2017年真題解析（二）PartII14.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutformingnewhabits?A.Itiseasierthanpeoplehaveexpected.B.Itisbestdonethroughphysicalaction.C.Itmustbedonebymakingcarefulplans.D.Itcanbeachievedbyinterruptingoldpatterns.網(wǎng)校答案：D網(wǎng)校解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句可知，打破舊模式可以為新模式創(chuàng)造空間，由此可推斷出，養(yǎng)成新習(xí)慣可以通過(guò)打破舊的習(xí)慣模式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，故答案為D。文章第二段第三句提到，培養(yǎng)好習(xí)慣，說(shuō)起來(lái)容易做起來(lái)難。由此可知，養(yǎng)成新習(xí)慣可能比我們想象的要難，選項(xiàng)A（它比人們預(yù)想的更為容易）與原文表述相反，故排除。文章第四段第三句提到，打破你的模式的幾種方法是讓自己感到震驚，或者說(shuō)一些有趣的東西，讓自己大笑，或者通過(guò)一些身體動(dòng)作來(lái)打破你的模式。但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)最好的方法是身體動(dòng)作，選項(xiàng)B（最好通過(guò)身體動(dòng)作）與原文信息不符，故排除。選項(xiàng)C（必須通過(guò)制定細(xì)致的計(jì)劃來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn))原文未提及，故排除。15.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageisto_________.A.introducewaystodevelopgoodhabitsB.identifygoodhabitsandbadhabitsC.helpbetterunderstandtheroleofhabitsD.emphasizetheimportanceofgoodhabits網(wǎng)校答案：A網(wǎng)校解析：主旨題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了打破舊習(xí)慣模式、養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣的方法。文章第一段主要闡述了壞習(xí)慣所造成的一些后果，緊接著第二段引出了主題——好習(xí)慣,從第三段開(kāi)始講培養(yǎng)好習(xí)慣的方法。因此，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是介紹培養(yǎng)良好習(xí)慣的方法，故答案為A。選項(xiàng)B（確定哪些是好習(xí)慣和哪些是壞習(xí)慣）、選項(xiàng)C（幫助人們更好地理解好習(xí)慣的作用）和選項(xiàng)D（強(qiáng)調(diào)好習(xí)慣的重要性）均不是文章的主題，故排除。PassageTwoCaneatingachocolatebareverydayreallypreventage-relatedmemoryloss?Peoplewouldsay“No”.Caneatingchocolatecakeforbreakfast,lunchanddinnerbegoodforyourheart?Again,theywouldsay"No",becausethatwouldbetoogoodtobetrue.Butnewresearchshowsthatlargeamountsofflavanols（黃烷醇）,substancesfoundincocoa（可可），teaandsomevegetables,mayreverseage-relatedmemoryfailure.Anotherstudyislookingtoseeifhighlevelsofcocoaflavanolscanhelppreventheartattacksandstrokes.Flavanolsfoundindarkchocolateareknowntoincreasebloodflowinthepartofthebrainthatcontrolsmemory.Theyalsohelppreventheartdiseasebyloweringbloodpressureand“bad”（膽固醇）.Anewstudypublishedonlinefoundthatcocoaflavanolsreverseminormemorylossinolderadults.Dr.ScottSmall，aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,istheleadwriterofaresearchpaperdescribingtheeffectsofcocoaflavanolsonbrainactivity.Thestudyinvolved37volunteersagedbetween50and69.Researchersgavethemahigh-levelflavanoldrinkmadefromcocoabeansoralow-levelflavanoldrink.Foraperiodofthreemonths,somesubjectsgot900mgofflavanoladaywhiletheothersgot10mg.Brainimagingandmemorytestsweregiventoeachsubjectbeforeandafterthestudy.Dr.Smallsaysthatthesubjectswhohadthehigh-levelflavanoldrinkshowedmuchimprovementonmemorytests.Theresearcherswarnthatmoreworkisneededbecausethisstudywasperformedonasmallgroup.ResearchersatWomen'sHospitalinBostonrecentlyannouncedplanstodojustthat.16.Thefirstparagraphindicatesthat_________.A.eatingchocolateisgoodforone'sheartB.peopledoubtthegoodeffectofeatingchocolateC.eatingchocolatemaypreventmemorylossD.peopleshouldnoteattoomuchchocolate網(wǎng)校答案：B網(wǎng)校解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，人們對(duì)吃巧克力能預(yù)防記憶力衰退、對(duì)心臟有好處都持否定態(tài)度。由此可知，人們對(duì)吃巧克力的功效持懷疑態(tài)度，故答案為B。選項(xiàng)A（吃巧克力對(duì)心臟有好處）和選項(xiàng)C（吃巧克力可能會(huì)預(yù)防記憶力衰退）是文章第一段提到的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，但文章明確表明人們對(duì)這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題持否定態(tài)度，故排除。選項(xiàng)D（人們不應(yīng)該吃太多的巧克力）原文未提及，故排除。17.StudiesshowthatflavanolscandoallthefollowingEXCEPT_________.A.takeoffextraweightB.lowerbadcholesterolC.helppreventheartdiseaseD.reversememoryfailure網(wǎng)校答案：A網(wǎng)校解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段可知，黑巧克力中的黃烷醇可以降低血壓和“壞”膽固醇，幫助預(yù)防心臟病，可可黃烷醇可以扭轉(zhuǎn)老年人的輕微記憶喪失，選項(xiàng)B（降低壞膽固醇）、選項(xiàng)C（幫助預(yù)防心臟?。┖瓦x項(xiàng)D（扭轉(zhuǎn)記憶喪失）均是黃烷醇的作用，故排除。選項(xiàng)A（減掉過(guò)多的體重）原文未提及，故答案為A。18.Thenewstudypublishedonlinefocusesontheeffectsofcocoaflavanolson________.A.weightB.bloodpressureC.memoryD.heartbeat網(wǎng)校答案：C網(wǎng)校解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句可知，一項(xiàng)在網(wǎng)上發(fā)表的新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，可可黃烷醇可以扭轉(zhuǎn)老年人的輕微記憶喪失。由此可知，在網(wǎng)上發(fā)表的新研究主要關(guān)注可可黃烷醇對(duì)記憶力的影響，故答案為C。選項(xiàng)A（體重）、選項(xiàng)B（血壓）和選項(xiàng)D（心跳）均與題干所問(wèn)不符，故排除。19.Thehigh-levelflavanoldrinkusedinthestudyismadefrom__________.A.coffeebeansB.cocoabeansC.vegetablesD.tea網(wǎng)校答案：B網(wǎng)校解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第四段第三句可知，研究人員給志愿者一種由可可豆制成的黃烷醇含量高的飲料和黃烷醇含量低的飲料，故答案為B。選項(xiàng)A（咖啡豆）、選項(xiàng)C（蔬菜）和選項(xiàng)D（茶）均與題干所問(wèn)不符，故排除。20.ResearchersatWomen'sHospitalinBostonwill________.A.makeafollow-upstudyofthesame37subjectsB.spendmoremoneymakingflavanoldrinksC.takemoretimetotestSmall'sresultsD.dosimilarexperimentsonalargerscale網(wǎng)校答案：D網(wǎng)校解析：推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后兩句可知，這項(xiàng)研究只是針對(duì)一小部分人群展開(kāi)的，因此還需要繼續(xù)研究。波士頓女子醫(yī)院的研究者宣布計(jì)劃要做這件事。由此可推斷出，波士頓女子醫(yī)院的研究者將做更大規(guī)模的類似實(shí)驗(yàn)，故答案為D。選項(xiàng)A（對(duì)已經(jīng)接受實(shí)驗(yàn)的37名受試者進(jìn)行追蹤調(diào)查）、選項(xiàng)B（投入更多的錢(qián)來(lái)生產(chǎn)黃烷醇飲料）和選項(xiàng)C（花更多的時(shí)間來(lái)檢驗(yàn)斯莫爾博士的研究結(jié)果）原文未提及，故排除。PassageThreeBraindrain,whichistheactionofhavinghighlyskilledandeducatedpeopleleavingtheircountrytoworkabroad,hasbecomeoneofthedevelopingcountries'concerns.Braindrainisalsoreferredtoashumancapitalflight.Moreandmorethirdworldscience-and-technology-educatedpeopleareheadingformoreprosperouscountriesseekinghigherwagesandbetterworkingcondi-tions.Thishasofcourseseriousconsequencesonthesendingcountries.Whilemanypeoplebelievethatimmigrationisapersonalchoicethatmustbeunderstoodandrespected,otherslookatthephenomenonfromadifferentperspective.Whatmakesthoseeducatedpeopleleavetheircountriesshouldbeseriouslyconsideredandadistinctionbetweenpushandpullfactorsmustbemade.Thepushfactorsincludelowwagesandlackofsatisfactoryworkingandlivingconditions.Socialunrest,politicalconflictsandwarsmayalsobedeterminingcauses.Thepullfactors,however,includeacademicfreedomandextensivefundsforresearch.Braindrainhasnegativeimpactonthesendingcountries’economicprospectsandcompetitiveness.Itreducesthenumberofdynamicandcreativepeoplewhocancontributetothedevelopmentoftheircountry.Likewise,withmoreentrepreneurs（企業(yè)家）takingtheirinvestmentsabroad,developingcountriesaremissinganopportunityofwealthcreation.Thishasalsonegativeconsequencesontaxrevenueandemployment.Mostofthemeasurestakensofarhavenothadanysuccessinsofteningtheeffectsofbraindrain.Oneoptionistoprovideadequateworkingandlivingconditionsinthesendingcountries.Anotheroptionshouldinvolveencouragingtheexpatriates(僑民)tocontributetheirskilltothedevelopmentoftheircountrieswithoutnecessarilymovingbackho