2020屆山西省高三下學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底英語試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，請先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的a、b、c三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:howmuchistheshirt?a.￡19.15.b.￡9.18.c.￡9.15.答案是c。1.whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?a.findaplace.b.buyamap.c.getanaddress.2.whatwillthemandoforthewoman?a.repairhercar.b.giveheraride.c.pickupheraunt.3.whomightmr.petersonbe?a.anewprofessor.b.adepartmenthead.c.acompanydirector.4.whatdoesthemanthinkofthebook?a.quitedifficult.b.veryinteresting.c.toosimple.5.whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?a.weather.b.clothes.c.news.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的a、b、c三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.howlongdidmichaelstayinchina?a.fivedays.b.oneweek.c.twoweeks.7.wheredidmichaelgolastyear?a.russia.b.norway.c.india.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.whatfooddoessallylike?a.chicken.b.fish.c.eggs.9.whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?a.cookdinner.b.goshopping.c.orderdishes.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.wherearethespeakers?a.inahospital.b.intheoffice.c.athome.11.whenisthereportdue?a.thursday.b.friday.c.nextmonday.12whatdoesgeorgesuggeststephaniedowiththereport?a.improveit.b.handitinlater.c.leaveitwithhim.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?a.salespersonandcustomer.b.homeownerandcleaner.c.husbandandwife.14.howmuchrentshouldonepayfortheone?bedroomapartment?a.$350.b.$400.c.$415.15.whatkindofapartmentdothespeakersprefer?a.onewithtwobedrooms.b.onewithoutfurniture.c.onenearamarket.16.whereistheapartmentthespeakerswouldliketosee?a.onlakestreet.b.onmarketstreet.c.onsouthstreet.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.howlonghasthespeakerlivedinabigcity?a.oneyear.b.tenyears.c.eighteenyears.18.whatisthespeaker’sopiniononpublictransport?a.it’scomfortable.b.it’stime?saving.c.it’scheap.19.whatisgoodaboutlivinginasmalltown?a.it’ssafer.b.it’shealthier.c.it’smoreconvenient.20.whatkindoflifedoesthespeakerseemtolikemost?a.busy.b.colourful.c.quiet.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分60分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題3分，滿分45分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的a、b、c和d四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。avoteforthe2019timeforkidspersonoftheyear!timeflies!beforeweknowit,we’llberingingin2020.thetfkteamistakingalookbackat2019.whowasthemostimportantpersonoftheyear?readontolearnaboutallthenominees（被提名的人）,andthencastyourvote.we’llannouncethewinnerinmid?december.nowgettoit!everyvotecounts.since2016,chefjoseandresandtheteamathisnonprofitgroup,worldcentralkitchen,haveprovidedmealstosurvivorsofhurricanes,wildfires,andotheremergencies.in2019,hurricanedorianhitthebahamas.andrésandhisteamsprangintoaction.atpresstime,theyhadservedmorethan1.75millionmealsthere.swedishclimateactivistgretathunberg,16,isthefaceoftheyouthmovementforclimateawareness.inaugust,gretasetoutonazero?emissionssailacrosstheatlanticoceantospeaktoworldleadersatthe2019unitednationsclimateactionsummit.shewasnominatedforthisyear’snobelpeaceprizeandcontinuestoinspirepeopleofallagestofightforthehealthofplanetearth.dutchinventorboyanslatfoundedtheoceancleanupin2013.hisgoal:togetridofplasticspollutingtheworld’soceans.thisfall,slatannouncedthatthesystemwasfinallyworking.thedeviceisbeingusedinanareaofthepacificocean.nearly2trillionpiecesoftrashhavecollectedthere.slathopestogethalfofthetrashremovedby2025.authorjasonreynoldshaswrittenmorethanadozenbooksforkids.he’sa2019nationalbookawardsfinalistforyoungpeople’sliterature.inhisbooksandinreallife,reynoldsisconcernedwiththevoicesofblackchildrenandteenagers.in2019,hemadesome50visitstoclassroomsandconferences.hismission:toshowreadersthathevaluestheirstoriesasmuchastheyvaluehis.1.whyisgretanominatedforthisyear’snobelpeaceprize?a.sheisaswedishclimateactivist.b.shefightsforthehealthoftheearth.c.shesailedacrosstheatlanticoceanalone.d.shetriestogetridofplasticsintheoceans.2.whoisconcernedwithblackchildrenandteenagers?a.joseandes. b.boyanslat.c.jasonreynolds. d.gretathunberg.3.whatisthepurposeofthistext?a.toissueanofficialreport. b.tocallonreaderstovote.c.tointroducesomegreatworks. d.tocarryoutaregularreview.【答案】1.b2.c3.b【解析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了2019年的兒童年度人物相關(guān)信息，呼吁讀者為他們投票。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由gretathunberg中的shewasnominatedforthisyear'snobelpeaceprizeandcontinuestoinspirepeopleofallagestofightforthehealthofplanetearth.可知，她獲得了今年的諾貝爾和平獎提名，并繼續(xù)激勵著各個年齡段的人們?yōu)榈厍虻慕】刀鴬^斗。所以為什么葛麗塔被提名為今年的諾貝爾和平獎候選人是因?yàn)樗秊榈厍虻慕】刀鴳?zhàn)。故選b項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由jasonreynolds中的inhisbooksandinreallife,reynoldsisconcernedwiththevoicesofblackchildrenandteenagers.可知，在他的書和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，雷諾茲關(guān)注的是黑人兒童和青少年。所以jasonreynolds關(guān)心黑人兒童和青少年。故選c項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段readontolearnaboutallthenominees（被提名的人）,andthencastyourvote.we’llannouncethewinnerinmid?december.nowgettoit!everyvotecounts.可知，繼續(xù)往下讀，了解所有提名者，然后投票。我們將在?12月中旬宣布獲勝者?，F(xiàn)在開始吧!每一次投票都計(jì)數(shù)。由此判斷出本文的目的是呼吁讀者投票。故選b項(xiàng)。bfrederickphiriisthejunk?artkingofzambia:atjust22,hestartedtoearnaninternationalreputationforbeingabletomakecomplexandelegantsculpturesfromscrapmetal（金屬廢料）foundinhiscommunity.phiri’sfatherdiedwhenhewasstartingprimaryschool.thenhismotherabandonedhimandhehadtostaywithhisgrandfather.hisgrandfatherpaidforhisschoolingthroughprimaryschoolbutwhenheenteredsecondaryschool,hehadtogetvariousjobstopayforhisfees.yeteveninschool,hewasalwaysdrawingandmakingthingsinclass.aftergraduating,hedidwhathecouldtosupporthimselfbymakinganimalsculpturesfromwiresandsoldthemtotourists.hisworkwassopopularthatitcaughttheeyeofkarenbeattie,directorofprojectluangwa,anonprofitdedicatedtoeducationandeconomicdevelopmentincentralafrica.“iintroducedhimtoalocalwelder（焊工）,”beattietoldnewsweek.in2017,phiriworkedwithweldermosesmbeweduringtherainyseason,helpingtomakeacomplexsetofdoorsforprojectluangwa.thepiecesparkedanideainbeattie’smind:“ihandedhimabunchofscrapmetalandsaid,‘makesomethingwiththis.’andhedid.itwaswonderful.”today,phiricontinueshisart,usingpiecesofjunkpeoplebringhim—keys,brokenbikechains,oldmetalplugsandwhateverscrapmetalislyingaround.hethenturnsthejunkintoabstractanimals—elephants,cranes,giraffes,chameleons—andsellsthematprojectluangwaheadquarters.thecommunityhasrecognizedhistalents.“mydreamistoearnenoughtostudyartattheevelynhonecollegeinlusakaandbeabletomakealivingfromit,”phirisaid“.andthentomakeverylargesculptures.”4.whatisphiriknownfor?a.servinghiscommunity.b.collectingworksofart.c.beingthekingofzambia.d.turningtrashintotreasure.5.whatcanwelearnaboutphirifromparagraph2?a.hehadanunhappychildhood.b.hepaidforhisprimaryschool.c.hehadtosupporthisgrandfather.d.hemissedschooltodopart?timejobs.6.howdoesphirifeelabouthisfuture?a.uncertain. b.confident.c.depressed. d.satisfied.7.whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?a.aroughroadtosuccessb.thejunkartkingofzambiac.ayoungman’swildestdreamd.themodernjunkworksofart【答案】4.d5.a6.b7.b【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了贊比亞能將金屬廢物變成精致的雕塑的垃圾藝術(shù)之王frederickphiri的相關(guān)信息。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段frederickphiriisthejunk?artkingofzambia:atjust22,hestartedtoearnaninternationalreputationforbeingabletomakecomplexandelegantsculpturesfromscrapmetal（金屬廢料）foundinhiscommunity.可知，frederickphiri可以把本社區(qū)的金屬廢物變成精致的雕塑，能化廢為寶。所以frederickphiri以把垃圾變成財富而聞名。故選d項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第二段“thenhismotherabandonedhimandhehadtostaywithhisgrandfather.”可知，phiri小時候并不幸福，遭到遺棄，他和爺爺生活在一起。由此判斷出從第二段我們可以了解到他有一個不幸的童年。故選a項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段mydreamistoearnenoughtostudyartattheevelynhonecollegeinlusakaandbeabletomakealivingfromit,”phirisaid“.andthentomakeverylargesculptures.”可知，phiri的夢想是掙到足夠的錢去盧薩卡的evelynhone學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)，并以此謀生。然后制作非常大的雕塑。由此判斷出phiri對自己的未來充滿憧憬，充滿自信。故選b項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。由第一段frederickphiriisthejunk?artkingofzambia:atjust22,hestartedtoearnaninternationalreputationforbeingabletomakecomplexandelegantsculpturesfromscrapmetal（金屬廢料）foundinhiscommunity.可知，frederickphiri可以把本社區(qū)的金屬廢物變成精致的雕塑，化廢為寶。所以短文報道了贊比亞能將金屬廢物變成精致的雕塑的垃圾藝術(shù)之王frederickphiri的相關(guān)信息。故短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“贊比亞的垃圾藝術(shù)之王”。故選b項(xiàng)。【點(diǎn)睛】根據(jù)文章中人物所說的話的內(nèi)容是解決推理判斷題的重要方法，因?yàn)橥ㄟ^所說的內(nèi)容，我們可以判斷出，作者所要想表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是積極的還是消極的，是中立的還是支持或者否定某一方，對事情是關(guān)心的還是冷漠的。是在提出建議還是在提出具體的解決措施。由最后一段mydreamistoearnenoughtostudyartattheevelynhonecollegeinlusakaandbeabletomakealivingfromit,”phirisaid“.andthentomakeverylargesculptures.”可知，“我的夢想是掙到足夠的錢去盧薩卡的evelynhone學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)，并以此謀生，”phiri說。然后制作非常大的雕塑。由此判斷出phiri對自己的未來充滿憧憬，充滿自信。故小題3選b項(xiàng)。canelectricflyingvehiclecalledskaiwasshownyesterdaynearlosangeles,california.skaiismadebyalaka’itechnologies.thevehiclehassixrotors（旋翼）ontheroofandseatsinsideforfivepeople.likeadrone（無人機(jī)）,thevehiclefromalaka’itechnologiestakesoffandlandsvertically（垂直地）.it’soneofmanysimilarelectricflyingvehiclesinproduction,includingonesfromboeingandairbus.butmostofthemarepoweredbybatteries,whichcanaddalotofweight.theskaiinsteadusesverylighthydrogenfuelcellstorunitsrotors,givingitarangeof400miles（644kilometers）andthecapacitytocarry1,000pounds（454kilograms）inpeopleorgoods,thecompanysays.alaka’isaysit’splanningatestflightnearitsmassachusettsheadquarters.itwillbeflownbyanon?boardpilot（飛行員）,butthetechnologyexiststoeventuallyflyitremotelyandevenautonomously.however,itwillbeyearsbeforethefederalaviationadministration（faa）allowstheautonomousflightofpassengervehicles,saidthaddeuslightfoot,whohelpscompaniesnavigatefaarules.“drone?likevehiclessuchastheskaimustfirstsimplyprovetheirairworthiness,likeanycommonplane.afterthat,gettingcommercialcertificationisanothercomplexprocess.thetechnologyisinteresting,buttheregulatoryroadwillbeverylong,”saidlightfoot,addingthattheideaofallowingpeopletoflyinalargeaircraftwithoutapilotis“welloutsidethecurrentregulatorysystem.”hanvey,ceoofalaka’itechnologies,saidthatitcouldtakeatleastadecadebeforethecompanyrealizeshisgoalofelectricflyingvehiclesferryingpassengersovermajorcitiesatnearly120mph.beforethat,hehopestoseeskaiaircraftusedbyfirstresponderstosendinfoodorwaterfollowingdisasterslikehurricanesorwildfires.itcouldalsoserveasamobilecelltower,stayingintheskyforupto10hoursoveraneighborhoodtoprovidecommunicationservices,hesaid.8.whatistheadvantageoftheskai?a.itisquitelight. b.itusesbatteries.c.itcarriesmorepeople. d.itlandsautonomously.9.whatcanweinferaboutthepilotlessflightofpassengervehicles?a.itcostsalot.b.itsavesenergy.c.itisnotreadilyavailablenow.d.itwillsoongetapprovedbyfaa.10.accordingtothaddeuslightfoot,whatshouldtheskaidofirst?a.proveitssafetytofly. b.conductatestflight.c.getacommerciallicense. d.obeytheinternationalairlaw.11.whereistheskaiprobablyfirstusedaccordingtohanvey?a.inthecountryside. b.insomemajorcities.c.inmountainousareas. d.indisaster?strickenareas.【答案】8.a9.c10.a11.d【解析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了一款氫動力空中出租車skai的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段的butmostofthemarepoweredbybatteries,whichcanaddalotofweight.theskaiinsteadusesverylighthydrogenfuelcellstorunitsrotors.”可知，但是大多數(shù)都是由電池供電的，這會增加很多重量。相反，skai使用非常輕的氫燃料電池來驅(qū)動它的轉(zhuǎn)子。所以theskai的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于其重量很輕。故選a項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段however,itwillbeyearsbeforethefederalaviationadministration（faa）allowstheautonomousflightofpassengervehicles可知，然而，美國聯(lián)邦航空管理局(faa)還需要數(shù)年時間才能允許客運(yùn)車輛自主飛行。所以判斷出關(guān)于無人駕駛的客車飛行，我們能推斷出現(xiàn)在還不能使用。故選c項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段drone-likevehiclessuchastheskaimustfirstsimplyprovetheirairworthiness,likeanycommonplane.可知，像skai這樣的無人駕駛飛行器，必須首先證明它們的適航性，就像任何普通飛機(jī)一樣。所以根據(jù)撒迪厄斯·萊特福特的說法，theskai首先應(yīng)該證明它飛行的安全性。故選a項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段beforethat,hehopestoseeskaiaircraftusedbyfirstresponderstosendinfoodorwaterfollowingdisasterslikehurricanesorwildfires.可知，在此之前，他希望看到skai飛機(jī)被第一批回應(yīng)人員用來在颶風(fēng)或野火等災(zāi)難發(fā)生后運(yùn)送食物或水。所以根據(jù)漢維的說法，skai最早最先用在受災(zāi)地區(qū)。故選d項(xiàng)。ddrivingwhiletalkingonthephoneincreasesthelikelihoodofanaccidentandisactuallymoredangerousthandrivingdrunk,u.s.researchersreport.thisholdstruewhetherthedriverisholdingacellphoneorusingahands?freedevice.“asasociety,wehaveagreedonnottoleratingtheriskassociatedwithdrunkdriving,”saidresearcherfrankdrews,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyattheuniversityofutah.“thisstudyshowsusthatsomebodywhoisconversingonacellphoneisexposinghimorherselfandotherstoasimilarrisk—cellphonesactuallyareahigherrisk,”hesaid.inthestudy,40peoplefollowedapacecaralongaprescribedcourse,usingadrivingsimulator（模擬儀）.somepeopledrovewhiletalkingonacellphone,othersdrovewhiledrunk（meaningtheirblood-alcohollimitmatchedthelegallimitof0.08percent）,andothersdrovewithnosuchdistractions.theresearchersfoundanincreasedaccidentratewhenpeoplewereconversingonthecellphone.driversoncellphoneswere5.36timesmorelikelytogetinanaccident.thebottomline:cell?phoneusewaslinkedto“asignificantincreaseintheaccidentrate,”drewssaid.thephoneusersdidevenworsethantheinebriated,theutahteamfound.therewerethreeaccidentsamongthosetalkingoncellphones—alloftheminvolvingarear?ending（追尾）ofthepacecar.incontrast,therewerenoaccidentsrecordedamongparticipantswhoweredrunk.inresponsetosafetyconcerns,somestateshavedeclareditillegaltousehand?heldcellphoneswhiledriving.butthattypeoflawmaynotbeeffective,becausetheutahresearchersfoundnodifferenceindriverperformancewhetherthedriverwasholdingthephoneortalkingonahands?freemodel.“wehaveseenagainandagainthatthereisnodifferencebetweenhands?freeandhand?helddevices,”drewssaid.“theproblemistheconversation.thebestsolutiontotheproblemisobvious:don’ttalkonthephonewhileyouaredriving.”12.whichgroupofdriversperformedworstinthestudy?a.thosephoneusers.b.thosewhoaredrunk.c.thosefollowingapacecar.d.thosewithhearingproblems.13.whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“theinebriated”inparagraph5referto?a.thedrunkdrivers.b.theresearchers.c.thecell?phone?freedrivers.d.theutahteam.14.whatcanbeconcludedfromthelasttwoparagraphs?a.driverperformancehasnothingtodowiththeuseofmobilephones.b.itistimelytobantheuseofhand?heldphoneswhiledriving.c.theutahresearchersfindthetrafficsafetylawworksaswellasbefore.d.talkingonthephonewhiledrivingshouldbeavoided.15.inwhichsectionofanewspaperisthistextfrom?a.sports.b.economy.c.society.d.entertainment.【答案】12.a13.a14.d15.c【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要就司機(jī)在駕駛途中撥打或接聽電話這一現(xiàn)象可能會造成的一些問題進(jìn)行了研究和探討?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段theresearchersfoundanincreasedaccidentratewhenpeoplewereconversingonthecellphone.driversoncellphoneswere5.36timesmorelikelytogetinanaccident.可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)人們打電話時，事故率會增加。使用手機(jī)司機(jī)發(fā)生交通事故的可能性要高出5.36倍。所以開車打電話的司機(jī)在研究中表現(xiàn)最差。故選a項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】詞義猜測題。由第五段therewerethreeaccidentsamongthosetalkingoncellphones—alloftheminvolvingarear?ending（追尾）ofthepacecar.incontrast,therewerenoaccidentsrecordedamongparticipantswhoweredrunk.可知，在那些打電話的人當(dāng)中有三起事故ーー所有這些事故都涉及到跑車的追尾。相比之下，在喝醉的參與者中沒有事故記錄。由此判斷出這里是打電話的駕駛員和那些醉酒的駕駛員作對比，可推出此處theinebriated指代的是醉酒駕駛者。故選a項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段thebestsolutiontotheproblemisobvious:don’ttalkonthephonewhileyouaredriving.可知，解決這個問題的最好辦法很明顯：開車時不要打電話。由此判斷出從最后兩段可以得出的結(jié)論是開車時不要打電話。故選d項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。本文講述研究表明開車打電話比酒后駕車更糟。由此判斷出此篇屬于社會現(xiàn)象類的短文，這篇文章來自報紙的社會版面。故選c項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】由上下文的語境是解決詞義猜測題的重要解題方法。劃線詞的意思往往是我們要猜測的意思。我們可以通過已知的上下文的詞匯或者句子來猜測未知的意思。由第五段therewerethreeaccidentsamongthosetalkingoncellphones—alloftheminvolvingarear?ending（追尾）ofthepacecar.incontrast,therewerenoaccidentsrecordedamongparticipantswhoweredrunk.可知，在那些打電話的人當(dāng)中有三起事故ーー所有這些事故都涉及到跑車的追尾。相比之下，在喝醉的參與者中沒有事故記錄。由此判斷出這里是打電話的駕駛員和那些醉酒的駕駛員作對比，可推出此處theinebriated指代的是醉酒駕駛者。故小題2選a項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。experienced?basededucationeveryoneisfamiliarwithtraditionaleducation.yousitinaclassandateacherteaches.thisisanimportantpartofdevelopment.butatsomepoint,everyindividualhastotakechargeoftheirowneducation.todothis,onemustlookattherootoflearning.___16___basicallyunfamiliarexperiencesusuallyaddmorevaluethanexperiencesthatarefamiliar.___17___andweareinabetterstatetolearnsomethingnew.honestly,someonewhoneverexperiencesthesamethingtwicewillneverhaveachancetobenefitfromanythinglearned.however,newexperiencesaregenerallywhatmakepeopleinterestingandpushthemtogrow.highschoolisanewexperience.collegeisanewexperience.however,atsomepointtraditionaleducationbecomesrepetitive.itisnotthatyouwon’tlearnanythingelse,butthattheenvironmentissofamiliar.___18___tosolvethis,anindividualneedstointroducenewexperiencesintotheirlife.youmayspendasummerinadifferentpartofthecountryorlearnanewlanguagethroughtrialanderror.youcanalsogotoadrive?inmovie（orsomeotherentertainmenteventthatisnewtoyou）.___19___thesetypesofexperiencesoftenresultinverylittle“bookknowledge”.instead,theywilloftenprovideyouwithabetterunderstandingofyourselfasyouexperienceyourreactiontodifferentsituations.____20____itcanbeinvaluableforyoutoworkeffectivelywithothers.becomingawell?roundedhumanisn’tsomethingthathappensbyaccident.youcanspendyourentirelifetimedevelopingyourpotential.a.haseducationchangedsomuchinthelastdecade?b.theywillalsoprovideyouwithabetterunderstandingofothers.c.thosenewexperiencesmaynotleadtogreatpersonaldevelopment.d.theseareallthingsthatcanstretchandexpandyourexperienceinlife.e.thisisbecauseunfamiliarexperiencesrequiremuchmoreofourattention.f.asaresult,youcaneasilybecomelessawareofyourexperienceandnotlearnasmuch.g.whatmakessomeexperiencesaddgreatvaluetoourliveswhileotherexperiencesdonot?【答案】16.g17.e18.f19.d20.b【解析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了是什么讓一些經(jīng)歷給我們的生活增加了巨大的價值，而另一些卻沒有?！?6題詳解】由下文basically,unfamiliarexperiencesusuallyaddmorevaluethanexperiencesthatarefamiliar.可知，基本上，不熟悉的經(jīng)歷通常比熟悉的經(jīng)歷更有價值。所以上文是對選項(xiàng)的回答，且選項(xiàng)統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文。故g選項(xiàng)“是什么讓一些經(jīng)歷為我們的生活增添了巨大的價值，而另一些卻沒有?”切題。故選g項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】由下文andweareinabetterstatetolearnsomethingnew.可知，我們處在一個更好的狀態(tài)，會學(xué)習(xí)一些新的東西。所以選項(xiàng)與后一句為并列關(guān)系，且在解釋選項(xiàng)上一句的原因。故e選項(xiàng)“這是因?yàn)椴皇煜さ慕?jīng)歷需要我們更多的注意力”切題。故選e項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】由前文itisnotthatyouwon’tlearnanythingelse,butthattheenvironmentissofamiliar.可知，這并不是說你不會學(xué)到別的東西，而是環(huán)境太熟悉了。所以選項(xiàng)與前句為因果關(guān)系。故f選項(xiàng)“因此，你很容易對自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)缺乏意識，也學(xué)不到很多東西”切題。故選f項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】由前文youmayspendasummerinadifferentpartofthecountryorlearnanewlanguagethroughtrialanderror.youcanalsogotoadrive?inmovie（orsomeotherentertainmenteventthatisnewtoyou）可知，你可以在一個不同的地方度過一個夏天，或者通過反復(fù)試驗(yàn)來學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語言。你也可以看汽車電影(或其他娛樂事件這對你來說都是新的)。所以選項(xiàng)是對空前所敘述的三個例子的總結(jié)。故d選項(xiàng)“這些都可以擴(kuò)展你的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)”切題。故選d項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】由前文instead,theywilloftenprovideyouwithabetterunderstandingofyourselfasyouexperienceyourreactiontodifferentsituations.可知，相反，它們會讓你在體驗(yàn)不同情況下的反應(yīng)時，更好地了解自己。所以選項(xiàng)與前文話題相關(guān)且為并列關(guān)系。故b選項(xiàng)“他們也會讓你更好地理解別人”切題。故選b項(xiàng)。第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分55分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的a、b、c和d四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。colorado’sgrayspeak（格雷斯峰）rises14,278feetabovesealevel,highenoughthattreescan’tgrowtowardthetop.itwasinthisdifficultenvironmentthatcindywas____21____enoughtoinjureherleftknee.itwasaugust2018,andcindy,56,wasonherwaybackdownthetrail（小路）withthreefriends.asastormwascoming,theywere___22___togetoffthemountain.whenthey___23___arockydropofacoupleoffeet,cindy____24____thatinsteadofmovingdownslowly—thesafewaytogo—shewould___25___.shelandedonherleftleg.thenshefeltasharp___26___inherleg.every____27____afterthatwasextremelypainful.beforelong,shehadto____28____.asonefriendrandowntoget___29___,anumberofotherhikers,allstrangers,___30___tohelpcindydownthenarrowtrailbywalkingoneithersideofhertosupporther___31___,butthatprovedslowanddangerous.finally,onehiker,matt,askedher,“howdoyoufeelaboutafireman’s___32___?”beforesheknewit,hehad___33___heroverhisshoulder.“now,i’mnottiny,”sayscindy,aformercollegebasketballstar.___34___mattcouldn’tcarryherallthewaydownbyhimself.sosixhikersandoneofherfriends___35___carryingher.threehoursandtworock?strewnmileslater,thishumanconveyorbelt___36___themedicalworkersintheend,who___37___cindytothenearbyhospital.nowshehasmostly____38____fromherunluckyhike,butcindyknowsshe’llnevershakeonethingfromthatday:the___39___ofthebandofstrangerswhocametoher___40___.“i’mstillmovedtotears.”21.a.uncertain b.strange c.surprised d.unfortunate22.a.serious b.anxious c.afraid d.normal23.a.cleared b.visited c.missed d.approached24.a.decided b.noticed c.complained d.reminded25.a.return b.arrive c.jump d.wait26.a.pain b.drop c.shock d.relief27.a.goal b.step c.choice d.stage28.a.leave b.continue c.follow d.stop29.a.money b.advice c.help d.courage30.a.happened b.attempted c.refused d.hesitated31.a.weight b.family c.opinion d.equipment32.a.carry b.image c.career d.style33.a.touched b.seized c.threw d.lifted34.a.bravely b.naturally c.clearly d.gradually35.a.putoff b.tookturns c.burstout d.feltlike36.a.met b.recognized c.ordered d.escaped37.a.introduced b.allowed c.invited d.rushed38.a.travelled b.recovered c.regretted d.suffered39.a.experience b.practice c.memory d.excitement40.a.contact b.senses c.rescue d.terms【答案】21.d22.b23.d24.a25.c26.a27.b28.d29.c30.b31.a32.a33.d34.c35.b36.a37.d38.b39.c40.c【解析】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了cindy在下山時不幸傷到了她的左側(cè)膝蓋，得到一群陌生人的幫助，她的朋友以及其他的登山客組成一條“人肉”傳送帶，用接力的方式將她背下山的故事。這使cindy終生難忘他們的幫助。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：正是在這種惡劣的地形下，cindy不幸傷到了她的左側(cè)膝蓋。a.uncertain不確定的;b.strange陌生的；c.surprised驚訝的；d.unfortunate不幸運(yùn)的。由injureherleftknee可知，cindy傷到了她的左側(cè)膝蓋，這是很不幸地。故選d項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：暴風(fēng)雨就要來了，他們急著要下山。a.serious嚴(yán)肅的；b.anxious焦慮的；c.afraid害怕的；d.normal正常的。由asastormwascoming可知，暴風(fēng)雨就要來了，他們急著要下山。故選b項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們接近幾英尺高的巖石落差時，cindy決定，與其一扭一擺得下去——這是一種安全的方式——不如縱身一跳。a.cleared清理；b.visited參觀；c.missed想念；d.approached接近。由前文可知，暴風(fēng)雨就要來了，他們急著要下山，這時他們接近幾英尺高的巖石落差。故選d項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們接近幾英尺高的巖石落差時，cindy決定，與其一扭一擺得下去——這是一種安全的方式——不如縱身一跳。a.decided決定；b.noticed注意；c.complained抱怨；d.reminded想起。由insteadofmovingdownslowly—thesafewaytogo—shewould___5___可知，這是cindy做出的決定。故選a項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們接近幾英尺高的巖石落差時，cindy決定，與其一扭一擺得下去——這是一種安全的方式——不如縱身一跳。a.return返回；b.arrive到達(dá)；c.jump跳躍；d.wait等待。由arockydropofacoupleoffeet可知，cindy縱身一跳。故選c項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后她感到腿部一陣劇痛。a.pain痛苦；b.drop降落；c.shock震驚；d.relief寬慰。由afterthatwasextremelypainful可知，cindy感到腿部一陣劇痛。故選a項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：之后的每一步都是痛苦的。a.goal目標(biāo)；b.step步驟；c.choice選擇；d.stage階段。根據(jù)常識可知，腿部一陣劇痛，每走一步都很疼痛。故選b項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析句意：不久，她不得不停下來。a.leave離開；b.continue繼續(xù)；c.follow跟誰；d.stop停止。疼痛難忍，所以cindy停了下來。故選d項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一個朋友跑下來尋求幫助時，許多其他的徒步旅行者，都是陌生人，嘗試在cindy兩邊架著支撐她的體重來幫助她走下狹窄的山路，但是這樣既緩慢又危險。a.money錢；b.advice建議；c.help幫助；d.courage勇氣。由下文thishumanconveyorbelt___16___themedicalworkersintheend,who___17___cindytothenearbyhospital.可知，cindy的一個朋友跑下來尋求幫助。故選c項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)一個朋友跑下來尋求幫助時，許多其他的徒步旅行者，都是陌生人，嘗試在cindy兩邊架著支撐她的體重來幫助她走下狹窄的山路，但是這樣既緩慢又危險。a.happened發(fā)生；b.attempted嘗試；c.refused拒絕；d.hesitated猶豫。由上文可知，cindy得左側(cè)膝蓋受傷，不能行走，所以陌生人嘗試在cindy兩邊架著支撐她的體重來幫助她走下狹窄的山路。以免使cindy感到痛苦。故選b項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)一個朋友跑下來尋求幫助時，許多其他的徒步旅行者，都是陌生人，嘗試在cindy兩邊架著支撐她的體重來幫助她走下狹窄的山路，但是這樣既緩慢又危險。a.weight重量；b.family家庭；c.opinion觀點(diǎn)；d.equipment裝備。由bywalkingoneithersideofher可知，兩邊架著cindy是為了吃撐她的體重，減輕腿部壓力，以免造成損傷和疼痛。故選a項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，有個登山者馬特問她，“你覺得讓一個消防員扛著你怎么樣？a.carry運(yùn)載；攜帶；b.image映像；c.career職業(yè)；d.style風(fēng)格。由mattcouldn'tcarryherallthewaydownbyhimself.可知，馬特扛起了cindy。故選a項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：cindy還沒反應(yīng)過來時，他已經(jīng)將她舉到自己的肩上。a.touched觸摸；b.seized奪??；c.threw投；d.lifted抬起。由overhisshoulder可知，馬特將cindy舉到了自己的肩上。故選d項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：馬特顯然不能一直扛著她下山。a.bravely勇敢地；b.naturally自然地；c.clearly顯然地；d.gradually逐漸地。由sosixhikersandoneofherfriends___15___carryingher.可知，馬特顯然不能一直扛著她下山。故選c項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：所以6個登山者和她的一個朋友輪流扛著她下山。a.putoff推遲；b.tookturns輪流；c.burstout突然……起來；d.feltlike想要。6個登山者和她的一個朋友輪流扛著她下山，畢竟每個人的體力都是有限的。故選b項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：三個小時后，他們走過兩英里的遍地巖石的山路后，終于遇到了醫(yī)護(hù)人員，他們把韋德爾施泰特送到了醫(yī)院。a.met遇見；b.recognized認(rèn)出；c.ordered命令；d.escaped逃跑。由who___17___cindytothenearbyhospital.可知，他們終于遇到了醫(yī)護(hù)人員。故選a項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：三個小時后，他們走過兩英里的遍地巖石的山路后，終于遇到了醫(yī)護(hù)人員，他們把cindy趕緊送到了醫(yī)院。a.introduced介紹；b.allowed允許；c.invited邀請；d.rushed趕緊送。根據(jù)常識可知，受傷的病人應(yīng)該趕緊送到了醫(yī)院，爭取最佳治療時間。故選d項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：cindy基本上已經(jīng)從這次倒霉的徒步旅行中恢復(fù)過來了，但是她知道從那天起她將永遠(yuǎn)無法忘記一件事：一群陌生人救了她，使她終生難忘?！拔胰匀恍膽丫次贰！?。a.travelled旅行；b.recovered恢復(fù)；c.regretted后悔；d.suffered遭受。cindy接受了治療，基本上已經(jīng)從這次倒霉的徒步旅行中恢復(fù)過來了。recoverfrom“從中恢復(fù)過來”。故選b項(xiàng)。【39題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：cindy基本上已經(jīng)從這次倒霉的徒步旅行中恢復(fù)過來了，但是她知道從那天起她將永遠(yuǎn)無法忘記一件事：一群陌生人救了她，使她終生難忘?！拔胰匀恍膽丫次贰盿.experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)；b.practice實(shí)踐；c.memory記憶；d.excitement興奮。由副詞“now”可知，現(xiàn)在，基本上已經(jīng)從這次倒霉的徒步旅行中恢復(fù)過來了。所以她不會忘記的是過去的記憶。故選c項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：cindy基本上已經(jīng)從這次倒霉的徒步旅行中恢復(fù)過來了，但是她知道從那天起她將永遠(yuǎn)無法忘記一件事：一群陌生人救了她，使她終生難忘。“我仍然心懷敬畏。”a.contact聯(lián)系；b.senses感覺；c.rescue救助；d.terms。學(xué)期。由上文可知，一群陌生人救助了cindy。使cindy終生難忘。故選c項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。everyoneisfamiliarwithato?dolist,butmostpeopl