20232023Text3①Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.②Thebodiesplaying①Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.②Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtohavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbiggeradjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.42分之一了。這些年來在較大的職業(yè)體育運動中的運發(fā)動的身體狀況發(fā)生了很大的轉變，而他們的經理人也更情愿調整隊員的運動服來適應隊員們更大，更高的身材。association ”susi”ein] 【例】Let”sformanassociationtohelpblindpeople.讓我們建立一個協會來幫助盲人吧。dramatically [dr”mtikli] ad.從戲劇角度;戲劇性地,顯著地【例】Ikeptemphasizinghowdramaticallythingshavechanged.我反復強調事情發(fā)生了多大的變化。adjust ”dst] vt.vi.【例】Thiselectricpotcanadjustthetemperatureautomatically.這種電飯鍋能自動調整溫度。Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.【譯文】可是假設他參與了上個賽季的話，他就變成了42分之一了。if+haddonewouldhavedone，這句話是過去時的虛however是插入語。Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechanged dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbyyersofbigger,longerframes.也更情愿調整隊員的運動服來適應隊員們更大，更高的身材。andThebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsporthavechanged是謂語，dramaticallyovertheyears是狀語。后半句中，managers是主語，havebeen是謂語。③Thoughtypically③Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsyearsago,today’speople– especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.U.S.formanygenerations–apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren’tlikelytogetanytallr“Inthegeneralpopulationtoday,atthisgenetic,environmental level,we’veprettymuch goneasfaraswecango,”saysanthropologistWilliamCameron Chumlea ofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAplayers,theirincreaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommon practiceofrecruitingplayersfromallovertheworld.雖然體育界的這種趨勢可能蒙蔽了一個沒有被成認的現實：美國人根本上停頓生長了。雖然現在人們1402英寸，特別是那些誕生在已移民美國很多代的那些人，但是明顯的，在二十世紀60年月“在這個基因和環(huán)境的條件下，現NBA球員來說，他們身高的增加主要由于從世界各地招募到了球員。obscure [b”skju]a.微暗的,難解的,模糊的,晦澀的,偏僻的,不著名的vt.使陰暗,隱蔽,使含糊【例】ThedraftingofthissectionoftheBillisobscure.草案上的這一項模糊不清。apparently [”p?rntliad.外表上,似乎,明顯地【例】Apparentlyhewantedtobeclosetothosecommonpeople.他明顯想接近那些平民。genetic [d?i”neitika.遺傳的,遺傳學的【例】Anenzymethatcatalyzesgeneticrecombination.催化重級酶能催化基因重組的一種酶。anthropologist [?nθr”p?ld?ist] n.人類學家【例】Theanthropologistcontrastedtwoculturesinhislecture.這位人類學家在講座中將兩種文化進展比照。recruit [ri”kru:t] .,會員,補給品vt.使恢復,補充,vi.征募兵,復原【例】Werecruitallourrestaurantstafflocally我們從本地招全部的餐廳職員。Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsago,today’speople–especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations–apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.260年月早期，已經到達了他們的身高的極限。yearsago是狀語，especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanytheearly1960s是時間狀語。④④Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20,demandscaloriesandAtthestartofthe20thcentury,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.Yetaccordingtothe5′4″forwomennutrients–notably,protein–tonutrients–notably,protein–tofeedexpandingtissues.20歲以后就停頓了，而發(fā)育是需要能量和養(yǎng)分的，其中的蛋白質用來供給組織的20世紀初，養(yǎng)分不良和兒童疾病阻礙了整體的發(fā)育。但是當飲食和安康的促進，兒童和青少年1.51960年開頭，人們的5954英寸，就沒有怎么轉變了。tissue [”ti?u] n.薄的紗織品,薄紙,棉紙,組織,連篇【例】Theprocessofdissolutionandresorptionofbonytissue.骨組織吸取骨組織分解和吸取的過程。adolescent [?du”lesnt] .青春期的,n.青少年【例】anawkwardbad-manneredadolescentboy.笨拙的沒禮貌的青少年。secular [”sekjul] .牧師,a.世俗的,現世的,不朽的,長期的【例】Thechoirsingsbothsacredandsecularmusic.唱詩班既唱圣樂也唱世俗歌曲。,hysdeef,ssdnotably,protein–tofeedexpandingtissues.20歲以后就停頓了，而發(fā)育是需要能量和養(yǎng)分的，其中的蛋白質用來供給組織的生長。beyondtheageof20是定語從句，expandingtissues是對賓語的補足。Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.Moreove,reventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyears,ourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs.“Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism,”saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.總的說來，避開太高的身高是有很多優(yōu)點的。在生產時，較大的嬰兒通過產道是有更多的問題的。而且，就算人類已經直立行走已經幾百萬年了，我們的腳和背部連續(xù)對抗著巨大的壓力，這些壓力來源于雙足直立的姿勢和巨大的肢體?！坝幸恍┫拗剖莻€體器官的基因構造導致的?！蔽鞅贝髮W的人類學家WilliamLeonard說道。substantial [sb”st?n?ln.重要局部,本質a.實質上的,物質的,有內容的,結實的【例】Sherealizedasubstantialreturnontheinvestment. 她在那次投資中獲得了實在的回報bipedal [”baipedla.兩足動物【例】largecarnivorousbipedaldinosaurhavinghugeclaws爪巨大的大型食肉類兩足恐龍。strain .;損傷,扭傷;緊急,牽強vi.盡力,用勁nU拉緊,張力,應變;緊急【例】Thegreatmentalstrainandoverworkshatteredhismind.巨大的精神負擔和過度勞累使他心智受損。architecture[”ɑ:kitekt?n.建筑學,建筑術;建筑物;組織,構造【例】Thestudyofecclesiasticalarchitectureandornamentation.教堂建筑學爭論教堂建筑及裝飾的學科。Gordon,senioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass.,⑤Gordon,senioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass.,⑤ClaireC.ensuresensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.Shesaysthat,unlikethoseforbasketball,thelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.Andifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesignapieceofequipment,Gordonsaysthatbyandlarge,“youcouldusetoday’sdataandfeelfairlyconfident.”MassNatick的軍隊爭論中心的高級.Gordon確信百分之九十的入伍兵不需要更換的制服和工作站。她說，不像那些籃球制服，軍隊的制服長度很長時間都沒有轉變了。假設你需要在不遠的將來推想人類的身高而去設計一說根本上，“你都能夠使用現在的數據并且覺得格外地自信。”ClaireC.Gordon,senioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass,ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.ClaireCGordon確信百分之九十的入伍兵不需要更換的制服和工作站。ClaireC.Gordon是主語，senioranthropologistattheArmyResearch90percentoftheuniformsandoftheuniforms是賓語從句中的謂語，recruits是賓語從句中的賓語。31. WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampletoillustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheU.S..comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers.assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers.A】WiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBAlistedatoversevenfeet.7342人之一。說742NBA運發(fā)動的身高變化。NBA球員的名聲，與原文不符。NBA兩代的球員的區(qū)分，與原文不符。A。Whichofthefollowingplaysakeyroleinbodygrowthaccordingtothetext?Geneticmodification.Naturalenvironment.Livingstandards.Dailyexercise.C】【解析】C“Butasdietandhealthimprovedchildrenandadolescentshaveonaverage,［答案解析］身體成長方面，本文的一些表述格外明確：青少年身體成長受〔攝取〕熱量、養(yǎng)分、飲食及安康等因素的影響；在這些因素不成問題的狀況下，成人身高受制于基因。問題是這個題目是問什么呢？growth的結果啊〔Geneticmaximums可能就發(fā)生變化了，于是成人身高可能就會變化了〔如increasedinheightbyaboutaninchand［答案解析］身體成長方面，本文的一些表述格外明確：青少年身體成長受〔攝取〕熱量、養(yǎng)分、飲食及安康等因素的影響；在這些因素不成問題的狀況下，成人身高受制于基因。問題是這個題目是問什么呢？growth的結果啊〔Geneticmaximums可能就發(fā)生變化了，于是成人身高可能就會變化了〔如大幅增長大幅增長Apopulationpopulationtodayatthisgeneticenvironmentallevel這句話，也就是在目前的基因和環(huán)境條件下，身高的增長已到終點。假設基因算一個因素的話，那B選項也對呀，此題的難處在于，A、B、C、D規(guī)律上都是重要的影響因素，而且A、B也有明述。但這是單項選擇題，所以A和B可以同時被排解；二、明確闡述身體增長內容，集中于本文第三段，此處涉及的熱量、養(yǎng)分、飲食及安康等因素均可以歸因于Livingstandardsstandards，對吧？D選項規(guī)律上是，但本文并未提及〔留意題目要求是accordingtothetext，即使沒有這個文字，閱讀題也要堅持這個原則沒有這個文字，閱讀題也要堅持這個原則要大膽地把合理的推理的推出來，又不能自作主見地參與文章未表述的元素〔觀看婦女想到粉臂想到大腿的思維方式格外有害，太多的干擾選項是對這種思維方式下套。固然，這個度有時把握起來比較難。Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?Non-Americansaddtotheaverageheightofthenation.Humanheightisconditionedbytheuprightposture.Americansarethetallestonaverageintheworld.Largerbabiestendtobecometallerinadulthood.B】today’speople–B．原文Moreovereventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyearsourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasilywithstandrepeatedlimbs.today’speople–especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerationsespeciallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations–apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s但這只是說明白美國本地人的身高增長到了極限，這之外的美國人〔s吧，身高增長還在連續(xù)。但他們是不是就增加了美國的平均身高呢？固然不是，你身高在增長，但有多高啊？假設長了半天，還沒美國本地人高，那對美國的平均身高的作用就不是身高的作用就不是add吧？B正確，Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitecturearchitectureoftheindividualorganism.geneticarchitecture就是前面提到的bipedal,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultydifficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.意思是人類不能長太高了，否則生的時候困難，這個規(guī)律明顯是，人類〔成人〕身材變高→胎兒變大。但反過來是不是成立呢？至少從規(guī)律上不愿定啊。明顯是，人類〔成人〕身材變高→胎兒變大。但反過來是不是成立呢？至少從規(guī)律上不愿定啊。Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinthenearfutur