金融英語第二版劉文國課后翻譯題答案金融英語第二版劉文國課后翻譯題答案金融英語第二版劉文國課后翻譯題答案資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月金融英語第二版劉文國課后翻譯題答案版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：中譯英：一.1.金融管理是商業(yè)管理的重要方面之一，沒有合適的金融計劃企業(yè)是不可能成功的。Financeisoneofthemostimportantaspectsofbusinessmanagement.Withoutproperfinancialplanninganewenterpriseisunlikelytobesuccessful.2.金融中介機構的基本宗旨是把不受公眾歡迎的金融資產(chǎn)轉變?yōu)樗麄兡軌蚪邮艿慕鹑谫Y產(chǎn)。Financialintermediariesplaythebasicroleoftransformingfinancialassetsthatlessdesirableforalargepartofthepublicintootherfinancialassets-theirownliabilities-whicharemorewidelypreferredbythepublic.3.企業(yè)經(jīng)營是有風險的，因而，財務經(jīng)理必須對風險進行評估和管理。Businessesareinherentlyrisky,sothefinancialmanagerhastoidentifyrisksandmakesuretheyaremanagedproperly.4.投資決策首先是指投資機會，常常指資本投資項目。Theinvestmentdecisionstarswiththeidentificationofinvestmentopportunities,oftenreferredtoascapitalinvestmentprojects.5.現(xiàn)金預算常常被用來評估企業(yè)是否有足夠的現(xiàn)金來維持企業(yè)的日常經(jīng)營運轉和（或）是否有太多現(xiàn)金富裕。Cashbudgetsareoftenusedtoassesswhethertheentityhassufficientcashtofulfillregularoperationsand/orwhethertoomuchcashisbeingleftinunproductivecapacities.6.按照金融學的觀點，資本就是企業(yè)購買商品以生產(chǎn)其它商品或提供服務的貨幣資金。Capital,inthefinancialsense,isthemoneythatgivesthebusinessthepowertobuygoodstobeusedintheproductionofothergoodsortheofferingofaservice.四.1.商業(yè)銀行應積極開展電話銀行轉賬功能風險評估和分類，依據(jù)收款賬戶的潛在風險高低，相應設置不同的轉賬額度和次數(shù)限制。Acommercialbankshallactivelyconducttheriskassessmentandclassificationofthetelephonebankingtransferfunctions,andsetdifferentlimitsonthetransferamountandtimesaccordingtothedegreeofpotentialrisksontherecipientaccount.2.商業(yè)銀行相對其他行業(yè)屬于信息化程度較高的行業(yè)，銀行數(shù)據(jù)庫里積累了海量的客戶信息Commercialbankshavegainedmoreinformationandhavelargescaleofdata.3.商業(yè)銀行的管理人員在分析客戶的貸款申請時必須考慮許多因素。ManagersinCommercialbankshavetoconsidermanyfactorsinanalyzingacustomer'sloanrequest.4.除中國銀行外，交通銀行、農(nóng)業(yè)銀行、工商銀行、建設銀行在城鄉(xiāng)也都設立了許多的機構，便于你獲得金融服務。BesidestheBankofChina,theCommunicationBank,AgriculturalBank,IndustrialandCommercialBank,ConstructionBankalsohavecreatedmanybranchesinacityortown,andthatmakeseasierforyoutogetfinancialservices.5.定期存款也叫CD，是存款證書的一種類型。Acertificateofdeposit,alsocalledaCD,isatypeofsavingscertificate.6.商業(yè)銀行作為一家金融機構，其業(yè)務范圍包括：從個人和公司吸收存款；通過提供貸款和其他對客戶的財務或生意的運轉很重要的金融業(yè)務來建立信貸，包括資金轉賬、支票兌現(xiàn)、銀行保管箱等。Acommercialbankisanfinancialinstitutionestablishedto:acceptdepositsfromindividualsandbusinesses;originatecreditbyprovidingloansandofferingotherfinancialservicesessentialtotherunningofacustomer'sfinancialorbusinessaffairs,includingfundtransfers,checkcashing,safedepositboxes,etc.六.1.外匯交易市場，也稱為"Forex"或"FX"市場，是世界上最大的金融市場，平均每天超過1兆美元的資金在當中周轉--相當于美國所有證券市場交易總和的30倍。TheForeignExchangeMarket,calledby"Forex"marketorFXmarket,isthebiggestfinancialmarketintheworldwithtradingvolumessurpassingUSD1trillionaverageone-day,itisasbigas30timesofstockmarket.2."外匯交易"是同時買入一對貨幣組合中的一種貨幣而賣出另外一種貨幣。外匯是以貨幣對形式交易，例如歐元/美元(EUR/USD)或美元/日元(USD/JPY)?！癋oreignexchange”istobuyonecurrencyandsellanotherincurrencypairatthesametime.Thetradingformofforeigncurrencyisthecurrencypair,forexampleEUR/USDORUSD/JPY.3.外匯交易市場是一個24小時全球交易市場，市場交易每天從悉尼開始，并且隨著地球的轉動，全球每個金融中心的營業(yè)日將依次開始,首先是東京，然后倫敦，和紐約。Foreignexchangemarketisworldwidemarketwhereoperating24hoursaday,themarkettradingstartsfromSydney,turningaroundtheearth,thebusinessdayofeveryfinancialcenterintheworldwillstartotradeinturn,thenisTokyo,nextisLondon,andNewYork.4.外匯交易投資者可以對無論是白天或者晚上發(fā)生的經(jīng)濟，社會和政治事件而導致的外匯波動而隨時反應。InvestorsofFXmaymakedecisionsbaseonthefluctuationofforeigncurrencypriceleadedbyeconomics,societyandpoliticaleventsnomatterhappensindaytimeornight.外匯交易市場是一個超柜臺(OTC)或“銀行內部”交易市場，因為事實上外匯交易是交易雙方通過電話或者一個電子交易網(wǎng)絡而達成的，外匯交易不象股票和期貨交易市場那樣，不是集中在某一個交易所里進行的。TheforeignexchangemarketisOvertheCounter(OTC)orinterbankmarketbecauseforeigncurrencyistradedthroughphoneorelectronictradingnetinfact,thetradingofforeigncurrencydoesnotlikestocktrade,itisnotintensivetradinginexchangecenter.6.在外匯交易中，您會看到一個兩邊的報價，由買價與賣價組成，買價是在此價格上您擬賣掉基礎貨幣（同時買進相反貨幣）。賣價是這個價格，在此價格上您可以買進基準貨幣時賣掉相反貨幣。Youwillseethepriceboardconsistedofbidpriceandaskpriceintradingofforeigncurrency,bidpriceisthepriceyousellyourbasecurrency(atthesametimebuyreversecurrency).Askpriceisthepriceyoubuybasecurrencyandsellreversecurrency.七.1.企業(yè)融資是指企業(yè)在發(fā)展擴張中籌集所需資金的行為。Businessfinancingisanactionofraisingmoneywhenfirmsextendbusinessanddevelopment2.企業(yè)融資是為了滿足企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略調整、產(chǎn)業(yè)擴張、現(xiàn)金周轉等方面的需要。Businessfinancingistomeettherequirementofstrategyadjustment,industryextending,andturnoverofcashandsoon.3.企業(yè)通過融資行為改變資本結構，使資金得以形成、集中、積累、組合，同時形成相應的產(chǎn)權關系和權利、責任、利益格局。Thecapitalstructureofthefirmwillbechangedthroughraisingmoney,thecapitalwillbeformedintheformofcentralization,accumulation,combination,andatthesametimerelativepropertyrightrelationsandpatternofbenefit,dutyandrightwillbeformed.4.內部融資的來源公司的自有資金，以及在生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營過程中的資金積累部分,在公司內部通過計提折舊而形成現(xiàn)金，或通過留用利潤等增加公司資本。Theresourceofinternalfinancingcomesfromcompany’sinternalfund,thepartoffundaccumulationofproducingandoperating,cashfromdepreciation,orcapitalfromremainingearning.5.債權性融資主要有向金融機構貸款和發(fā)行企業(yè)債券兩種形式。Thetwomajorityformsaboutdebitfinancingarelendingmoneyfromfinancialinstitutesandissuingcompanybond.6.目前國內企業(yè)在進行投資時采用的融資方式有股權性融資、債權性融資等。Presentlyfinancingmethodsusedbydomesticenterpriseswheninvestingareequityfinancinganddebitfinancing,etc.九.1.組合投資原則，即將風險資金按一定比例投向不同行業(yè)、不同企業(yè)（項目），或聯(lián)合幾個風險投資公司共同向一家企業(yè)投資。Theprincipleofportfolioinvestmentisthattheventurecapitalisinvestedintodifferentindustriesanddifferentprojects,ormakeacooperationwithotherinvestingcompaniestoinvestacompany.2.風險投資主體多元化原則,在美國，風險資金來源相當廣泛，既有政府、財團法人的資金，也有來自大眾游資、民間企業(yè)和海外的投資，還有養(yǎng)老保險基金的積極參與。Theprincipleofdiversificationofventurecapital,inAmerican,theresourceofventurecapitalisquitewidespread,itcomesfromgovernment,financialinstitutes,anditcancomefromprivates,privatefirmsandoverseainvestment,andpensionfundjointventurecapitaltoo.3.創(chuàng)業(yè)投資是由專業(yè)投資者投入到新興的、迅速發(fā)展的、有巨大競爭潛力的企業(yè)中的一種股權性資本。Ventureinvestmentisanequitycapitalwhichprofessionalinvestorsinvesttoanew,developingrapidlyandmorecompetitivefirm.4.隨著社會經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，如何投資、如何理財已經(jīng)成為商業(yè)人士關注的焦點。Withsocietyeconomyhigh-speeddevelopment,howtoinvestandfinanceisthefocalpointwhichbusinessmenfocuson.5.創(chuàng)業(yè)投資以其謀求長期資本收益、分散投資及專業(yè)化管理的特點適應了高新技術產(chǎn)業(yè)的資金需求，以其特別的投資方式、合同方式和組織架構部分地解決了信息不對稱和激勵約束不當所帶來的問題.Venturecapitalislookingforlongtermcapitalreturn,thecharacteristicofdiversificationofinvestmentandprofessionalmanagementadaptscapitalrequirementsofhigh-newtechnicalindustry,specialinvestingmodelofventurecapital,contractmodelandframeoforganizationsolveproblemsofinformationasymmetryandincentiveandrestraintmechanismsflawinpartly.6.投資者可把目光聚焦到正在發(fā)售的銀行保本基金上，這種在國際市場上大受歡迎的新型理財品種不但能夠提供銀行儲蓄般的安全感，而且可以利用此次利率上升的機會創(chuàng)造更高的收益；同時，加息導致債券價格下跌，實際上提高了即將入市的銀行保本基金的債券投資收益率。Investorsmayfocusonguaranteedfundissuedbybank,itisnewstyleoffinancingproductwhichiswelcomedintheinternationalmarket,itisnotonlyshowsthesafetylikebankdeposit,butalsomakehigherreturnwiththeinterestratearise,atthesametime,risinginterestrateswillleadtofallofthebondprice,andmakehigherreturnofguaranteedfundwhichwillbeissuedbybanks.十.1.債券買賣是指交易雙方以約定的價格買賣一定金額的債券并在規(guī)定的清算時間內辦理債券款交割的交易方式。Securitytradingisatradingmodelthatbothofsellerandbuyersignacontractwiththeconfirmedbondpriceandnumber,duringsettlementbothofsellerandbuyermakeadelivery.2.債券回購是指交易雙方進行的以債券為權利質押的一種短期資金融通業(yè)務。資金融入方（正回購方）在將債券賣給資金融出方（逆回購方）以融入資金的同時，雙方約定在將來某一日期由正回購方按約定回購利率計算的金額向逆回購方買回相等數(shù)量的同品種債券的交易行為。Redeemofsecurityisashorttermfinancingbusinessthatbothofissuerandholderofbondtakesbondasrightpledge,whentheborroweroffund(positiveredeemer)sellsbondtolenderoffund(negativeredeemer)forfinancing,bothofthemsignacontractintherepositiveredeemerwillredeemthebondthatheissuedwithredeeminterestfromnegativeredeemerbeforematurityofbond.3.所謂可轉換公司債券是指由公司發(fā)行的，投資者在一定時期內可選擇一定條件轉換成公司股票的公司債券，通常稱作可轉換債券或可轉債。這種債券兼具債權和股權雙重屬性。Convertiblebondissecurityissuedbyfirmwhichinvestorshaveoptiontoconvertbondintofirm’sstockduringholdingperiod,theconvertiblebondconsistsoftwocharactersofbondandstock.4.證券交易必需受SEC及證券交易所自我約束機制的監(jiān)管。SecuritytradingmustbemanagedbySECandself-regulatingmechanismofthestockexchange.5.場外交易市場不是一個正式的證券交易所，而是由經(jīng)紀人和交易商組成的一個非正式的網(wǎng)絡，他們通過這一網(wǎng)絡協(xié)商證券的交易。Theover-the-countermarketisnotofficialsecurityexchangemarket,itisunofficialnetworkgroupedbydealersandbrokers,dealersandbrokersexchangesecuritiesthroughthenetwork.6.一級市場上的發(fā)行方式也分為兩種，公募和私募。Theissuemodelofstockintheprimarymarketcanbeclassifiedinto:publicofferingandprivateoffering.十二.1.新股的發(fā)行價總是超過面值的，記錄在公司帳上的這個差叫附加實繳資本，也叫資本公積。Thepriceatwhichnewsharesaresoldtoinverstorsalmostalwaysexceedsparvalue,thedifferenceisenteredthecompany’saccountsasadditionalpaid-incapital,orcapitalsurplus.盡管股票這個名字很大眾化，但是，大部分人都不是充分了解它。Despitetheirpopularity,however,mostpeopledon'tfullyunderstandstocks.3.公司的管理層的主要任務是增加公司股票持有人所持有公司資產(chǎn)的價值。Themanagementofthecompanyissupposedtoincreasethevalueofthefirmforshareholders.4.有限責任是股票的一個十分重要的特征，這意味著公司在不能支付它的債務時股票持有者沒有負債責任。Anextremelyimportantfeatureofstockisitslimitedliability,whichmeansthat,asanownerofastock,youarenotpersonallyliableifthecompanyisnotabletopayitsdebts.理解股票供求關系是容易的，但是理解人們喜歡哪些股票不喜歡哪些股票是苦難的。Understandingsupplyanddemandiseasy，Whatisdifficulttocomprehendiswhatmakespeoplelikeaparticularstockanddislikeanotherstock.一些人人為預測股票價格變化是不可能的，而一些人認為通過畫圖和分析以前的價格變化就能決定買賣時間。Somebelievethatitisn'tpossibletopredicthowstockpriceswillchange,whileothersthinkthatbydrawingchartsandlookingatpastpricemovements,youcandeterminewhentobuyandsell.英譯中：一.1.Acashbudgetisextremelyimportant,especiallyforsmallbusinesses,becauseitallowsacompanytodeterminehowmuchcredititcanextendtocustomersbeforeit

beginstohaveliquidityproblems.現(xiàn)金預算是十分重要的，特別是對小企業(yè)，這是因為它決定了企業(yè)可以使用多大的賒銷份額而不發(fā)生現(xiàn)金困難。

2.Financialintermediariesincludedepositoryinstitutions(commercialbanksandcreditunion)whoacquiredthebulkoftheirfundsbyofferingtheirliabilitiestothepublicmostlyformofdeposit.金融中介機構包括：存款性機構（商業(yè)銀行和信用合作社）主要通過存款的形式向公眾借款，從而獲得大部分資金。3.Acorporationisalegallydistinctfromitsowners,whoarecalledshareholdersorstockholders.公司在法律上獨立于其所有者，即股東。4.Long-termfinancialplanningfocusonthefirm’sgoals,theinvestmentthatwillbeneededtomeetthosegoals,andthefinancingthatmustberaised.長期財務計劃是關于企業(yè)的長期目標、為實現(xiàn)目標所需要的投資以及因此必須籌集的資金的計劃。5.Businessesareclassifiedintononfinancialandfinancialbusinesses.Theseentitiesborrowfundsinthedebtmarketandraisefundsintheequitymarket.企業(yè)可被分成金融企業(yè)和非金融企業(yè)兩類。這些企業(yè)在債務市場借款和在權益市場融資。6.Financeisthesetofactivitiesdealingwiththemanagementoffunds.Morespecifically,itisthedecisionofcollectionanduseoffunds.Itisabranchofeconomicsthatstudiesthemanagementofmoneyandotherassets.金融是涉及到一系列有關資金管理的活動。特別的，它是有關資金使用和籌集的決策。它是經(jīng)濟學的一個研究貨幣和其它資產(chǎn)管理的分枝。四.1.Therisk-basedcapitalrequirementsimposedoncommercialbankandsavingandloanassociations.對商業(yè)銀行和存貸款協(xié)會實施以風險為基礎的資本金要求。2.Whoregulatescommercialbanksandthriftsandtypesofregulationsimposed.誰來監(jiān)管商業(yè)銀行與儲蓄機構以及何種方式來進行。3.Banksgenerateincomeinthreeways:(1))thebid-askspread;(2)capitalgainsonthesecuritiesorforeigncurrencyusedintransactions,and(3)inthecaseofsecurities,thespreadbetweeninterestincomeearnedbyholdingthesecurityandcostoffundingthepurchaseofsecurity.銀行可以從三個方面產(chǎn)生收入：（1）買賣差價；（2）證券或外匯交易的資本利益；（3）證券的利息收入和購買證券資金成本之間的價格差異。4.Severaltypesofdepositaccountsareavailable.Checkingaccountspaynointerestandcanbewithdrawnupondemand.存款帳戶有好幾種，支票帳戶不支付利息可以隨時提取。5.Acertificateofdepositcantakeawidevarietyofformswhicharenegotiablewiththeissuingbank.定期存單可以采取多種多樣的形式是可轉讓的發(fā)卡銀行。6.Banksthatraisemostoftheirfundsfromthedomesticandinternationalmoneymarkets,relyinglessondepositorsforfunds,arecalledmoneycenterbanks.貨幣中心銀行是指較少依賴存款，并在國內或國外貨幣市場籌集資金的銀行。六.1，Theforeignexchangemarketisaplacetotradeforeignexchangecurrency,oritisalsoaplaceforthetransactionofallforeigncurrency.外匯市場是交易外國貨幣或各國貨幣的場所.2.Aforeignexchangerateistherelativevaluebetweentwocurrencies.Inparticular,itisthequantityofonecurrencyrequiredtobuyorselloneunitoftheothercurrency.匯率是兩種貨幣間的相對價值,特別是,它是買賣一個其它貨幣單位所代表的本幣量值.3.WhereU.S.dollarsarenotusedtoexpressanexchangerate,theterm"crossrate"isusuallyusedtoexpresstherelativevaluesbetweentwocurrencies.在美元被用來表示匯率的地方,套匯匯率就被用來表示兩種貨幣間的相對價值.4.Ifanonlinecurrencytraderwantstosurviveinthebusiness,hemustlearntolimithislosses.Thisisoneofthekeystosmartmoneymanagement.如果一個網(wǎng)絡貨幣交易者要持續(xù)他的交易他必須學習限制損失,這是貨幣管理的關鍵點.5.Itissafertogetintoacurrencypositioninmultiplelotsthantodoitallatonce.在多個地點持有外匯頭寸比同時持有多個頭寸安全.6.TheForexmarketitselfconsistsofaworldwidenetworkofprimarilyinterbanktradersconnectedbytelephonelinesandcomputers.FXtradersconstantlynegotiatepricesbetweenoneanotherandtheresultingmarketbid/askpriceforaparticularcurrencyisthenfedintocomputersanddisplayedonofficialquotescreens.外匯市場本身含有提供給銀行交易者通過電話線和計算機連接的全球范圍的網(wǎng)絡,外匯交易者討論的匯率價格產(chǎn)生了市場上某種貨幣的報價和詢價并通過計算機系統(tǒng)顯示在交易屏幕上.七.1.Ifyouhavetoomuchdebt,yourbusinessmaybeconsideredoverextendedandriskyandanunsafeinvestment.如果你的企業(yè)負債比重過高，投資者則會認為企業(yè)是擴張過度，對投資者來說是不安全和高風險的。2.Debtfinancingisattractivebecauseyoudonothavetosacrificeanyownershipinterestsinyourbusiness,interestontheloanisdeductible,andthefinancingcostisarelativelyfixedexpense.債務融資對企業(yè)權益者是有吸引力的因為債務融資不會犧牲權益者的利益,借款利息可在收益中扣減,財務成本是相對固定費用.3.Acorporationisaseparatelegalentitythatcanbecreatedonlybycompliancewithstatestatutes.公司是一個其所有權與經(jīng)營權相分離的經(jīng)濟實體（即法人組織）,公司的成立要遵守洲法.4.Thepartnersraiseequityfundsthroughtheirowncapitalcontributions,byaddinganewpartner,orbyrestructuringtherelativeownershipinterestsoftheexistingpartnerstoreflectnewcontributions.合伙人企業(yè)可通過出讓合伙人自己的資本份額，或增加合伙人的方式來增加企業(yè)資本,或采用對原有合伙人所擁有的相對資本份額進行重組的方式來反映新的資本.5.Equityfinancingrequiresthatyousellanownershipinterestinthebusinessinexchangeforcapital.權益融資需要企業(yè)所有者出讓企業(yè)的所有權利益來換取資本.6.Themajordisadvantagetoequityfinancingisthedilutionofyourownershipinterestsandthepossiblelossofcontrolthatmayaccompanyasharingofownershipwithadditionalinvestors.權益融資的主要缺點是稀釋了所有者的利益,隨著其他投資者所占權益份額的擴大企業(yè)控制權也可能失去.九.1.Abullmarketiswheneverythingintheeconomyisgreat,peoplearefindingjobs,GDPisgrowing,andstocksarerising.Thingsarejustplainrosy!Pickingstocksduringabullmarketiseasierbecauseeverythingisgoingup.牛市意味著經(jīng)濟發(fā)展強勁,工作崗位多,GDP增長,股票價格上升.前景變得光明.在牛市期間投資股票將有豐厚收益因為所有物品的價格都將上升.2.Bullmarketscannotlastforeverthough,andsometimestheycanleadtodangeroussituationsifstocksbecomeovervalued.牛市不可能永遠持續(xù),如果股票價格被高估則牛市就將導致崩盤.3.Ifapersonisoptimistic,believingthatstockswillgoup,heorsheiscalleda"bull"andsaidtohavea"bullishoutlook."如果一個人樂觀的認為股票價格將上升,他或她被稱做”多頭”和有一個行情看漲的形象.4.Ininvestmentsitiscriticaltodistinguishbetweenanexpectedreturn(theanticipatedreturnforsomefutureperiod)andarealizedreturn(theactualreturnoversomepastperiod).Investorsinvestforthefuture—forthereturntheyexpecttoearn—butwhentheinvestingperiodisover,theyareleftwiththeirrealizedreturns.投資學對期望收益(預測的將來某時間段的收益)和已實現(xiàn)收益(過去某時段的實際收到的收益)有嚴格的區(qū)分.投資者投資為將來-他們希望獲取的收益-但是在投資周期結束后,他們只得到實際的收益.5.Whatinvestorsactuallyearnfromtheirholdingsmayturnouttobemoreorlessthanwhattheyexpectedtoearnwhentheyinitiatedtheinvestment.Thispointistheessenceoftheinvestmentsprocess:investorsmustalwaysconsidertheriskinvolvedininvesting.投資者在投資期間實際得到的收益與他們初始投資所預想的收益或多或少有差異.投資過程的關鍵點是:投資者在投資時必須牢記風險的成在.6.Therearethreeimportantfactorsyouneedtoconsiderbeforebuyingabond.Thefirstisthepersonissuingthebond.Thesecondistheinterest(orcoupon)youwillreceive.Thethirdisthematuritydate,thedaywhentheborrowermustpaybacktheprincipaltothelender.在投資債券前你要考慮三個重要因素:第一是債券發(fā)行人;第二是你將得到的利息(或折扣);第三是到期時間,在到期日債券發(fā)行人必須將本金退給債券持有人.十.1.Thehigherrateofreturnthebondoffers,themoreriskytheinvestment.Therehavebeeninstancesofcompaniesfailingtopaybackthebond(default),so,toenticeinvestors,mostcorporatebondswillofferahigherreturnthanagovernmentbond.債券收益率越高投資風險越大,已有公司不能在到期日償還債券本金(違約)的先例,所以,為了誘使投資者購買公司債券大多數(shù)公司都發(fā)行高于政府債券利率的債券.2.Itisimportantforinvestorstoresearchabondjustastheywouldastockormutualfund.Thebondratingwillhelpindecipheringthedefaultrisk.象研究股票和共同基金樣研究債券對投資者來說是必要的,辨別債券等級將有助于識別違約風險.3.Accruedinterest

isaddedtothecontractpriceofabondtransaction.應計利息要加到債券交易合同價格中.4.CapitalGain.Anincreaseinthevalueofacapitalasset(investmentorrealestate)thatgivesitahigherworththanthe