復(fù)印材料答案第三單元課文翻譯CoreReading1WhatifIAtetheSilicaPacketsMarked“DoNotEat”?KatherineNeerWhatyouwouldbeconsumingismostlikelysilicagelorsomeotherdesiccant--somethingthatabsorbs(collects)andholdswatervapor.Theselittlepacketsarefoundinallsortsofproductstohelpmaintainquality.Shippingcancauseallkindsofatmosphericconditionsandchangesintemperature.Increasedmoisturecanspoilorpermanentlydamagemanyproducts.Forexample,ifabottleofvitaminscontainedanymoisturevaporandwascooledrapidly,thecondensingmoisturewouldruinthepills.You’llfindlittlesilicagelpacketsinanythingthatwouldbeaffectedbyexcessmoistureorcondensation.Silicagelcanadsorbabout40percentofitsweightinmoistureandcantaketherelativehumidityinaclosedcontainerdowntoabout40percent.Oncethegelissaturated,youcangetridofthemoistureandreusesilicagelbyheatingitabove300degreesFahrenheit(150degreesCelsius).Silicagelisnearlyharmless,andthat’swhyyoufinditinfoodproducts.Silica,whichisactuallysilicondioxide(SiO2),isthesamematerialfoundinquartz.Thegelformcontainsmillionsoftinyporesthatcanadsorbandholdmoisture--it’sessentiallyporoussand.Whilethecontentsofasilicagelpacketarebasicallyharmless,itwouldbearatherunpleasantexperiencetoattempttoconsumethesilicacrystals.Thesolejobofthesetinydesiccantsistoadsorbmoisture.Ifyouemptiedapacketofthestuffintoyourmouth,themoisturewouldbewhiskedawayfromthesidesandroofofyourmouth,yourgumsandtongue--givinganentirelynewandall-too-accuratemeaningofthephrase“drymouth.”Ifsilicageldidhappentomakeitpastyourmouth--whichisunlikelybecauseyouwouldprobablybemakingeveryefforttospititout--youmightsufferafewirritatingsideeffects,suchas:?Dryeyes?Anirritated,dryfeelinginyourthroat?Aggravated,drymucousmembranesandnasalcavity?AnupsetstomachorstomachdiscomfortSojusthowmanysilicapacketswouldittaketoadsorballthewaterfromsomeone’sbody?Let’susea210-poundmanasanexample.Weknowthat70percentofahumanbodyismadeupofwater-70percentof210poundsis147poundsofwater.Wealsoknowthatsilicagelcanadsorbabout40percentofitsweightinmoisture.So10poundsofsilicagelareneededtoadsorb4poundsofwater.Itturnsoutthatitwouldtake367.5poundsofsilicageltoadsorb147poundsofwater.Sinceasinglepacketofsilicagelweighs0.1ounces,thatmeansa210-poundmanwouldhavetoconsume58,800packetsofsilicagel.(464words)(Retrievedandadaptedfrom/human-body/systems/digestive/ate-silica-packet.htm)吃了標有“不可食用”的干燥劑怎么辦？1你吃下去的很有可能是硅膠或者其他種類的干燥劑——用于吸收（收集）和儲存水蒸氣。這樣用于保質(zhì)的小包可見于各種產(chǎn)品中。2海運會造成各種大氣條件和溫度變化。增加的濕度會降低或永久性地損毀許多產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)。例如，一瓶含有任何劑量水蒸氣的維生素如果迅速降溫，冷凝水蒸氣就會損壞這些藥片。任何品質(zhì)會受到額外水分或冷凝影響的產(chǎn)品中都能找到小包裝的硅膠。3硅膠能吸收約等于自重40%的水分，并將密閉容器中的相對濕度降低大約40%。通過加熱可以去掉硅膠中的水分，加熱300華氏度（150攝氏度）以上，硅膠就可以重新使用。4硅膠幾乎是無害的，所以適用于食品保質(zhì)。硅其實是二氧化硅（SiO2），和石英中發(fā)現(xiàn)的材料是一樣的。膠質(zhì)的硅由成百萬的能吸收和儲存水分的微孔組成，本質(zhì)上相當(dāng)于多孔的沙子。5雖然硅膠包的內(nèi)容基本無毒，但企圖吞下這些石英晶體的過程非常令人難受。這些微小干燥劑的唯一作用就是吸收水分。如果你把一整包干燥劑倒入口中，水分會從口腔內(nèi)的左右兩壁、上顎、牙床和舌頭上迅速流失，給你一種全新而異常精確的“口干舌燥”的感覺。如果硅膠真的經(jīng)過了口腔（這倒不太可能，因為你一定會想盡辦法把它吐出來），你會遭受一些非常刺激的副作用，比如：眼睛發(fā)干喉部干燥、刺激感不斷加劇的粘膜和鼻腔的干燥感胃不適或胃痛6要多少包硅膠才能吸光人體的水分呢？我們以一個210磅的男性為例來計算：人體70%都是水，210磅的70%就是是147磅水。我們已知硅膠可以吸收自重40%的水分，那么吸收4磅水需要10磅硅膠。如此計算，吸光147磅水需用367.5磅硅膠。一包硅膠重0.1盎司，這就意味著一個210磅中的男人要吃58,800包硅膠（才能把自身的水分全部吸光）。（464字）（摘自/human-body/systems/digestive/ate-silica-packet.htm)CoreReading2Here’stoyourHealthJoanDuanyerAstheonlyfreshmanonhishighschool’svarsitywrestlingteam,Todwasanxioustofitinwithhisolderteammates.Onenightafteramatch,hewasofferedatequilabottleontheridehome.Todfelthehadtoaccept,orhewouldseemlikeasissy.Hetookaswallow,andeverytimethebottlewaspassedbacktohim,hetookanotherswallowaftersevenswallows,hepassedout.Histerrifiedteammatescarriedhimintohishome,andhismotherthenrushedhimtothehospital.Afterhisstomachwaspumped,Todlearnedthathisbloodalcohollevelhadbeensohighthathewasluckynottobeinacomaordead.Unfortunately,drinkingisnotunusualamonghigh-schoolstudentsor,forthatmatter,inanyothersegmentofoursociety.Andthat’snoaccident.Therearenumerousinfluencesinoursocietyurgingpeopletodrink,nottheleastofwhichisadvertising.Whocanrecallatelevisedbaseballorbasketballgamewithoutabeercommercial?Furthermore,alcoholadsappearwithpoundingfrequencyinmagazines,onbillboards,andincollegenewspapers.Accordingtoindustryestimates,brewersspendmorethan$600millionayearonradioandTVcommercialsandanother$90milliononprintads.Inaddition,theliquorindustryspendsabout$230millionayearonprintadvertising,andsince1966ithasgreatlyexpandeditspresenceoncableandindependentbroadcaststations.Justrecently,NBCbecamethefirstnetworkstationtoaccepthardliquoradsforbroadcast.Totopitalloff,thisaggressiveadvertisingofalcoholpromotesaharmfulmythaboutdrinking.Partofthemythisthatliquorsignalsprofessionalsuccess.Inaslickmen’smagazine,onefulladforScotchwhiskeyshowstwomenseatedinanelegantrestaurant.Bothareintheirthirties,perfectlygroomed,andwearingexpensive-lookinggraysuits.Thewindowsaredrapedwithvelvet,thetablewithspotlesswhitelinen.Eachplacesettingconsistsofalong-stemmedwatergoblet,silverutensils,andthicksilverplates.Oneachplateisahalf-emptycocktailglass.Thetwomenaregrinningandshakinghands,asifthey’vejustconcludedabusinessdeal.Thecaptionreads,“Thetasteofsuccess.”Contrarytowhattheliquorcompanywouldhaveusbelieve,drinkingismorecloselyrelatedtolackofsuccessthantoachievement.Amongstudents,theheaviestdrinkershavethelowestgrades.Intheworkforce,alcoholicsarefrequentlylateorabsent,tendtoperformpoorly,andoftengetfired.Althoughalcoholabuseoccursinalleconomicclasses,itremainsmostprevalentamongthepoor.Anotherpartofthealcoholmythisthatdrinkingmakesyoumoreattractivetotheoppositesex.“Hot,hot,hot,”onecommercial’ssoundtrackbegins,asthecamerascansacrowdofcollege-agebeachgoers.Nextitfollowsthecurveofawoman’sleguptoherbarehipandlingersthere.Sheisyoung,beautiful,wearingabikini.Ayoungguy,carryinganicechest,positionshimselfneartowhereshesits.Heistan,muscular.Shedoesn’tshowmuchinterest—untilheopensthechestandtakesoutabeer.Nowshesmilesoverathim.Heraiseshiseyebrowsand,invitingly,holdsupanothercan.Shejoinshim.Thisbeer,thesongconcludes,“attractslikenoother.”Beerdoesn’tmakeanyonesexier.Likeallalcohol,itlowersthelevelsofmalehormonesinmenandoffemalehormonesinwomen—evenwhentakeninsmallamounts.Insubstantialamounts,alcoholcancauseinfertilityinwomenandimpotenceinmen.Somealcoholicmenevendevelopenlargedbreasts.Thealcoholmythalsocreatestheillusionthatbeerandathleticsareaperfectcombination.Onebillboardfeaturesthreehigh-actionimages:asprinterrunningattopspeed,asurferridingawave,andabasketballplayerleapingtomakeadunkshot.Aparticularlightbeer,thebillboardpromises,“won’tslowyoudown.”“Slowyoudown”isexactlywhatalcoholdoes.Drinkingplaysaroleinoversixmillioninjurieseachyear—notcountingautomobileaccidents.Eveninsmallamounts,alcoholdullsthebrain,reducingmusclecoordinationandslowingreactiontime.Italsointerfereswiththeabilitytofocustheeyesandadjusttoasuddenchangeinbrightness—suchastheflashofacar’sheadlights.Drinkinganddriving,responsibleforoverhalfofallautomobiledeaths,istheleadingcauseofdeathamongteenagers.Continuedalcoholabusecanphysicallychangethebrain,permanentlyimpairinglearningandmemory.Long-termdrinkingisrelatedtomalnutrition,weakeningofthebones,andulcers.Itincreasestheriskofliverfailure,heartdisease,andstomachcancer.Finally,accordingtothemyth,alcoholisthemagicingredientthatgeneratessocialsuccess.HundredsofTVandradioadshaveechoedthismessageinrecentyears.Inonecommercial,forinstance,anoverweightmansitsaloneinhisdrablivingroom.Hereachesintoacooler,pullsoutabottleofbeer,andtwistsoffthebottlecap.Instantlydancemusicerupts,anddozensofattractiveyoungadultsappearinashowerofpartystreamersandconfetti.“Wherethepartybegins,”avoicesays.Theoncelonelyman,nowapopularguywithlotsofmaleandfemalefriends,hasfoundtheanswertohissocialproblems—beer.Relationshipsbasedonalcoholareunlikelytoleadtosocialsuccessandtruefriendships.Indeed,studiesshowthatwhenalcoholbecomesthecenterofasocialgathering,itmayleadtopublicdrunkennessandviolence.Thead’simageoftheman’snewfriendsignoresanundeniablereality:thatalcoholruins—notcreates—relationships.Inadditiontofightingandsimpleassault,drinkingislinkedtotwo-thirdsofdomesticviolenceincidents.Ratherthanleadingtohealthysocialconnections,alcoholleadstoloneliness,despair,andmentalillness.Overafourthofthepatientsinstateandcountymentalhospitalshavealcoholproblems;morethanhalfofallviolentcrimesarealcohol-related;therateofsuicideamongalcoholicsisfifteentimeshigherthanamongthegeneralpopulation.Advertiserswouldhaveusbelievethemyththatalcoholispartofbeingsuccessful,sexy,healthy,andhappy;butthosewhohavesufferedfromit—directlyorindirectly—knowotherwise.Foralcohol’svictims,“Here’stoyourhealth”ringswithaterribleironywhenitisaccompaniedbytheclinkofliquorglasses.(1069words)祝你健康1作為所在高中摔跤校隊中唯一的一年級學(xué)生，Tod急于融入到年長的隊友中。一次比賽后的晚上，在回家的路上，隊友遞給他一瓶龍舌蘭酒，Tod覺得他必須得喝，否則會顯得娘娘腔。他喝了一口，每次酒瓶傳回到他手中，他都喝一口。喝完第八口后，他失去了知覺。隊友們嚇壞了，把他送回了家，他的母親趕緊送他去了醫(yī)院。洗胃之后Tod才知道他的血液酒精含量很高，他很幸運才沒有陷入深度昏迷或者死亡。2不幸的是，喝酒在高中生中很普遍，這一點在社會的其他部分也很普遍。這并非偶然。在我們的社會中有數(shù)不清的理由促使人們喝酒，廣告首當(dāng)其沖。誰能想起一場沒有啤酒廣告的壘球或者籃球廣告？酒類廣告還密集出現(xiàn)在雜志、戶外廣告牌和大學(xué)報紙上。根據(jù)行業(yè)估計，酒類經(jīng)銷商每年在電臺和電視廣告上花60億美元，在印刷廣告上花9億。此外，制酒業(yè)每年花23億在印刷廣告上，自1966年以后大幅擴展了在有線電視和獨立廣播電臺的廣告。就在最近，NBC成為了第一家播出烈性酒廣告的網(wǎng)絡(luò)電臺。3更有甚者，這些侵略性的酒類廣告深化了人們關(guān)于飲酒的誤解。4有一種誤解是酒類標志著職業(yè)成功。在一本精致的男性雜志上，整頁刊登了一幅蘇格蘭威士忌廣告，里面有兩位男士坐在一個高雅的飯店里。他們都三十多歲，精心裝扮，穿著看起來很昂貴的灰色西裝。窗戶上垂著天鵝絨窗簾，桌上鋪著無瑕的白色亞麻。兩人的餐具中都擺放著高腳酒杯、銀質(zhì)餐具和粗閃銀盤；每個盤子上有一杯喝了一半的雞尾酒。兩個男人笑著握手，似乎剛剛談成了一樁生意。廣告標題寫著：“成功的滋味”。5和酒類企業(yè)推銷的理念相反，飲酒更容易導(dǎo)致失敗而不是成功。學(xué)生中，喝酒最多的成績最差。職場上，酗酒者經(jīng)常遲到、曠工，表現(xiàn)更差，并