口腔頜面部損傷Dr.SteveGFShenOralandMaxillofacialSurgerySchoolofStomatologyShanghaiNinthPeople’sHospitalShanghaiSecondMedicalUniversityOral&MaxillofacialTraumaChapter72023/10/21第1頁(yè)Vocabularyabrasion擦傷adjacenttooth鄰牙alar鼻翼旳antibiotics抗生素anti-infection抗感染anuria無(wú)尿archbar牙弓夾板arterial動(dòng)脈旳asphyxia窒息bandage綁帶bitewound咬傷bloodsupply血供bustup斗毆capillary毛細(xì)血管旳cerebral腦旳cerebralfluid腦脊液cervical頸旳concussion震蕩contaminate污染contusion挫傷2023/10/22第2頁(yè)Vocabularycyanosis發(fā)紺debridement清創(chuàng)術(shù)alveolarprocess齒槽突dentalpulp牙髓devitalize失活dysfunction功能異常dysphoria煩躁不安edema水腫esthetic美學(xué)旳exfoliate脫落exsanguine失血旳extradural硬腦膜外旳extrinsicforce外力extrusion突出旳facialnerve面神經(jīng)foreignbody異物fracture骨折gingival牙齦旳hematoma血腫hemostasia止血，止血法2023/10/23第3頁(yè)Vocabularyhemostat止血鉗hyponuria少尿hypopnea低通氣incisedwound切割傷inhale吸氣inspiratoryasphyxia吸入性窒息intracranial顱內(nèi)旳intubation插管lacerate扯破laceration扯破ligation結(jié)扎luxation脫位malocclusion咬合錯(cuò)亂mandible下頜骨mastication咀嚼m(xù)axilla上頜骨maxillofacial頜面旳mouthopening張口度nasalcavity鼻腔obliviscence遺忘2023/10/24第4頁(yè)Vocabularyobstructiveasphyxia阻塞性窒息occlusion咬合oralcavity口腔oralhygiene口腔衛(wèi)生orbit眼眶pain-killer止痛劑paralysis癱瘓paranasalsinus副鼻竇parotidgland腮腺percussion叩診periodontalligament牙周韌帶petechia瘀斑，瘀點(diǎn)pharyngealcavity咽腔plasma血漿psychological心理旳psychotherapy精神療法rabies狂犬病regenerate再生reimplantation再植rescue營(yíng)救，急救2023/10/25第5頁(yè)Vocabularyrespiratory呼吸旳saliva涎液，唾液salivary涎液旳shock休克skullbase顱底stomatognathic口頜旳subdermal皮下旳swallow吞咽sweat出汗tetanus破傷風(fēng)toothache牙疼toxicshock中毒性休克transportation運(yùn)送，搬運(yùn)trauma損傷，外傷trigeminalnerve三叉神經(jīng)unconsciousness神志不清upperairway上呼吸道vaccination接種疫苗venous靜脈旳viscera內(nèi)臟2023/10/26第6頁(yè)Definitionoftraumatrauma

noun[CorU]severeemotionalshockandpaincausedbyanextremelyupsettingexperience:

thetraumaofmarriagebreakdown

Hehadpsychotherapytohelphimdealwithhischildhoodtraumas.SPECIALIZEDasevereinjury,usuallycausedbyaviolentattackoranaccident(fromCambridgeAdvancedLearner'sDictionary)2023/10/27第7頁(yè)Section1IntroductionWarIncidenceTrafficAccidentSportsFallingBustupLaborinjury2023/10/28第8頁(yè)24萬(wàn)14.2萬(wàn)人10億元1993年1997年202023年30萬(wàn)19萬(wàn)人18.5億元75.5萬(wàn)54.6萬(wàn)人3.09bRMBFinancialLoss致傷人數(shù)NooftrafficaccidentTrafficAccident2023/10/29第9頁(yè)TrafficAccident2023/10/210第10頁(yè)

Combinedinjurytootherviscera-Fataltolife

Damagetomaxillofacialstructure

Stomatognathicdysfunction

Facialestheticproblem

PsychologicaltraumaEffectofTraumaontheHumanBody2023/10/211第11頁(yè)1.RichbloodsupplySection2CharacteristicsofOMFTrauma2023/10/212第12頁(yè)DebridementTime:24–48hTendto hematoma,edemaRespiratorytractAsphyxiaAbilitytoanti-infection,regenerationWoundhealing1.Richbloodsupply2023/10/213第13頁(yè)

Cerebralconcussion

Cerebralcontusion

Intracranialhematoma

Skullbasefracture

Increaseinfectiousincidence

Malocclusioncaused-Diagnosis

Occlusionregained-Treatment2.Relationshipbtwtooth&OMFtrauma3.Cranio-cerebraltrauma2023/10/214第14頁(yè)Mouthopening,mastication,swallowing4.Cervicaltrauma5.Effectonbreathing6.EffectofondigastricsystemBleedingParalysis 癱瘓LeadingdifficultybreathingdietworseoralhygieneAsphyxia窒息2023/10/215第15頁(yè)7.Multi-sinus

-contamination

InfectionOralcavityNasalcavityPharyngealcavityOrbitParanasalsinusBacteriaTempHumidity2023/10/216第16頁(yè)8.DamagetospecificstructureParotidGlandFacialN.TrigeminalN.SalivaryfistulaFacialparalysisRegionalnumbness2023/10/217第17頁(yè)9.FacialDefect

FacialcontourPsychologicaltrauma2023/10/218第18頁(yè)EvaluatetraumasoonIdentifythekeytrauma,managethefatalfirstCarefulhistorytaking,thoroughphysicalexamRescueintimeManagementinorderGeneralRulesSection3Rescue2023/10/219第19頁(yè)1.PreventionofAsphyxiaSection3Rescue2023/10/220第20頁(yè)Dysphoria,sweating,inhalingrespirationDifficulttoinhale,hypopnea,nasalalarmovement,labialcyanosisThreeconcavesigns、Rapidbreathing,weakpulse,decreasedBPPupilsdiluted,Noreflectiontolight1.1ClinicalfeaturesofasphyxiaProdrome2023/10/221第21頁(yè)1.2

EtiologyofAsphyxia

ForeignbodyobstructionInspiratoryAsphyxiaLowAirwaySwellingForeignbodyBlood,salivaVomitUpperairwayTissuedislocation

ObstructiveAsphyxia2023/10/222第22頁(yè)1.3

RescueofAsphyxiaClearforeignbodyinupperairwaySuspendmaxillaIntubationHoldthetongueoutObstructiveAsphyxia吸入性窒息氣管切開(kāi)術(shù)2023/10/223第23頁(yè)

2.HemostasiaTwosteps：JudgebleedingsituationChoosethewaytostopbleedingSection3Rescue2023/10/224第24頁(yè)2.1

JudgebleedingsituationThreecategoriesArterialCapillaryVenousBasedonorigin2023/10/225第25頁(yè)壓迫止血指壓止血法包扎止血法填塞止血法結(jié)扎止血法藥物止血法2.2

Methodsofhemostat2023/10/226第26頁(yè)3.Anti-shocktreatment(2)

Purposeofanti-shock(1)

Definition&Classification

TraumaticshockExsanguineshock

>20%BodyweightToxicshockInfectiousshock

Restorecirculation2023/10/227第27頁(yè)(4)

PrinciplesofTreatment

(3)

FeaturesofShockEarlystage:Dysphoria,quick&superficialbreath,sweating,palenessMiddlestage:Tingletosupression,emotionalfaint,unconsciousness,decreaseBP,labialpalenessLatestage:weakerpulsation,unmeasurableBP,hyponuria,anuria<30ml/hHemostasis,bloodtransfusion,paincontrol,fluidtransfusion,sedation2023/10/228第28頁(yè)(1)

Judgement4.CombinedCraniocerebralInjuriesConsciousness,pulse,BP,respiration,pupil(2)Earlydiscovery,earlymanagementRetrogradeobliviscence CerebralconcussionIntermediatewake-up ExtraduralhematomaCerebralfluidleak Skullbasefracture2023/10/229第29頁(yè)2023/10/230第30頁(yè)DebridementWoundclosureAntibiotics5.PreventionofInfection6.Bandage&Transportation2023/10/231第31頁(yè)

Section4SoftTissueTrauma2023/10/232第32頁(yè)Abrasions 擦傷Contusions 挫傷Contusions&Lacerations 挫裂傷Incised&PunctureWound 切割傷及刺傷BiteWound

咬傷TypesofinjuriesSection4SoftTissueTrauma2023/10/233第33頁(yè)Character:Irregularwoundedge,foreignbody,pain,oozing&yellowishplasmaoozingManagement:Debridement,removeforeignbody,Drywound,drainwheninfected1.AbrasionsProperty:roughsurfaceEpidermis&superficialdermis2023/10/234第34頁(yè)1.Abrasions2023/10/235第35頁(yè)2.ContusionsCharater:petechia,swelling,painManagement:

HemostasisPain-killerPreventionofinfectionHematomaresorptionRe-establishmentoffunctionProperty:bluntmaterial&felltohardobjectSubdermaltissue(noopenwound)2023/10/236第36頁(yè)P(yáng)roperty:Bluntobjectwithhighmechanicalforce3.Contusions&LacerationsCharacterIrregularwoundedge,saw-toothedBiglacerationw/wonecrotictissue&openfracturesManagementDebridementWoundClosureSofttissue2023/10/237第37頁(yè)3.Contusions&Lacerations2023/10/238第38頁(yè)P(yáng)roperty:Sharpobjectorinstruments4.Incised&PunctureWoundCharater

RegularwoundedgeBleedingSmallaccess,butdeepwoundManagementDebridementWoundclosureSofttissue2023/10/239第39頁(yè)P(yáng)roperty:Animal(Wolf,dog,Bear)orhumanbeingsCharacterToothtracedHeavycontaminationTendtoinfectionManagementThoroughdebridementInfectioncontrolSkingraftaftergranulartissueregeneratedVaccinationofTetanus,Rabies5.BiteWound2023/10/240第40頁(yè)DefinitionDebridement

MainEntry:de·bride·ment

Pronunciation:di-'brEd-m&nt,dA-,-"m?nt,dA-brEd-'m?n

Function:

noun

Etymology:Frenchdébridement,fromdébridertoremoveadhesions,literally,tounbridle,fromMiddleFrenchdesbrider,fromdes-de-+bridebridle,fromMiddleHighGermanbrIdel--moreatBRIDLE

:thesurgicalremovaloflacerated,devitalized,orcontaminatedtissue2023/10/241第41頁(yè)P(yáng)rotocol1.washwound

Time：6--12h

Solution:soapwater,saline,hydrogendioxideDebridement3.Closure2.Cleanwound

Removalofforeignbody Trimmingofnecrotictissue2023/10/242第42頁(yè)2023/10/243第43頁(yè)CheekinjuriesPalateinjuriesInjuriesatotherregionsManagementofsofttissureinjuriesTongueinjuriesLengthmaintain,longitudinalclosureIndependentclosure,buttonguesuturedominationBigneedlewithbig,depthsuturingormatricsuturing2023/10/244第44頁(yè)Managementofsofttissureinjuries2023/10/245第45頁(yè)2023/10/246第46頁(yè)Section5InjuryofTeethandDentalAlveolarProcess2023/10/247第47頁(yè)1.Toothinjuries

1.1ContusionofTeethEtiology:Extrinsicforce blunttoothinjuries

PeriodontalligamentsordentalpulpCharacter:ExtrusionoftoothMobilityPercussion&ToothachewhenchewingManagementToothrestToothgroundSimpleligation2023/10/248第48頁(yè)1.Toothinjuries

1.2LuxationofTeethClassificationCharacterToothdislocatedorexfoliatedManagementToothprotectionpriorityReductionFixationReimplantationPartialluxationCompleteluxation-Toothdislocation-Semiluxation-Intrusivemovement2023/10/249第49頁(yè)Gingivalorlabialswelling,lacerationAdjacentteethoralveolarprocessmoveme