專八語言學(xué)試題一Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof.aparticularlanguagetheEnglishlanguagehumanlanguagesingeneralthesystemofaparticularlanguageTheconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:.voiceless,bilabial,stopvoiceless,labiodental,fricativevoiced,bilabial,stopvoiced,labiodental,fricativeTherearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix"ed"intheword"learned"isknownasa(n).derivationalmorphemefreemorphemeinflectionalmorphemefreeformInthephrasestructurerule"S 一NPVP",thearrowcanbereadasisequaltoconsistsofhasgenerates"Iboughtsomeroses""Iboughtsomeflowers".entailspresupposesisinconsistentwith

issynonymouswithY'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximofX:WhowasthatyouwerewithlastnightY:DidyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocksqualityquantityrelationmannerChangesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.phrasessentencesmorphemesutterancesInaspeechcommunitypeoplehavesomethingincommonalanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguageandrulesforusingit.sociallylinguisticallyculturallypragmaticallyWhichofthemajormentalfunctionslistedbelowisnotunderthecontrolofthelefthemisphereinmostpeople.languageandspeechvisualandspatialskillsreadingandwriting

analyticreasoningIngeneral,thestagebeginsroughlyinthesecondhalfofthechild'ssecondyear.babblingone-wordtwo-wordmultiword答案：專八語言學(xué)試題二famousquotationfromShakespeare'splay“RomeoandJuliet“ 'Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet'wellillustrates.()conventionalnatureoflanguagecreativenatureoflanguageuniversalityoflanguagebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunicationthefollowingsoundcombinations,onlyispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish。sentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshowninaformula"S 一NPVP".()diagramistheonCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCase

recipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.()ConditionConditionParameteranalysisisawaytoanalyzemeaning.toSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled.()termlinguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvariousparativewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,,andkinterm.+firstname

+titlealonename+lastname+titleandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas"subvocalspeech,"andspeechas"".()thoughtthoughtthoughtthoughtofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition.()acquisitionisaprocessofhabitformationacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguageareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse答案專八語言學(xué)試題三modernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe.prescriptivesociolinguisticdescriptivepsycholinguisticallthespeechorgans,theis/arethemostflexible.mouthlipsC.tongue

D.vocalcordsmorpheme"vision"inthecommonword"television"isa(n).boundmorphemeboundforminflectionalmorphemefreemorphemeintheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.coordinatorparticleprepositionsubordinator5."CanIborrowyourbike""Youhaveabike."issynonymouswithisinconsistentwithentailspresupposesbranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalled.semanticspragmaticssociolinguisticspsycholinguisticschangesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchanges,whichareorgeneralization.elaborationsimplification

externalborrowinginternalborrowingreferstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitemsandstraightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamediumofcommunication.LinguafrancaCreolePidginStandardlanguage,neurologistsandlinguistshaveconcludedthat,inadditiontothemotorareawhichisresponsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances,threeareasoftheleftbrainarevitaltolanguage,namely,.Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandtheangulargyrusBroca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandcerebralcortexBroca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandneuronsBroca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandExner'sareatoKrashen,referstothegradualandsubconciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.learningcompetenceperformanceacquisition答案專八語言學(xué)試題四pairofwords"lend"and"borrow"are.()

oppositesoppositesdiscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar.。GrimmRaskBoppWilliamJoneslinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas__.()tobefearedfastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible。'saphasiclinguisticdeprivationdamageontheangulargyrus'saphasicSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay “night"as "light”.Thisshows:.()cannotpronounce/n/interferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongueteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethod

donotliketopronouncenasalsoundswordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled__worD.()polysemoussynonymousabnormalmultiplefunctionofthesentence “Aniceday,isn'tit"is__.()mostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein_andvocabulary。withthewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.()geographysemanticcomponentsofthewordA.+animate,+male,+human,-adultsemanticcomponentsofthewordA.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adult“gentleman“canbeexpressedas__.()C.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult答案專八語言學(xué)試題五Tickoffthecorrectorthebestpossibleanswers:1Oneofthepropertiesoflanguageisthatalanguageusercanunderstandandproducesentenceshe/shehasneverheardbefore.ThispropertyoflanguageiscalleddualityproductivitydisplacementarbitraryKey:BThefunctionreferstothefactthatlanguagecanbeusedforestablishingafavorableatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanforexchanginginformationorideas.phaticdirectiveevocativeperformativeKey:AFromafunctionalapproach,themeaningofalanguageuseconsistsofwhatiscommunicatedofthefeelingsandattitudesofthespeaker/writer.affectiveassociativestylisticcollocativeKey:A4When-ingin'gangling'isremovedtogetaverb'gangle',wecallthiswayof

creatingwords.suffixationback-formationblendingacronymyKey:Breferstotheprocessbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginningstopositionsofimportance.DegradationSpecializationElevationExtensionKey:CAsweknow,everyspeakerhashisownpetwordsandexpressionsandspecialwayofexpressinghisideasinlanguage.Thislanguagevarietyofindividualusersiscalled.idiolectregionaldialecttemporaldialectsocialdialectKey:AWhenpitch,stressandlengthvariationsaretiedtothesentenceratherthantotheword,theyarecollectivelyknownonationtonephonemesentencestress

Key:A8referstothechangeofasoundasaresultoftheinfluenceofanadjacentsounD.AdditionofsoundLossofsoundMetathesisAssimilationKey:D9Basically,allthelanguagesintheworldcanbeclassifiedintermsoflanguagefamily.VietnameseandKoreanaretwolanguagesinthefamily.Indo-EuropeanSino-TibetanHamito-SemiticMalayo-PolynesianKey:B10Aistheminimalcontrastiveunitinthewritingsystemofalanguage.morphemephonemegraphemeletterKey:C11Allmono-morphemicwordsareconstitutedbyfreemorphemes,andthosepoly-morphemicwordswhichconsistwhollyoffreemorphemesarecalled.hyponymscompoundsC.blendsA.gradabilityA.gradabilityA.denotativeA.denotativeD.allomorphsKey:B12TherequirementthattheformsoftwoormorewordsofspecificwordclasseswhichstandinspecificsyntacticrelationshipwithoneanothershallalsobecharacterizedbythesameparadigmaticallymarkedcategoryorcategoriesiscalledconcordgovernmentrecursivenesscohesionKey:ATheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotheriscalled.blendingclippingacronymycompoundingKey:AThedistinctionof'linguisticpotential'and'actuallinguisticbehavior'isproposedby.N.ChomskyF.deSaussureM.A.HallidayJ.AustinKey:CThewordmeaninggiveninthedictionaryiscalledmeaning.

connotativecollectivestylisticKey:AWhenweconsiderthevariationrelatingtowhatauseristryingtodowithlanguage,wearedealingwithaddresseerelationship-continuallycategorizedastenorofdiscoursemodeofdiscoursefieldofdiscourseidiolectKey:AAccordingtowords'structures,Turkishisatypicallanguage.isolatingfusionalanalyticagglutinativeKey:Drefertothefactthatonetypeofutteranceistypicallyfollowedbyaspecialtypeofutterance.MinimalpairsIllocutionaryactsSocialdialectsAdjacencypairsKey:DTherelationbetween"dead"and"alive"islabeledplementarityhyponymyhomonymyKey:BThewords"encore"and"aupair"areloanwordsfrom.FrenchGermanItalianSpanishKey:AThedistinctionoflangueandparoleisproposedby.a.N.ChomskyF.deSaussureM.A.HallidayJ.AustinKey:b22Whichofthefollowingistheexceptiontothefeatureofarbitrarinessoflanguagea.nativeEnglishwordsborrowedwordsechoicwordsone-syllablewordsKey:c23Whichofthefollowingfeaturecannotbeusedtodescribethephone[s]a.voicelessoralalveolarD.lateral

Key:d24Intermsofplaceofarticulation,thetwoconsonants[f],[v]area.dentalalveolarpalatallabiodentalKey:d25Intermsofmannerofarticulation,thesounds[p],[b],[t],[d],[k],[g]area.affricatesfricativesbilabialoralstopsKey:dWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutallophoneisNOTcorrecta.AllophonesaredifferentformsofthesamephonemeAllophonesofthesamephonemeareincomplementarydistribution.Allophonesdistinguishmeaning.AllophonesarelanguagespecifiC.Key:cWhichofthefollowingwordsisnotafreemorphemea.ablepetchangedustyKey:d

28Howmanymorphemesarethereintheworddischargeda.2345Key:b29Whichofthefollowingwordsismadeupofboundmorphemesonlya.happinesstelevisionecologyteacherKey:cLanguageispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextbyteachingandlearningratherthanbyinstinct.TerchangeabilityproductivityculturaltransmissionarbitrarinessKey:c31ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare'splayRomeoandJuliet'Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet'wellillustrates.theconventionalnatureoflanguagethecreativenatureoflanguagetheuniversalityoflanguagethebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunicationKey:A32Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,onlyispermissibleaccordingto

thesequentialrulesinEnglish.kiblbkililkbilbkKey:AThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshowninaformula"SfNPVP".hierarchicallineartreediagramverticalKey:BItistheonCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.CaseConditionCaseParameterAdjacentConditionAdjacentParameterKey:CPredicationanalysisisawaytoanalyzemeaning.phonemewordphrasesentenceKey:DAccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled.

A.commisivesdirectivesexpressivesdeclarativesKey:AThetermlinguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.synchronicdiachroniccomparativehistoricalcomparativeKey:BThewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,,andkinterm.title+firstnametitle+titletitlealonefirstname+lastname+titleKey:CLanguageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas"subvocalspeech,"andspeechas"".vocalthoughtsubvocalthoughtcovertthought

overtthoughtKey:DofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisitionLanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformation.Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeings.Childrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguage.Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse.Key:AThewords"kowtow"and"tea"areloanwordsfrom.ChineseGermanItalianSpanishKey:AThetermlinguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.synchronicdiachroniccomparativehistoricalcomparativeKey:BTheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotheriscalled.blendingclippingC.acronymyD.arbitrarinessD.arbitrarinessD.performativeD.performativeD.compoundingKey:AAccordingtowords'structures,Latinisatypicallanguage.isolatingfusionalanalyticagglutinativeKey:BTherelationbetween"animal"and"lamb"islabeledas.gradabilitycomplementarityhyponymyhomonymyKey:COneofthepropertyoflanguageisthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningandsounds.Thispropertyoflanguageiscalled.dualityproductivitydisplacementarbitrarinessKey:DThefunctionreferstotheuseoflanguagetocreatecertainfeelingsinthehearer.phaticdirectiveevocative

Key:AThemeaningofawordconsistsoftheassociationsitacquiresonaccountofthemeaningsofwordsw