2017年考研英語(yǔ)二真題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Peoplehavespeculatedfbrcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain1thattechnologyisreplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby2.：Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital*andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland..Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusivej_holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort>one4bypurposelessness：Withoutjobstogivetheirlives5>peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.6_,today'sunemployeddon'tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedfbratleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor7_Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe8forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddicting9poorly-educated,middle-agedpeopleisashortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.Butitdoesn't11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe12ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe13ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the_1_5ofworkmaybeabitoverblown."Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,“saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.Thesedays?becauseleisuretimeisrelatively_16formostworkers?peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17oftheirjobs.44WhenIcomehomefromahardday'swork,Ioftenfeel18)”Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon'thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent”-perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor20matters.1.[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[DJensuring2.[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty3.[AJpolicy[BJguideline[C]resolution[D]prediction4.[A]characterized[B]divided[C]balanced[D]measured5.|A|wisdom|B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom6.[A]Instead[B]Indeed[C]Thus[D]Nevertheless7.[A]rich[B]urban[CJworking[D]educated8.[A]explanation|B]requirement[C]compensation[D]substitute9.[AJunder[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among10.[A]leavebehind[B]makeup[C]worryabout[D]setaside11.[A]statistically[B]occasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically12.[A]chances[B]downsides[C]benefits[D]principles13.|A]absence|B]height[C]face[D]course14.[A]disturb[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield15.[AJmodel[B]practice[C]virtue[D]hardship16.[A]tricky|B]lengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce17.[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[DJthreats18.[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved19.[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into20.[A]technological[B]professional[C]educational[D]interpersonalSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1EverySaturdaymorning,at9a.m.,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley'sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon'sOlympic“l(fā)egacy“isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun-upto2012—butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto“inspireageneration.ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally“grassroots”,conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods-makingsurethereisspacefbrplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas.A.gainedgreatpopularity B.createdmanyjobsC.strengthenedcommunityties D.becomeanofficialfestivalTheauthorbelievesthatLondon'sOlympic"legacy"hasfailedto.A. boostpopulationgrowth B. promotesportparticipationC. improvethecity'simage D. increasesporthoursinschoolsParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.A. aimsatdiscoveringtalents B. focusesonmasscompetitionC. doesnotemphasizeelitism D. doesnotattractfirst-timersWithregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould.A.organize"grassroots*1sportsevents B.superviselocalsportsassociationsC.increasefundsfbrsportsclubs D.investinpublicsportsfacilitiesTheauthor'sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedonefbrsportsis.A.TolerantB.CriticalC.UncertainD.sympatheticText2Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it*seasyfbrparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse."Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,“saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,nanddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.^^Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingfoethechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment^^devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother'sattention.“Parentsdon'thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,^^saysRadesky.Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebomoutofan^oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting^^withtheirchildren:"It'sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou'refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.^^Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere'snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto.A. simplifyroutinematters B. absorbuserattentionC. betterinterpersonalrelations D. increaseworkefficiencyRadesky9sfbod-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers'useofdevices.A. takesawaybabies9appetite B. distractschildren'sattentionC. slowsdownbabies*verbaldevelopment D. reducesmother-childcommunicationRadesky'scitesthe“stillfaceexperiment^^toshowthat.A.itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressionsB?verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchangeC.childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'moodD.parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneedsTheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto.A. protectkidsfromexposuretowild fantasies B. teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayearC. ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren D. remainconcernedaboutkid'suseofscreensAccordingtoTronick,kid'suseofscreensmay.A. givetheirparentssomefreetime B. maketheirparentsmorecreativeC. helpthemwiththeirhomework D. helpthembecomemoreattentiveText3Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn*tit?Andaftergoingtoschoolfbr12years,itdoesn*tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisn'tacademic.Butwhilethismaybetrue,it'snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.There'salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated“racetothefinishline,“whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits-infact,itprobablyenhancesit.StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemfbrindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges-allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.Ifyou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisn'tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.It'snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylateron.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat.A. theythinkitacademicallymisleading B. theyhavealotoffuntoexpectin collegeC. itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers D. itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscoursesStudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps.A. keepstudentsfrombeingunrealistic B. lowerrisksinchoosingcareersC. easefreshmen^financialburdens D. relievefreshmenofpressuresTheword"acclimation”(Line8,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto.A. Adaptation B. applicationC. Motivation D. competitionAgapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthem.A. avoidacademicfailures B. establishlong-term goalsC. switchtoanothercollege D. decideontheright majorThemostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.A.InFavoroftheGapYear B.TheABCsoftheGapYearC.TheGapYearComesBack D.TheGapYear:ADilemmaText4Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofwildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,saysProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologyandmanagement.In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billionannualbudgetfightingfires-nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuchefforts20yearsago.Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardstheagency'sotherwork—suchasforestconservation,watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep-thataffectthelivesofallAmericans.Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoingintoconstructioninfire-pronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelytobelosttoawildfire?“It'salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectivefbrthewholecountry,Mhesays.Weneedtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.Like,“Waitaminute,isthisOK?”"Dowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthelandscape?^^SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire,researcherssay.Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.Overthepastdecade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechange-howthewarmingoftheEarthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldn'tcomeattheexpenseoftherestoftheequation.“Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andtheinteractionsgobothways,**hesays.Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto"anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.Ourperceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolutionisbecomesverylimited.”Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewhollycontrolledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.Butacknowledgingfire'sinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelopingthelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,shesays.“We'vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfireJBalchsays."Itisreallyimportanttounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwithfiretoday.”Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2015they.A. exhaustedunprecedentedmanagementefforts B. consumedarecord-highpercentageofbudgetC. severelydamagedtheecologyofwestern states D. causedahugeriseofinfrastructureexpenditureMoritzcallsfortheuseofnamagnifyingglass'1to.A. raisemorefundsforfire-proneareas B. avoidtheredirectionoffederalmoneyC. findwildfire-freepartsofthelandscape D. guaranteesaferspendingofpublicfundsWhileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotesthat.A. publicdebateshavenotsettledyet B. fire-fightingconditionsareimprovingC. otherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlooked D. ashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplaceTheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto.A. discoverthefundamentalmakeupofnature B. explorethemechanismofthehumansystemsC. maximizetheroleoflandscapeinhuman life D. understandtheinterrelationsofmanandnatureProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould.A. doawaywith B. cometotermswithC. payapricefor D. keepawayfromPartBDirections：Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfromDonaldTrump."Wedon*tmakeanythinganymore/'hetoldFoxNews,whiledefendinghisownmade-in-Mexicoclothingline.Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,andfurthertradedealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhitmanufacturing.Butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:insteadofhavingtoomanyworkers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetradecompetitionandoutsourcing,Americanmanufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsofretiringboomerseveryyears.Millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedintakingtheirplace,otherindustriesarerecruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpay.Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkers-andupwardpressureonwages."They'rehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers,saysJayDunwell,presidentofWolverineCoilSpring,afamily-ownedfirm,“Theymaybecoming[intotheworkforce],butthey'vebeenpluckedbyotherindustriesthatarealsodoinganwellasmanufacturing,Mr.Dunwellhasbegunbringinghighschooljuniorstothefactorysotheycangetexposedtoitsculture.AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersandweldingequipmentthathisfathercofoundedin1980,RobertRothkeepacloseeyeontheageofhisnearly200workers,fiveareretiringthisyear.Mr.Rothhasthreecommunity-collegestudentsenrolledinawork-placementprogram,withastartingwageof$13anhourthatrisesto$17aftertwoyears.Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,youngJasonStenquistlooksflusteredbythecoppercoilshe'stryingtoassembleandthearrivaloftwovisitors.It'shisfirstweekonthejob.Askedabouthischoiceofcareer,hesaysathighschoolheconsideredmedicalschoolbeforeswitchingtoelectricalengineering.HIloveworkingwithtools.Ilovecreating.'1hesays.Buttowinovertheseyoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclearanothermajorhurdle:parents,wholivedthroughtheworstUSeconomicdownturnsincetheGreatDepression,tellingthemtoavoidthefactory.Millennials“remembertheirfatherandmotherbothwerelaidoff.Theyblameitonthemanufacturingrecession,"saysBirgitKlohs,chiefexecutiveofTheRightPlace,abusinessdevelopmentagencyforwesternMichigan.Theseconcernsaren'tmisplaced:Employmentinmanufacturinghasfallenfrom17millionin1970to12millionin2013.Whentherecoverybegan,workershortagesfirstappearedinthehigh-skilledtrades.Nowshortagesareappearingatthemid-skilllevels.“Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattaketoskillsandthosethatrequirealotofskill,"saysRobSpohr,abusinessprofessoratMontcalmCommunityCollege."There'reenoughpeopletofillthejobsatMcDonaldsandotherplaceswhereyoudon*tneedtohavemuchskill.It'sthatgapinbetween,andthat'swheretheproblemis.”JulieParksofGrandRapidsCommunitypointstoanotherkeytoluringMillennialsintomanufacturing:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparentswerecontenttoworklonghours,youngpeoplevalueflexibility.fcfcOvertimeisnotattractivetothisgeneration.Theyreallywanttolivetheirlives,shesays.41oJayDeuwell42oJason