人教版英語必修五第五單元知識點人教版英語必修五第五單元知識點人教版英語必修五第五單元知識點資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月人教版英語必修五第五單元知識點版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：U5(BX5)FirstaidLanguage

points1Aid(v)幫助;援助=helpsb幫助某人去做….aidsbtodo在…事幫助某人aidsbin…Heaidedmeinbusiness.Iaidedhertocontinueherstudy.AtChristmas,manyorganizationsaidthepoor.n

/U/幫助;援助在某人的幫助下withtheaidof為了幫助…inaidofTeachersgivetheirlessonswiththeaidofcomputers.Heraisedmoneyinaidofthesick.

知識拓展：give/offeraid援助

cometosb.'said幫助某人cutoffaid（突然）終止援助

ahearingaid助聽器teachingaids教具

medicalaid醫(yī)療救護

2.temporary暫時的，臨時的temporaryrelieffrompain短暫的解痛temporarywork/solution臨時工作/解決辦法

3.fallillfall+adj.illasleepawakesicksilentHiswifesuddenly_______________lastweek.Shehas_______

________foraweek.fell

illbeen

ill4get+過去分詞

表被動或狀態(tài)Thecomputergotdamagedwhenweweremoving.Mybikeisgettingrepairednow.MyglassesgotbrokenwhileIwasplayingbasketball.PeterandMarygotmarriedlastyear.getdonegetinjured受傷getdressed穿衣服

getdamaged遭到破壞

getchanged改變

getmarried結(jié)婚

getinfected被感染

getbroken被弄破

getlost迷失，走失5injurev.

______n.

______adj.injurytosth.

…（部位）的傷Hegot________________atwork.他干活時腿受了重傷。(injury)He__________intheaccident.他在意外事故中受了傷。(injure)injuriestothelegsgotinjuredinjuryinjuredhurt肉體，精神上的傷害（一般用語），疼痛injure意外或事故而受傷wound指外傷（刀、槍、劍傷）woundedinjuredhurthurtinjuredHegot_______inthefighting.Hewasbadly_______inacaraccident.Herwords________medeeply.I_____

mybackwhenIfell.Myfeet_______.6.bleed-blood-bloody(v.)

(n.)

(adj.)Hisnosewasbleeding.=Hewas

bleedingatthenose.=Hehasabloodynose.

他在流鼻血。bleedfor為…而流血,悲痛bleedtodeath出血過多而死loseblood流血、失血fleshandblood血肉之軀7.choke

vi.&vt.窒息;阻塞Shechokedwithemotion.

她激動得說不出話來。Thesmokealmostchokedme.煙嗆得我?guī)缀醮怀鰵鈦?。Atthebadnews,hecouldn'tchokebackhistear聽到這則噩耗，他抑制不住自己的眼淚。

Themangaveafewchokesandthengothisbreath.那個男人噎了幾下才喘過氣來。8.essentialadj.最重要的，不可缺少的，本質(zhì)的1)Sunandwaterareessentialtothegrowthofcrops.陽光和水是農(nóng)作物生長不可缺的。

2)Itisessentialforustosetourstudygoal.我們有必要來設(shè)定我們的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。3)Itisessentialthatyou(should)winthevoter's

hearts.贏得選民的信任是至關(guān)重要的。-----當(dāng)用it充當(dāng)主語而用它充當(dāng)表語時，that從句的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形。9.Youhavethreelayersofskinwhichactasabarrieragainstdisease,…

actas

作為….barrier屏障,障礙物,隔閡Youshouldshowtheticketatthebarrier.Thelanguagebarrier

against反對,阻止whichactasbarrier定從10poisonn./vt.毒藥，毒害；毒害，使中毒eg:1)Poisonsmustbeputoutofchildren'sreach.毒藥一定要放在孩子們夠不到的地方。2)Thismatterwillmakesomepoisontothecrops.這種物質(zhì)會對莊稼造成毒害。3)Booksofthiskindcanmakepoisontochildren.這類書會對兒童造成毒害。

4)Heroinhaspoisonedalotofpeople.海洛因毒害了很多人。5)Thepollutedwaterintheriverpoisonedpeoplehere.污染了的河水使這兒的人中毒。-----poisonous

adj.有毒(害)的

eg:Thismedicineispoisonousiftakeninlargetect…against/from…

保護…不受…的損害

prevent…fromdoing

阻止．．．Wearsunglassesto_________________________.Youneedwarmclothes______________________.Nobodycan_____________________________

(阻止他們結(jié)婚)．protectyoureyesfromstronglighttoprotectyouagainstcoldpreventthemfromgettingmarriedItismydutyto____mystudentsfrombeinghurtwhentheyareindanger.D

A.prevent

B.saveC.stopD.protectpreventsb.(from)doingstopsb.(from)doingkeepsb.fromdoing12.sense(n.&v.)fivesenses：senseofsmellsenseofhearingthesixthsensesenseoftouchsenseofsightsenseoftastesenseofhumour、duty、directionThemanhas

nocommonsense.(無常識)Whathesaidmadenosense.(沒道理)sense(v.)

感覺到Althoughshedidn’tsayanything,Isensedthatshedidn’tliketheidea.(我感覺到她不喜歡這個主意）

13.Soasyoucanimagine,ifyourskingetsburned,itcanbeveryserious.該句是一個主從復(fù)合句，主句為：Soifyourskingetsburned,itcanbeveryserious；從句為：asyoucanimagine.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代后面的內(nèi)容，有“正如……”或“就象……”的意思；它所引的從句位置較靈活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。另外，該句的主句中還含有一個if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。請看類似的句子：Asyoucansee,iftheyarenotproperlyprotected,thefarmlandswillbecomedessertssoonerorlater.正如你所看到的，這些農(nóng)田如果保護不當(dāng)遲早會變成沙漠。asweallknow

=as

isknowntoallas

we

expect

=as

is

expectedaseverybodycanseeasyoucanimagine14.various不同的，各種各樣的Therearevariouscolorstochoosefrom.vary

vi1.～(insth)——bedifferentinsize,volume,strength,etc(體積、容積、力量等)呈現(xiàn)不同Opinionsvaryonthispoint.

15.vary

～(withsth);～(fromsthtosth)——change,espaccordingtosomefactor改變,變動,變化（尤指伴隨某種因素而產(chǎn)生）Pricesvarywithseasons.物價隨季節(jié)而變動Hermoodvariedfromoptimismtoextremedepression.她的情緒由樂觀一變而為極度消沉variety

n.

變化，多樣性，種類Weallneedvarietyinourdiet.我們都需要飲食多樣化Theshoppingcentersellsavarietyofgoodsavarietyof+名詞,謂語動詞的數(shù)和后面的名詞保持一致16.depend

on取決于,依賴,依靠,信賴,信任Hiswholefamily

dependsonhim他全家都靠他養(yǎng)活.Heis

a

man

tobedepended

on他是個可以信賴的人dependent

(adj.)dependence(

n.

)independent(adj.)independence(n.)17.mild-milder-mildest-mildlyExamplesincludemildsunburnandburnscausedbytouchingahotpan,stoveorironforad在這個句子中的意思是“輕微的、不嚴重的”。如：Edwardsufferedfromamildheartattack.愛德華犯了輕微的心臟病。

mild還可以表示“溫和的、暖和的；味淡的”如：She’sthemildestpersonIhaveevermetinmylife.她是我平生見到過的最溫柔的人了amildclimate溫暖的天氣mildcheese淡味奶酪gentle/soft/mildThepunishmentisvery______.Theweatheris______.Ilikea_____pillow.Hewasapersonof_____

birth.(身世良好)Hespokeina___________________voice.

mildmildgentlesoftgentle/soft/mild18.詞語辨析:electric電的,發(fā)電的,由電產(chǎn)生的,用于導(dǎo)電的.electrical有關(guān)電的,與電有關(guān)的.electricity電,電力.電力學(xué)electricgenerator發(fā)電機,

electriccooker電爐,electriciron電熨斗,

electricengineer

電機工程師19.swell

vt./vi.Swellswelled/

swelledswollen使膨脹，使(力量，數(shù)目等)增長，使壯大，Thewindswelledthesails.風(fēng)使船帆鼓起。Hisinjuredwristbegantoswell(up).他那受傷的手腕開始腫起。Herfaceswelledupwithtoothche.Thewindswelledintoastorm.

風(fēng)力漸增，終于形成一場暴風(fēng)雨。asmallbusinessswelledintoabigcompany.壯大4)Neverswellwithpridewhenyoumakesomecontributions.

有了貢獻不要沾沾自喜。swellwithpride/anger得意洋洋、怒氣沖沖Thedoctorexaminedtheswellingonmyback.swollen

adj.腫脹的Hiseyelidisswollen.

他眼皮腫了。20.sticksticksth.tosth.

粘住Stickthegluetomyfingers.sticktodoingsthstickto堅持sticktoone’sview堅持自己的觀點21.jewellery=jewelry

珠寶(總稱)不可數(shù)jewel

可數(shù)，珠寶，珍視的人、物The____werekeptinthesafe.Manywomenliketobuyasmuch_______aspossible.FatheralwayssaysIamhis______.

jeweljewelleryjewelsSheappearedatthereceptionwearingherfinestjewels.Shelockedherjewelsinthejewellerybox.

Mysisterhas_.A.apieceofjewellery

B.ajewelleryC.alittleofjewels

D.abitjewellery22.Coolburnsimmediatelywithcoolbutnoticywater.立即用涼水給傷口沖涼，但不要用冰水-y是個形容詞后綴。如：windy有風(fēng)

hilly多小山的

sleepy困倦的

greeny略呈綠色的

spicy辛辣的

woody樹木茂密的23.unbearable不能忍受的un—不能….,無法….unforgettableunwillingunusualuncertainunfairunfitunbelievableunfortunateunlikeuncomfortable24.squeeze擠；壓；塞osth.把……塞進

sth.from/outofsth.

擠出through擠過sth.outofsb.

敲詐逼某人說出sbin擠出時間見某人

crocodilesqueezedatear.Isqueezedmyselfontothecrowdedtrain.Hesqueezedeverythingintoasuitcase.ShewatchedhergrandmasqueezethejuiceoutofalemonattentivelyAlthoughIambusy,Istillcansqueezeyouinat10o’clock

Thoseblackmailersintendedtosqueezemore

moneyoutofhim.那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多錢。I’llnevergiveintoyou,andyoucansqueezenothingoutofmeThelittleboyissqueezingthetoothpastefromthetubeontothetoothbrush25.overandoveragainListsomephrasesorwordsthathavesimilarmeaningoverandoveragainandagainoverandagainmanytimesrepeatedlyfromtimetotimenowandthennowandagainSometimesAttimesOnoccasions26.Holdthebandageinplacewithtape.用膠布把繃帶固定。inplace在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤健Ｈ纾篢helibrarianputthereturnedbooksinplace.圖書館員把還回的圖書放到原處。You’dbetterputthingsbackinplace.你最好把你的東西放回原位。Herdresswasoutofplaceattheceremony.（不得體,不適當(dāng)）inplace還有“準備就緒”的意思。如：ThearrangementsfortheconcertnextSaturdayareallinplace.周六的音樂會已經(jīng)準備就緒。Witheverythinginplace,shestartedtheslideshow.27.Pour

1.倒,灌,注Shepouredherselfanothercupoftea.她為自己又倒了一杯茶。2.傾注;大量投入;大量生產(chǎn)

Theyhavepouredmoneyintothetouristindustry.他們已經(jīng)把大筆錢投入了旅游業(yè)。3傾吐,訴說Sheoftenpourshertroublestofriends.她經(jīng)常向朋友們傾訴自己的苦惱。不及物動詞vi.

1.傾瀉,涌流Thecrowdpouredoutoftheconcerthall.人群從音樂廳涌出來。

SweatpouredfromMartin'sface.馬丁臉上汗如雨下。2.斟茶

ShallIpour

我來斟茶好嗎?3(雨)傾盆而降(+down)

Therainpouredsteadilydown.大雨不停地傾盆而下。Pourcoldwateron/over對…潑冷水Pouroilontheflames火上澆油Pouroilontroubledwaters平息風(fēng)波I.用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Thereareover115differentkindsof________(poison)snakesinAustralia.2.Doctorsinthathospitalaredevelopinganew_________(treat)forcancer.3.Heisa____(mildly)personwhonevershouts.poisonoustreatmentmild4.Thismachinehasan________(electric)fault.（與電有關(guān)的）5.Hisfacewas______(swell)upwithtoothache.6.Ifhe_____(blood)toomuch,hislifewillbeindanger.7.Hisfootwasburnedbyhotwaterandtherewereseveral______(water)blistersonit.swollenbleedswateryelectricalII.根據(jù)句意,

選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。1.protect;defenda.Takinganumbrellacan_______youfromrain.b.Schoolsshouldgivechildrenlessonsonhowto_____________tectprotect/defend2.wound;injure;hurta.Shewasbadly____________whenshefelloffherbike.b.Hisleg_____whenhewalks.c.Thesoldiergotaserious______inthewar.hurt/injuredwoundhurts3.insiston;sticktoa.Onceadecisionhasbeenmade,allofusshould______it.b.They_________leavingthatday.c.Healways_______hispromise.stickstosticktoinsistedon4.cutoff;cutout;cutupHewas_________themeatandwantedtomakedumplings.b.Youcan_______theunimportantdetails.c.

Thevillagewas______byheavysnowforamonth.cutoffcuttingupcutoutIII.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1.Wedon’twanttohearyouropinions;stick__thefacts.2.Therobberrobbedthebank__force.3.Whetherwewillhaveapicnictomorrowdepends__theweather.4.Hewas_____greatpainafterhebrokehisarm.tobyonin/of5.Theydecidedtojointofight______theenemyanddefendtheircountry.6.Assoonasallthechairsare__place,wecanletthepeoplein.Don’ttakeanynotice__whathesays.8._____theaidofourteacher,wegotthroughallthedifficulties.WithagainstinofV.下列各句均有一處錯誤,

請指出并改正.Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroom,you’llhavetopay

other

30yuan.another2.Firstthecurtaincaughtafireandthenthebedclothes.it3.Ilikethatintheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.4.Tomydisappointment,none

ofmyparentsansweredthetelephone.neither

5.Sheknewtherewasnodoubtwhetherhewaslyingtoher.that6.ItwasinthestreetwhereImetJohn.that7.Thespeechisintheplaceforthisoccasion.VI.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)所給的提示將下列句子翻譯成英語。1.他被年輕人擠出了人才市場。(squeezeoutof)Hewassqueezedoutofthejobmarketbyyoungpeople.2.我一次又一次地警告過你不要再做那么傻的事。(overandoveragain)I’vewarnedyouoverandoveragainnottodosuchsillythings.3.用膠帶固定好繃帶。(inplace)Holdthebandageinplacewithtape.4.風(fēng)暴對莊稼沒造成多大的破壞。(dodamageto)Thestormdidn’tdomuchdamagetothecrops.5.我不懷疑他能按時完成任務(wù)。(doubt)Idon’tdoubtthathecanfinishthetaskontime.6.堅持做完一件事。(stickto)Sticktoataskuntilitisfinished.7.法律一旦被制訂,就應(yīng)該被認真執(zhí)行。(carryout)Lawsmustbecarriedoutseriouslyoncemade.8.正是那個護士的快速反應(yīng)和急救知識挽救了男孩的生命。Itwasthenurse’squickactionandknowledgeoffirstaidthatsavedtheboy.Reading21baward,reward,prizeaward指正式地或官方地頒發(fā)，授予，給予；也可以指法庭裁決給予。如：Theschoolprincipalawardedaprizeinhistorytothebeststudent.學(xué)校校長將歷史獎授予最出色的學(xué)生。reward“報答，報償，獎賞”，表示由于做了某事而應(yīng)該得到的東西。如：Thefiremanreceivedarewardforsavingthechild'slife.因救了小孩的命，消防員提到一筆獎金。prize“獎賞，獎金，獎品”，尤指在比賽中獲得的榮譽。如：Hundredsofprizescanbewoninournewspapercompetition.參加我們報紙的競賽可以贏得數(shù)以百計的獎品。

1.Itiswidelyacceptedthatyoungbabieslearnto

dothingsbecausecertainactsleadto________.

A.rewards

B.prizes

C.awards

D.results2.Themayor________thepoliceofficeramedalofhonorforhisheroicdeedinrescuingtheearthquakevictims.

A)rewarded

B)awarded

C)credited

D)prized一.award與reward詞義辨析AB3.Thepolicehaveofferedalarge_____forinformationleadingtotherobber’sarrest.A.award

B.compensationC.prize

D.rewardD2.Honorn.(U)榮譽，尊敬;名譽It’sapointofhonorwithmetoreplyallmydebtspromptly.引以為榮的人/事，只用單數(shù)。Thesuccessfullaunchofthe“ShenzhouVI”isanhonortoourcountry.dosbanhonor/thehonor（ofdoingsth）使某人有特殊的榮幸,賞光Willyoudomethehonorofdiningwithme可否賞光和我一起吃飯

insb’s/sth’shonor

出于對…的敬意WeareplanningabigChristmaspartyinyourhonor.我們正籌備為你舉行一次盛大的圣誕晚會。inhonorof…，為紀念…，為慶祝…Amonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftheheroeswhogaveuptheirlivesduringthewar.為了紀念在戰(zhàn)爭中獻身的英雄們，建立了一座紀念碑。

Honorv.給予表揚（或獎勵、頭銜、稱號）1honorsb/sth（withsth）ThePresidenthonoreduswithapersonalvisit.2

behonoredfor…因…而受到尊敬

DrBethunewashonoredforhisselflesswork.白求恩大夫由于他無私的工作而受到贊譽。3be/feelhonoredthat…很榮幸能做…Iamhonoredthatyoushouldnoticeme.我很榮幸您能注意到我。

4be/feelhonoredtodo很榮幸能做…。Iamhonoredtobeherewithyou.能和你在這里我感到很榮幸。anhonoredguest

貴賓3present

v.Joanwaspresentedwithhisawardataceremonywhichrecognizedthebraveryofthelifeofanother.贈送present+sth.+to+sb.

把某物送給某人present+sb.+withsth.贈送某人某物2.——introduce(sb)formally正式介紹

Shepresentedherboyfriendtous.她把男朋友介紹給我們。3.——show顯示,呈現(xiàn)～asmilingface顯出一張笑臉4.描述Thecharactersinthenovelarevividly～ed.小說中人物被描寫得很生動adj.作前置定語,“目前的,現(xiàn)在的”

作后置定語,“出席的,在場的thepresentmembersthememberspresent

n.——gift禮物相關(guān)短語：thepresentday

今天(=today)

atpresent／atthepresenttime＝now現(xiàn)在forthepresent

暫時

thepresent

現(xiàn)在(相當(dāng)于名詞)bepresentat

出席;到場

4).ceremonyn.(C)典禮；儀式

(U)禮節(jié)；禮儀；客套

Theweddingceremonywasbeautiful.Thereisnoneedforceremonybetweenus.Expressions:standonceremony拘泥禮節(jié)；講究客套withceremony正式；隆重withoutceremony不拘禮節(jié)地；隨便地Theheadofstatewaswelcomedwithfullceremony.人們以最高規(guī)格的儀式歡迎國家首腦。5).Johnwasstudyinginhisroomwhenheheardscreaming.此句型中when作并列連詞相當(dāng)于andthen意為”正當(dāng)……時突然”,常用于以下句型：bedoing…when…

正在做……突然beabouttodo…when…

即將做……突然beonthepointtodo…when…正要去做…..突然has/have/haddone…when…剛剛……這時(突然)例題（06，湖南）Ihadjuststeppedoutofthebathroomandwasbusydryingmyselfwithatowel,__Iheardthesteps.A．while

B.when

C.since

D.after6cutone'sfinger割破手指haveone'shaircut理發(fā)cutexpenses減少費用cutaclass逃學(xué)Wasyoursalarycut你的薪水減少了嗎

習(xí)慣用語：becutoutfor有做某事的天賦;適合于;與...相配合

shortcut捷徑,近路(一般和make,take連用;有時用作定語)

drawcuts抽簽

cutabout亂切,亂砍亂跑cutat向...砍去猛打毀掉

cutaway切除,剪掉匆匆跑掉

cutback(on)減少;剪短;倒敘;縮減;中斷;cutdown削減,壓縮砍倒使喪命比...強;使...遜色

cutin插進來說,插嘴夾進來,夾塞干預(yù)超車cutinto插進來,參加(談話),打斷(別人的話);減少,縮減;切開;侵犯(利益)

cutoff切斷,停掉隔絕,擋住死掉使電話中斷切[剪]下來剝奪(繼承權(quán))

cutout刪掉停止

(機器)失靈

7.anumberof+可數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，意為“許多，大量的......”，thenumberof+可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，意為“......的數(shù)量”eg:1)Anumberofproblemshavearisen.已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了很多問題。2)Thenumberofcollegeshasincreasedinthepast10years.在過去的十年里，大學(xué)的數(shù)量有所增加。

-----其他表示“許多，大量”的短語：agreat/goodmany

alarge/great/good/smallnumberof

+可數(shù)名詞agoodfew/quiteafewmanya

muchagreat/gooddealof

agreat/largeamountof

+不可數(shù)名詞quitealittlealotof/lotsof

agreat/largequanitityof

+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞largequanititiesofplentyof8.putone'shandson

找到

eg:Fewofthestudentshaveputtheirhandsonthe

materialsfortheircompositions.

沒有幾個學(xué)生找到適合他們作文的素材。9.treatvt.1)對待；看待，把...看作：treatsb.badly虐待某人treatsb.asdistinguishdedguest把某人待為上賓treatsb.withconsideration對待某人很體貼Donottreatthisseriousmatterasajoke.2)討論；探討；詳述；（文學(xué)，藝術(shù)作品中）描繪，描述；表現(xiàn)：Hetreatsthissubjectthoroughlyinhisbook.他在書中詳盡透徹地討論了這個問題。3)醫(yī)治，治療：treatsb.forinfluenza給某人醫(yī)治流行感冒treatsb’stoothache

治療某人的牙痛4)款待，請客(to):treatsb.toanice-cream(atheatre)請某人吃冰激凌（看戲）I‘lltreatmyselftoasunbath.我要好好地享受一次日光浴。Let’sgooutfordinner-----mytreatthistime.這次由我請客。10.applyVt.涂,敷;應(yīng)用;適用Application—applicant---applicance--applicable1)涂,敷她在臉上濃妝艷抹Sheappliedheavymakeuptoherface.2)我們應(yīng)該把理論應(yīng)用于實踐。Weshouldapplytheorytopractice.Thisrulecannotbeappliedtoeverycase.vi.申請applytosbforsthapplyforajob申請就業(yè)Applyforascholarship申請獎學(xué)金applytodosth

申請做某事TheyappliedtoreturntoChina.3)適用Schoolregulationsapplytoeverystudent.校規(guī)適用于每位學(xué)生。Thisrulecannotapplytoeverycase.這條規(guī)則并不是在每種情況下都能適用的。applyoneself/sthtosth使致力(于),使專心從事HeappliedhimselftolearningFrench.他致力于學(xué)習(xí)法語。專心于，致力于:BuryoneselfinAbsorboneselfinInvolveoneselfin

loseoneselfincommitoneselfto

devoteoneselftokeepone’smindon11.ThereisnodoubtthatJohn'squickthinkingandthef