或事物，如：A

man

is

waiting

for

you

at

the

schoolgate.相當(dāng)于“one”的概念，如：I

just

bought

a

new

dictionary.其主要的難點(diǎn)是用在固定詞組中：如：haveawalk/arest

/alook又如：inahurry

匆匆忙忙makeaface

作鬼臉dosomebody

a favour

幫某人忙anumberof

=many又如：have

a

good

time(玩得好)haveacold

(感冒)have

a

headache

(頭痛)haveabreak=havea

rest［誤］I

boughtthe

dictionary

yesterday.

A

dictionary

is

very

good.word14.［正］I

bought

a

dictionaryyesterday.

Thedictionary

is

very

good.［析］在文章中第一次提到某物時(shí)用不定冠詞，而第二次提到時(shí)用定冠詞。［誤］Please

turn

offlights

before

you

leave.［正］Please

turn

off

the

lights

before

youleave.［析］雖然是第一次提到某物但說(shuō)話雙方均知其所指，也應(yīng)用定冠詞。［誤］Thereare

nine

planets

aroundasun.［正］Thereare

nine

planets

around

the

sun.［析］世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的天體等名詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the

earth,

themoon,thesun,thesky,the

sea.［誤］I

liveon

asecond

floor

of

this

building.［正］I

liveon

the

second

floor

of

this

building.［析］在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)前要用定冠詞。如：He

is

the

oldestinthe

family.［誤］I

want

to

learn

the

second

language

this

term.［正］I

want

to

learn

asecond

language

this

term.［析］在序數(shù)詞的含意不是順序中的第一第二，而其意在于再學(xué)一個(gè)，再來(lái)一個(gè)時(shí)，應(yīng)用

a，本句的意思應(yīng)為：這學(xué)期我要學(xué)一門(mén)第二外語(yǔ)。［誤］Mississippiis

one

of

the

longest

rivers

in

the

world.［正］The

Mississippiis

one

of

the

longest

rivers

in

the

world.［析］在河流名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：theYellow

River(黃河)。［誤］Look,

there

are

Alp.［誤］Look,

there

are

the

Alp.［正］Look,

there

are

the

Alps.［析］具體的某一座山不加定冠詞，如：Mountain

Tai.但在山名稱前加定冠詞后，其山名要加

s，來(lái)表示山脈。the

Alps

即為阿爾卑斯山脈。如:TheAlps

are

in

the

center

of

Europe.［誤］Times

is

one

of

the

oldest

newspapers

in

the

world.［正］The

Times

is

one

of

the

oldest

newspapers

in

the

world.word15.［析］報(bào)刊名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞。［誤］Richarenot

always

happy.［正］Therich

are

not

always

happy.［析］在形容詞前加定冠詞表示一類人，而在姓的前面加定冠詞，姓后加

s

表示某一家，如：The

turners

are

going

to

move

to

NewYork.［誤］I

liketo

eat

bread

for

breakfast.

Bread

sells

in

this

shop

is

verygood.［正］I

liketo

eat

bread

for

breakfast.Thebread

sells

in

this

shop

isverygood.［析］物質(zhì)名詞特指時(shí)也應(yīng)加定冠詞。［誤］Thesunrises

in

east.［正］Thesunrises

in

the

east.［析］在方向、方位前應(yīng)用定冠詞，如：in

the

east,

in

the

west,

in

thenorth,inthesouth,inthedirection及inthepast,inthe

future［誤］Do

you

know

whoinvented

telephone［正］Do

you

know

whoinventedthe

telephone［析］在特定和專有事物或名稱前要加定冠詞，如：the

EnglishChannel

英吉利海峽thePanamaCanal

巴拿馬運(yùn)河theSuez

Canal

蘇伊士運(yùn)河［誤］Would

you

please

buy

somefood

for

thesupper［正］Would

you

please

buysomefood

for

supper［析］泛指一日三餐前無(wú)定冠詞。［誤］I

liketo

climbthe

mountainin

the

autumn.［正］I

liketo

climbthe

mountain

inautumn.［析］一年四季前不用定冠詞，如：Springisthebest

season

in

a

year.［誤］Sometimes

my

parents

cometoschool

to

see

me.［正］Sometimes

my

parents

cometo

the

school

to

see

me.［析］有些名詞被用作其本身原來(lái)所含目的時(shí)不加冠詞，如：go

toschool上學(xué)，leave

school(輟學(xué))，after

school(放學(xué))，但如果當(dāng)建筑word16Theylike

to

play

bridge

when

theyarefree.(他們空閑時(shí)愛(ài)打橋牌)word17.物講時(shí)應(yīng)加冠詞，如例句中其父母來(lái)校不是上學(xué)，而是看望孩子，則要加定冠詞。又如，He

was

in

hospital

for

two

days.(他在醫(yī)院住院兩天了。)而：He

went

to

the

hospital

to

see

his

mother.他去醫(yī)院看望他的母親。［誤］I

bought

asame

dictionaryas

she

bought.［正］I

bought

the

same

dictionary

as

she

bought.［析］在慣用法

the

same,the

only,the

very

前的定冠詞不可換為不定冠詞。［誤］The

police

caught

the

thiefby

his

arm.［正］The

police

caught

the

thiefby

the

arm.［析］這是英文表達(dá)法與中文的明顯不同之處，也是初學(xué)者極易忽視之處。在英語(yǔ)中的某些動(dòng)詞，如：

catch(抓)，

take(拿)，strike(打),pat(拍)，hit(擊)，hold(握)，pull(拉)…動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)加人，再加介詞on,

by,

in,

with…之后要加定冠詞，再加人體的某一部位。這時(shí)的定冠詞千萬(wàn)不要換作

his,

her,

their,

等詞。［誤］Hewas

paid

byhour.［正］Hewas

paid

by

the

hour.［析］by

和計(jì)量單位之間要有定冠詞。這句話應(yīng)譯為：他的工資是按小時(shí)計(jì)算的。［誤］I

went

toNew

York

by

his

car.［正］I

went

toNew

York

by

car.［正］I

went

toNew

York

in

his

car.［析］by

僅僅與交通工具相連表示應(yīng)用某種工具，而加了別的修飾詞后其前面的介詞也應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換。如：by

car

(坐小汽車(chē))by

taxi

(坐出租車(chē))by

bike

(騎自行車(chē))by

water

(乘船)by

air

(乘飛機(jī))by

sea(乘船)［誤］Marybeganto

learn

how

to

play

pianowhen

she

was

three.［正］Marybegantolearnhowtoplaythepianowhenshewasthree.［析］在樂(lè)器前要加定冠詞，而在球類游戲之前則不要加冠詞，如：.［誤］The

little

boywanted

togo

to

cinema.［正］The

little

boywanted

togo

to

the

cinema.［析］英語(yǔ)中雖有一些名詞與

go

to

連用時(shí)不加定冠詞，以表示該名詞的內(nèi)涵，如：go

to

school

(上學(xué))，go

to

bed(睡覺(jué))等，但去看電影則例外，要用

go

to

the

cinema.這也是語(yǔ)言的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。［誤］I

liveat

105

the

Lake

street.［正］I

live

at

105

LakeStreet.［析］街道名稱前不用冠詞。［誤］Next

summer

holiday

I

will

go

to

countryto

live

on

afarm.［正］Next

summer

holiday

I

will

go

tothe

country

to

live

on

a

farm.［析］country

既作國(guó)家講也作鄉(xiāng)村講。作鄉(xiāng)村講時(shí)，一定要加定冠詞，而且只有單數(shù)形式，作國(guó)家講時(shí)則可有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Japan

isacountry.Japan,China,IndiaareAsian

countries.［誤］The

picturelooks

better

at

the

distance.［正］The

picture

looks

better

at

adistance.［析］at

a

distance

意為“離開(kāi)一定距離”。而

in

the

distance

為“遠(yuǎn)方，遠(yuǎn)處”。這樣常用的詞組有：as

a

rule

(照例)in

a

hurry

(匆忙)inthe

morning/afternoon

(上/下午)in

the

sun

(在陽(yáng)光下)in

therain

(雨中)in

the

same

way

(同樣)in

theshade

(在陰涼處)in

the

day

time

(白天)in

theend

(最終)onthe

other

hand

(換句話說(shuō))on

thecontrary(相反)［誤］The

little

boy

and

girl

walk

along

the

street

ahandin

a

hand.［正］The

little

boyand

girl

walk

along

the

street

handin

hand.［析］這是英語(yǔ)中的習(xí)慣用法，如：word18.bit

by

bit

(逐漸)day

after(by)

day

(一天又一天)day

and

night

(日日夜夜)face

toface

(面對(duì)面)from

Ato

Z

(自始至終)fromtime

to

time

(再三)hand

in

hand

(手拉手)shoulderby

shoulder(肩并肩)

(三)

例題解析MrLiis＿＿＿oldworker.A

a B an Csome D /［答案］B.［析］an

用于元音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前。English

is＿＿＿

usefu