《英語報刊選讀》期末考試試卷附答案一、將下列所給的英語名詞翻譯成中文（15小題*2=30）TheHouseofLordsSocialSecurityCapitolHillSpeakerFund—raisingpartySeniorcitizenWestinghouseScienceTalentSearchAsia—PacificsummitSovereigntyBritishForeignSecretaryChristianeconomicrecessionroyalfamilytheCommonwealthspokesman二、報刊閱讀題。CampaignstrategistshaveagreedtofocustofocusontheSenate,whereleadershopetocompleteworkonthebudgetpackagebyMay1.“WefeltthatiftheSenatedefeatedtheproposal,itwouldnotevencomeupinthesaysJohnRother,legislativedirectorforthe18—million—memberAmericanAssociationofRetiredpersons.TargetedmainlyareRepublicans,whocontroltheSenate,withparticularemphasisonthe21whofacere—electionnextyear.Thenextelectionloomslargeinthestrategy.“WeshallnotforgetifCongreehavesinanunfriendlyfashiontotheseniorcitizensoftheUnitedwarnsJacobClayman,presidentoftheNCSC,whichrepresents4.5millionpersons.“Weshall1986isjustaroundtheShulman,legislativedirectorfortheNCSC,explains:“Thoseupforreelectionwillhavetheirearsclosesttotheground—andwearemakingasmuchofarumblease.eesegnrttnnttne

AddsArthurFlemming,formerU.S.commissioneronagingandnowalobbyistfortheelderly:”“It’sesstyeet（4小題*5=20）1．……whereleadershopetocomplete…——whichleader？A．HouseleadersB．floorleadersC．CongressionalD．Senateleader2．…itwouldnotevencomeupintheHouse…A．theHouseofCommonsB．theHouseofRepresentativeC．theHouseofLords D．theSenate3．TargetedmainlyareRepublicanswhocontroltheSenate…．sosaidbecausetheDemocratsholdmoreseatsintheSenate．sosaidbecausetheRepublicansholdmoreseatsintheSenateC．sosaidbecausetheRepublicansholdlessseatsintheSenateD．sosaidbecausetheRepublicansPartyholdsmorecongressionalseat4’sesstyeetA．ordinarycitizensorvotersstructureC．politiciansD．Congressmen．讀文章回答問題（5小題*10=50）Blacks’historyinAmerica(1660—1860)AmericanBlacksarewithoutdoubtallofAfricanorigin.Thefirstgroupof20BlackssoldtoEnglishsettlersofVirginiain1619werebroughtinbyaDutchship.Fromthattimetothemid—19thcentury,some14millionblacksweretransportedfromWestAfricatoVirginiaandothersoutherncoloniesoftheNewWorld.Almostallofthemweresoldintoslaveryandsubjectedtowhiterule.Notonlywouldtheyworkfortheirmastersasslavesforlifebutalsotheirdescendantswouldbeslavesthemomenttheywereborn.Ofcoursenopersonwouldhavevoluntarilychosentobesoldawayfromhisnativecountry.HewaseithersoldbyhisownrulersorcapturedbywhiteslavetradersasportrayedinAlexHaley’snovelRoots.SomeofthedetailsinHaley’sstoryweresimilartothoseinotherbooks.ThekidnappingofslavesandtheirmiserablelifeunderthesupervisionofslaveownersandoverseersexistedandtheconditionsonthevoyagefromAfricatoAmericawerehorrible.Theslaves’bodieswereboundtogetherandtheirlimbseithertiedorchainedwithshackleslikeKurta,animportantcharacterinRoots.Theairintheholdswasfilthywiththesmellofsweat,vomitandbodywaste.Whentheycaughtinfectionsdiseases,manyslavesdiedonthevoyage.Someevendiedoffloggingorstarvation.Itwassaidthatonlyabouthalfslavescouldsurvivethevoyage.Thoughsomesurvived,thefateofthosesurvivorswasnobetterthanbeingsoldatauctionlikeanimals.After1700,alargenumberofAfricansarrivedinAmerica.Inthefirsthalfofthecentury,theymadeup20percentofthecolonialpopulation.Manyofthemwereinthesoutherncolonies.Theyworkedeitheronplantationsorinhouses.Thenin1793,theinventionofthecottonginbyEliWhitneyresultedinanewdemandformoreslavesasitprovidedaninexpensivemethodofseparatingcottonseedsfromfibers.Withtheincreaseincottonacreage,slaverypersistedintheSouthandbecamethefoundationofitseconomy.Slaverywasanyhowamoralevil.Itwasinhumanandwasalsoainstitutionrestrictingthedevelopmentofindustry.Manypeople,mostlypeopleintheNorthdesiredanimmediateendtotheevilinstitutionsothattheywouldbeabletodevelopindustry.SomeassumedthattheonlywaytosolvetheproblemwastoshipallBlacksbacktoAfrica.WiththeaidofsuchleadingfiguresasJamesMonroe(president),JohnMarshall(SupremeCourtjustice),HenryClayandDanielWebster(senators),theyestablishedtheAmericanColonizationSocietyinthe1820’s.ThisorganizationwasfinallysuccessfulingettingsomelandinWestAfricaforthosewillingtogobackhome,thusformingthenewnation:theRepublicofLiberia,theplaceoffreedom.TheynameditscapitalMonroviaaftertheU.S.presidentatthetime.However,theresettlementpolicydidlittletosolvethedilemma.Nomorethan15,000BlacksreturnedtoAfricabetween1821and1860;mostoftheotherspreferredtostayintheplacestheyhadbeenborn.ThoserejectingthepolicyofbeingsenthomeclaimedAmericancitizenshiponthegroundthattheywereAmericansbybirthsothattheywereentitledtotherightssetforthintheDeclarationofindependence.II.Answerthefollowingquestions:1．HowdidthefirstgroupofBlacksarriveinAmerica?2．DescribethevoyagetoAmericafortheslavesontheship.3．Wheredidmanyoftheslavessettle?why?WhatsolutiondidPresidentMonroeproposetosolvethepro