標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案第一次Whydosmokerstendtoweighlessthannonsmokersandgainweightwhentheygiveupthehabit?Contraryto“commonknowledge”,nonsmokersdonotgenerallyeatmorethansmokers,nordotheyexerciseless,studiesfind.Researchperformedonsmokersatrestindicatesthatnicotine(尼古丁)itselfcanincreasebasalmetabolic(新陳代謝的)rates,meaningsmokersburnmoreenergythannonsmokersduringperiodsofinactivity.Butsurveyssuggestmostsmokerssmokenotwhilecompletelyatrest,butwhileperforminglightactivitiessuchasdeskworkthatcanincreasemetabolicratesbytwoorthreetimes.Unlessnicotine’smetaboliceffectsincreaseproportionallywithmetabolicrates,itsinfluenceonweightmightbeinsignificant.Nowastudyshowsthatnicotine’seffectsonbody-fuelconsumptionindeedincreaseproportionallywithincreasesinactivity.“Theseresultsindicatethatthemetaboliceffectofnicotinemayplayagreaterpartinaccountingforbody-weightdifferencesbetweensmokersandnonsmokersthanwaspreviouslybelieved,”saysKennethA.PerkinsandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine.Theresearchersgaveanicotinenosespraytoindividualsperforminglightwork—inthiscaseridinganexercisebicyclemodifiedtoalloweasyridingwhilesubjectsremainseatedinacomfortablearmchair.Theactivityraisedrestingmetabolicratestwotothreetimes.Byanalyzingairbreathedout,theresearcherscalculatedenergyconsumptioninthearmchairbicyclistsbeforeandaftergivingthenosesprayandcomparedtherelativechangeswithsubjectsinthecontrolgroupgivenplacebo(（試驗藥物用的）無效對照劑)nosesprays.Relativetotheirbaselinebicycleexpenditures,individualsinthenicotinegroupexpendedconsiderablymoreenergythandidthoseincontrolgroupwhiledoingthesameamountofwork.Withnicotine,Perkinssays,“It’sasifthebodyisbecomingmuchlessefficientinusingitsstoredenergy.”Whiletheresultsmayseemdiscouragingtosmokerswho’dliketoquitwithoutgainingweight,Perkinsnotesthatwalkinganextramileadayshouldmakeupforthedifferenceinmetabolicefficiency.Andhesayssmokerswouldhavetogain“wellmorethan50pounds”tocounterbalancethehealthrisksofcontinuedsmoking.1.Whatmight“commonknowledge”sayaboutsmokersandnonsmokers?A)

Smokerseatmoreandexercisemorethannonsmokers.B)

Smokerseatlessandexerciselessthannonsmokers.C)

Smokerseatlessandexercisemorethannonsmokers.√D)

Smokerseatmoreandexerciselessthannonsmokers.答案：C2.Whenmightnicotineinfluencesmokers’weightsignificantly?A)

WhenNicotine’smetaboliceffectsandmetabolicratesincreaseatthesamerate.√B)

Whilesmokersareexercising.C)

Whilesmokersareatrest.D)

WhenNicotine’smetaboliceffectsincreaseproportionallywiththeamountoflightactivities.答案：A3.Theword“subjects”inthefourthparagraphmeans.A)

peopleundermedicaltreatmentB)

researchersC)

peopleundergoinganexperiment√D)

addictedsmokers答案：C4.Whathavetheresearchersfoundoutintheirstudy?A)

Peopleinthearmchairexpendedmoreenergythanpeopledoingdeskwork.B)

Peopleinthecontrolgroupbreathedoutmoreair.C)

Peoplewithoutnicotinenosesprayarebecomingmuchlessefficientinusingenergy.D)

Peopleinthenicotinegroupconsumedmoreenergy.√答案：D5.Whydothestudyresultsseemdiscouragingtosomesmokersaccordingtothepassage?A)

Becausetheywanttogainweighttotacklethehealthrisksofcontinuedsmoking.B)

Becausetheywanttoquitsmokingandstillkeepfit.√C)

Becausetheywanttowalkinganextramileadaytolosesomeweight.D)

Becausetheywanttokeepfitwithouthavingtoquitsmoking.答案：BAcertainamountofcontroversyhasbeencausedbythepublicationofanewreportbyateamofeducationalistsheadedbyPro.B.J.Smith.Thereportclaimstohavestatisticalevidencethatchildrenwhoattendanumberofdifferentschoolsthroughtheirparentshavingtomovearoundthecountryaremorethannormallyvulnerabletoaviciouscycleoflowacademicachievement.Therearealsoindications,saysProfessorSmith,ofanunusuallyhighrateofpsychologicaldismayamongsuchchildren.Theprofessor,whohaslongsuspectedthattheeffectonchildrenwhoseparentstraveltodifferentpartsofthecountryinsearchofworkhasnotbeensufficientlyresearched,stressesthatthisisnotmerelyanexpressionofprejudice.“Wearenotdealingherewithopinions,”hesays,“It’strue,mypersonalfeelingisthatforchildren’swell-being,theyshouldstayinoneschool.However,ourfindingsarebasedonresearchandnotonanypersonalattitudesthatIormycolleaguesmayhaveonthesubject.”Capt.ThomasMuller,anArmylecturerforthepast20yearsandhimselfafatheroftwo,said,“I’veneverheardsuchrubbish.AsfarasI’mconcerned,absolutelynoharmisdonetotheeducationofchildrenwhochangeschoolsregularly—aslongastheykeeptothesamesystemasinourArmyschool.Inmyexperience—andI’veknownquiteafewofthem—Armychildrenareaswell-adjustedasanyothers,ifnotmoreso.WhattheProfessordoesn’tappeartoappreciateisthefactthatinsuchsituationschildrenwilladaptmuchbetterthanadults.”

WhenthiswasputtoProfessorSmith,hesaidthatatnotimehadhisteamsuggestedthatallsuchchildrenwerebackwardordismayedinsomeway,butsimplythatintheirexperiencetherewasacleartendency.

“Ourfindingsindicatethatwhiletheextremelybrightchildcancopewithregularemotionalturbulencewithoutharminghisorhergeneralacademicprogress,themajorityofchildrensufferfromconstantlyhavingtoenteranewlearningenvironment.”6.WhatdoesProfessorSmith’sreportsuggest?A)

Childrenshouldn’tchangeschoolstoooften.√B)

Childrenwhohavetomovearoundthecountryarebetteratacademicachievement.C)

Childrenattendingmanyschoolshavecausedacertainamountofcontroversy.D)

Childrenwhoattenddifferentschoolsaremorevulnerabletoviciousdiseases.答案：A7.WhatdoesProfessorSmiththinkofthefindingsoftheresearch?A)

Theyareprovedbytheresearch.√B)

Theyarejustbasedonhispersonalfeeling.C)

Theymaymerelybeanexpressionofprejudice.D)

Theyarebasedonpersonalattitudes.答案：A8.WhatdoesCapt.ThomasMullerthinkofchildrenwhochangeschoolsregularly?A)

Theycanactuallydealwiththenewenvironmentbetterthanadults.√B)

Theydonoharmtotheeducation.C)

Theyfinditdifficulttokeeptothesamesystem.D)

Theyaregenerallyill-adjusted.答案：A9.HowdoesProfessorSmithdefendhimselfagainCapt.ThomasMuller?A)

Hesuggeststhatchildrenhavingregularemotionalturbulencedonotharmtheiracademicprogress.B)

Hearguesthatonlyafewchildrenwillsufferfromchangingschoolsregularly.C)

Hestressesthatthemajorityofchildrentendtosufferfromconstantlyadaptingtoanewlearningenvironment.√D)

Hebelievesthatextremelybrightchildlikestoenteranewlearningenvironment.答案：C10.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A)

Howarmychildrengetusedtoanewlearningenvironment.B)

Whetherchildrenwouldbeaffectedbychangingschoolsregularly.√C)

TheprocedureProfessorSmithfollowedtoconductastudy.D)

Theopinionspeoplehaveaboutchildrenwhooftenchangeschools.答案：BRecentlytherehasbeenatendencytosympathizewiththieveswhoseoperationshavebeencarriedoutonagrandscale,andnoattemptwhateverhasbeenmadetoholdthemresponsible.Someofthemostthievish(像竊賊的)transactionshaveflourishedandarestillflourishing.Theirsuccessandtheirwealtharetheonlythingsrecognized.Theyarehonoredasfinanciersandmenofaffairs,lookeduptoandrespected.

Inrealitytheyarenothingmoreandnothinglessthanalotofmercilessandheartlessthieves.Fraudisfraudandcheatingischeatingdespitetheartisticmannerinwhichitiscommittedorthesizeofthescaleuponwhichitisoperated.

Itistimethesemenwereclassedproperlyandplacedwheretheyrightlybelong,fortheyarenobetterthanthemiserablesneak-thiefwhostealsapennyfromablindman’sdog.

Forthepasttwoorthreeyearsworkingpeoplewhohavemadesacrificestosaveafewpennieshavebeencheatedmostunmercifully.Theirhard-earnedsavingshavebeenstolenfromthembyeverypossibleschemefromtheobviouslooting(打劫)ofabanktothehigherandmoreartisticmethodoflegalizedhighrisk,complexfinancialproducts.Menhighupinthefinancialworldhavelenttheirnamestosomeofthemostshadyandnotoriousschemesthateverdishonoredacommunityorapeople.Becauseofthisthemostdiligentandeconomical(節(jié)儉的)Americanpeoplehavebeeninducedtoplacetheirhard-earnedandcarefullyguardedsavingsinwhattheywereledtobelievewasasafeinvestment,onlytofindoutwhentoolatethattheyhadfallenintothehandsofagangofextremelyrespectablecheats.Theycannotrecoverwhattheyhavelost.

Thethiefistoopowerfultobeaffectedbythelawwhilethevictimistooweaktoputitsmachineryinmotion.Itmaybethatthelawisdefective,oritmaybethatthosehavingitsmachineryinchargeareinfluencedbythewealthofthetransgressors(違犯者).Whateverorwhicheveritisthatisresponsibleoughttobeinvestigatedandtheevilremedied.11.Whatdoesthetendencymentionedinthefirstparagraphreflect?A)

Peopleencouragesomeofthemostthievishtransactionstoflourish.B)

Peopleonlyrespectsuccessandwealthwithoutanymoraljudgment.√C)

Peopleprefertocarryoutoperationsonagrandscale.D)

Peoplehavemadeattempttoholdthievesresponsible.答案：B12.Howdidworkingpeoplelosetheirhard-earnedsavings?A)

Theylenttheirmoneytomenhighupinthefinancialworld.B)

Theywerecheatedbythebank.√C)

Theywereunluckyininvestment.D)

Theywererobbedbythethievesnearby.答案：B13.Whenthewritersays“agangofextremelyrespectablecheats”inParagraphFour,itisimpliedthat.A)

theyarewell-educatedbutill-behaved√B)

theyarerespectableinartisticcheatingC)

theyarecheatswithrespectablegoalsD)

theyarenotwell-educatedbutrespected答案：A14.Whatcouldbeapossiblereasonforthethievestoescapefromlawaccordingtothepassage?A)

Theyarepowerfulenoughtoignorethelaw.B)

Therearedefectsinthelaw.√C)

Theyarewealthyenoughtocompensatethevictims.D)

Thevictimistooweaktoinvestigatethem.答案：B15.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A)

therearetoomanythievesandrobbersB)

industriousandhonestpeopleshouldbehighlypaidC)

moralstandardsarealwaysupheldD)

anythiefshouldbepunished√答案：D

Peopleoftenaskwhichisthemostdifficultlanguagetolearn,anditisnoteasytoanswerbecausetherearemanyfactorstotakeintoconsideration.Firstly,inafirstlanguagethedifferencesareunimportantaspeoplelearntheirmothertonguenaturally,sothequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnisonlyrelevantwhenlearningasecondlanguage.

AnativespeakerofSpanish,forexample,willfindPortuguesemucheasiertolearnthananativespeakerofChinese,forexample,becausePortugueseisverysimilartoSpanish,whileChineseisverydifferent,sofirstlanguagecanaffectlearningasecondlanguage.Thegreaterthedifferencesbetweenthesecondlanguageandourfirst,theharderitwillbeformostpeopletolearn.ManypeopleanswerthatChineseisthehardestlanguagetolearn,possiblyinfluencedbythethoughtoflearningtheChinesewritingsystem,andthepronunciationofChinesedoesappeartobeverydifficultformanyforeignlearners.However,forJapanesespeakers,whoalreadyuseChinesecharactersintheirownlanguage,learningwritingwillbelessdifficultthanforspeakersoflanguagesusingtheRomanalphabet.

Somepeopleseemtolearnlanguagesreadily,whileothersfinditverydifficult.Teachersandthecircumstancesinwhichthelanguageislearnedalsoplayanimportantrole,aswellaseachlearner'smotivationforlearning.Ifpeoplelearnalanguagebecausetheyneedtouseitprofessionally,theyoftenlearnitfasterthanpeoplestudyingalanguagethathasnodirectuseintheirdaytodaylife.

Apparently,BritishdiplomatsandotherembassystaffhavefoundthatthesecondhardestlanguageisJapanese,whichwillprobablycomeasnosurprisetomany,butthelanguagethattheyhavefoundtobethemostproblematicisHungarian.ThisdoesnotmeanthatHungarianisthehardestlanguagetolearnforeveryone,butitcausesBritishdiplomaticpersonnel,whoaregenerallyusedtolearninglanguages,themostdifficulties.

Differentculturesandindividualsfromthosecultureswillfinddifferentlanguagesmoredifficult.InthecaseofHungarianforBritishlearners,itisnotaquestionofthewritingsystem,whichusesasimilaralphabet,butthegrammaticalcomplexity,thoughnativespeakersofrelatedlanguagesmayfinditeasier,whilestrugglingwithlanguagesthattheBritishfindrelativelyeasy.16.Whyisithardtosaywhichlanguageisthemostdifficulttolearn?A)

Becauseitisonlyrelevantwhenlearningasecondlanguage.B)

Becausedifferencesbetweenlanguagesareunimportant.C)

Becausepeoplelearntheirmothertonguenaturally.D)

Becausemanyfactorshavetobeconsidered.√答案：D17.WhowillfindPortuguesemucheasiertolearn?A)

AnativespeakerofJapaneseB)

AnativespeakerofHungarianC)

AnativespeakerofSpanish√D)

AnativespeakerofChinese答案：C18.WhatisthemostproblematiclanguagetoBritishdiplomatsandotherembassystaff?A)

JapaneseB)

SpanishC)

Hungarian√D)

Chinese答案：C19.WhydomanypeoplethinkChineseisthehardestlanguagetolearn?A)

BecausethepronunciationofChineseisdifficult.√B)

BecausethegrammarofChineseiscomplex.C)

BecauseChineseisnotdirectlyusedintheirlife.D)

BecauseChineseusestheRomanalphabet.答案：A20.Whatfactorscannotaffectlearningasecondlanguageaccordingtothepassage?A)

eachlearner'smotivationforlearningB)

neighboringcountries√C)

teachersandthecircumstancesD)

firstlanguage答案：B

In1976,WinklerwroteaMyTurnabouttheoverwhelmingreactiontothecharacterheplayedonthepopulartelevisionsitcom(情景喜劇),“HappyDays”.Theshowwasatitspeak,andFonziewasitssuperstar.Infact,AmericansrelatedsostronglytothecharacterthatWinklerbecameapparentlypermanentlypartofthecountry’sbroad,extendedfamily.Threedecadeslater,fansstillgreettheactorwithFonzie’ssignaturethumbs-upsignandalong,drawnout“Aaay!”

“Alltheseyearslater,thewarmthIamtreatedwithisunbelievable,andit’sallovertheworld,”Winklersays.Henolongerreceivesthe50,000fanlettersayearthathegotduring“HappyDays”’soriginalrun,buttheystillcomebythehundreds.Andonthestreet,folkstendtohaveacommonreaction.“Theythankmeformakingthemlaughforsolong.Theysay,‘Igrewupwithyou,’or‘mychildrengrewupwithyou,’or,‘wesatandwatchedittogether’,”hesays.

WinklersayshisFonziedayscamebacktohimvividlyashereadoverhisoldMyTurn.Castonhis28thbirthday,theYale-trainedperformerhadbeenastrugglingactor,dreamingoffame.Thedreamturnedrealveryquickly.“Wewerehardlyontheairwhenthisthingstartedtosnowball,goingfromzeroto60inaboutthreeseconds,”Winklerrecalls.

Today,Winklergivesspeechestocollegestudentsaboutlivingtheirdreams,focusingonhowtobecomeasuccessfulactor.“Ifyouaredetermined,haveasenseofhumorandnevertakeyoureyeoffwhatitisyouwant,youcanactuallyhaveit,”hesays.

Winklerisalsoatworkonhisfirstchildren’sbook,co-authoringwithLinOliver.Hewasrecentlynamedexecutiveproducerof“HollywoodSquares”andproducestheshow“Intuition”ontheGameShowNetwork.Hisnextmovie,“Holes”,basedonachildren’sbook,isscheduledforreleasethiswinter.InOctober2000,WinklermadehisBroadwaydebutcostarringwithJohnRitterintheshow“TheDinnerParty.”

Butthroughitall,WinklerremainsFonzie.“Ithinkheisthearchitectofmyhome,ofmyprofessionallife,andofmygoodfortuneintheworld,”Winklersays.“Heliterallyisthefoundationforeverythingthatwastocome.”21.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasfans’reactiontoFonzie?A)

FanswritelotsofletterstoWinklerformanyyears.B)

FansthankWinklerwhentheymeethimonthestreet.C)

FansgreetWinklerbyimitatingFonzie’ssignature.D)

FanssitandwatchthesitcomtogetherwithWinkler.√答案：D22.Whichofthefollowinginfluenceshimmostaccordingtotheauthor?A)

Thetelevisionsitcom“HappyDays”.√B)

Theshow“TheDinnerParty”.C)

Themovie“Holes”.D)

Theshow“Intuition”.答案：A23.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A)

Winklerspentlongtimestrugglingtomakehisdreamcometrue.B)

successfulactormusthaveasenseofhumor.C)

FanslikeWinklerasasuperstaronlyforafewyears.D)

Fonzieusuallyuttersalong,drawnout“Aaay!”in“HappyDays”.√答案：D24.Whatdoestheword“snowball”inParagraphthreemostprobablymean?.A)

throwatB)

aballmadeofsnowC)

growrapidly√D)

melteasily答案：C25.Whichofthefollowingistheauthorprimarilyconcernedwithinthispassage?A)

Winkler’sarticleMyTurnB)

Fans’reactiontoFonzieplayedbyWinklerC)

Winkler’slifeasanactorD)

Winklerandhissitcom“HappyDays”√答案：D第二次Wealllaugh.Weallhurt.Weallmakemistakes.Wealldream,that’slife.It’sajourney.Pleasefollowtheserulestomakethejourneyofyourlifeajourneyofjoy!Stayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainstgettingill,newstudyfindingssuggest.

Inanexperimentthatexposedhealthyvolunteerstoacoldorfluvirus,researchersfoundthatpeoplewithagenerallysunnydisposition(性格)werelesslikelytofallill.Thefindings,publishedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicine,buildonevidencethata“positiveemotionalstyle”canhelpwardoffthecommoncoldandotherillnesses.

Researchersbelievethereasonsmaybebothobjectiveasinhappinessboostingimmunefunctionandsubjectiveasinhappypeoplebeinglesstroubledbyascratchythroatorrunnynose.“Peoplewithapositiveemotionalstylemayhavedifferentimmuneresponsetothevirus,”explainedleadstudyauthorDrSheldonCohenofCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.“Andwhentheydogetacold,theymayinterprettheirillnessasbeinglesssevere.”

Cohenandhiscolleagueshadfoundinapreviousstudythathappierpeopleseemedlesslikelytocatchacold,butsomequestionsremainedastowhethertheemotionaltraititselfhadtheeffect.

Forthenewstudy,theresearchershad193healthyadultswithcompletestandardmeasuresofpersonalitytraits,self-perceivedhealthandemotional“style”.Thosewhotendedtobehappy,energeticandeasy-goingwerejudgedashavingapositiveemotionalstyle,whilethosewhowereoftenunhappy,tenseandhostilehadanegativestyle.Theresearchersgavethemnosedropscontainingeitheracoldvirusoraparticularfluvirus.Overthenextsixdays,thevolunteersreportedonanyaches,pains,orsneezing(打噴嚏)theyhad,whiletheresearcherscollectedobjectivedata.Cohenandhiscolleaguesfoundthatbasedonobjectivemeasuresofnasalwoes(鼻部的不適),happypeoplewerelesslikelytodevelopacold.1.Thenewstudyfindingsintheexperimentsuggestthat_________.A)

Havingagooddispositionismorelikelytogetill.B)

Beingoptimisticismoreprobabletokeephealthy.√C)

Havinganegativeemotionisharmfultothecharacter.D)

Stayingpositiveismorelikelytocatchcold.答案：B2.Thephrase“wardoff”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans“_________”.A)

shrugoffB)

giveinC)

keepaway√D)

setaside答案：C3.ItcanbeinferredfromDr.SheldonCohen’sinterpretationthat______________.A)

peoplewithapositiveemotionaremorelikelytointerprettheirillnessobjectively.B)

peoplewithanegativeemotionaremorelikelytoboostimmunefunctiontothevirus.C)

peoplewithanegativeemotionaremorelikelytointerprettheirillnesssubjectively.D)

peoplewithapositiveemotionaremorelikelytoregardtheirillnessaslessserious.√答案：D4.Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethatthebenefitsofhavingapositiveemotionalstyleare_____________.A)

tobefurtherstudiedB)

stilldubiousC)

self-evidentD)

provenbyscientificresearch√答案：D5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestTITLEforthepassage?A)

AHappyJourneyFullofJoyB)

ScientificEvidenceofStayingHealthyC)

TheSecretsofStayingPositiveD)

TheHealthBenefitsofStayingPositive√答案：DHowisitthatdespiteouramazingpowersofproductiontherearestillhundredsofmillionsofpeopleallovertheearthincontinuouswantandpoverty,anddangerouslynearthebrinkofstarvation?Whatarethecausesofpoverty?Everyoneisforcedtorealizeandrecognizeitsexistenceandnoonehasyetfoundacureforit.

Everythinkingmanhasrealizedthatpovertyandstarvationarenotinevitableintheschemeofthings.Onthecontrary,thefruitfulearthyieldsenoughforeveryoneofthehumanbeingsinhabitingitssurfacewithoutthetwisteddistributionofnature’sgenerosity(慷慨).Thistwistingiscausedbyourcrudeandilldevelopedideasofdistributionandtheimproperorderingofhumanservices.Inthefirstplace,theseservicescanbehinderedattheirsource,andamongthefactorsthatoperateinthisdirectionmaybewar,crime,lackofhealthysupervision,insufficientattentiontorisinggenerations,monopolies(壟斷)andvariousprivateownershipsthatlimittheusefulnessofproperty,andneglectedandwastefuldestructionofproperty.

Inthesecondplace,thegreatcauseofpovertyisunproductiveconsumption.Servicesbecomeunproductivewhentheyaredevotedtosupplyingluxuriesoranexcessivequantityofnecessaries,whichmaybesummedupinasingleword:waste.Thesearetheprimarycausesofpoverty;theyareresponsibleforthepresenceofstarvation.

Istherearemedy?

Theeliminationofwastethroughperfectproductionanddistributionisaproblemthatisslowlybutsurelybeingsolvedbythegreatcombinationsofcapitalthathavedestroyedcompetition.Thesemonopolies,selfishintheextremeandwithnothoughtbeyondprofitatanyprice,arerenderingususefulservicebyteachingustheimportanceofcooperationandcooperativemethods.Whenthesegreatindustrialcombinations,thesewonderfullysmoothrunninggreatbusinessmachinesbecomethepropertyofallthepeopleandceasetobeoperatedforprivategain,agreatstepwillhavebeentakeninthedirectionofthesolutionofthestarvationproblem.Wheneveryonewillproduceaccordingtohisabilityandconsumeaccordingtohisneeds,then,andnotuntilthenwillpovertyandstarvationdepartentirelyandforeverfromthemindsofmen.6.Accordingtothepassage,starvation_____.A)

isduetoexcessiveconsumptionbyhumanbeingsB)

isinevitableinwhateverconditionC)

isowingtotheimproperdistributionofnature’sgenerosity√D)

istheresultofinsufficientproduction答案：C7.Whichofthefollowingcanhinderhumanservicesattheirsource?A)

Crimeandlackofwealthysupervision.B)

Privateownershipsandunproductiveconsumption.C)

Waranddestructionofproperty.√D)

Luxuriesandanexcessivequantityofnecessaries.答案：C8.WhydoesunproductiveconsumptionisconsideredasthegreatcauseofpovertyinParagraphThree?A)

Becausepeoplestopproducingbutonlyconsume.B)

Becausepeoplewhodon’tproduceareresponsibleforthepresenceofstarvation.C)

Becausepeopledevotetoomuchtoluxuriesanddon’tproduceanything.D)

Becausepeoplearesuppliedwithexcessivequantityofnecessariesandwastealot.√答案：D9.Howtoeliminatewastethroughproductionanddistributionaccordingtothepassage?A)

Byseekingprofitatanypriceandbeingselfish.B)

Bycooperatingandmakingtheindustrialcombinationspublicproperty.√C)

Bycreatingmoremonopoliestomakemoreprofits.D)

Byprivatizingbusinessmachinesandteachingtheimportanceofcooperation.答案：B10.Whencanthestarvationproblembesolvedaccordingtothepassage?A)

Whenthegreatindustrialcombinationsceasetobeoperatedforprivategain.B)

Whenprivatemonopoliesbecomepublicpropertyandtheelementofprofitiseliminated.C)

Whenproductionisorganizedbasedonpersonalcapabilitiesanddistributiononindividualneeds.√D)

Whenefficiencyofproductionhasbeengreatlyenhanced.答案：C

MYNEIGHBORHASAGUN.Infact,nothavingthegoodfortunetoliveinthelasthouseonadead-endstreet,Iamsurroundedbyneighborswithguns.Mysituationishardlynovel,sincemostAmericanhouseholdsownatleastoneweapon.Wenowhaveenoughprivatelyownedgunstoarmnearlyeveryman,womanandchildinthecountry.Andsomeofthosechildrenarenotjustimaginarygunusers,asrecentstatisticsindicate.

Myneighbors’gunsmakemenervous;I’mafraidthattheymightgooffatthewrongtime,pointedinthewrongdirection.I’veaskedwhysuchdangerousitemsareallowedtoclutterupthehouse.I’vegottenseveralanswers,fromconstitutionalrightstotheinnocentsportofblastingbirdsoutoftheskies.I’dliketofocusonjustoneofthesereasons.

Myneighbortellsmethatcurlingupatnightwithhisgunnearbymakeshimfeelsafer.Saferfromwhat?Amadmanouttobetterthegoingentryinthe“GuinnessBookofWorldRecords”forbloodybrutality?Myneighborfacesfarlessdangerfromthementallyillkiller,whofortunatelyisextremelyrare,thanhedoesfrommyotherneighborwhoalsohasagun.Contrarytothepublicmyth,mentalpatientshavecrimeratesfarbelowthoseofmyneighbororme;forallcategoriesofcrimeandforhomicideinparticular.Oneofthefewsafeplaceslefttoliveinthisgun-packingcountryisonthegroundsofyourlocalmentalhospital,wheretheresidentsarefarlessaggressivethanmyneighborandgunsarecheckedinatthegate.

Saferfromsomeintruder(侵入者)inthenightseekingtodeprivehiswifeofhervirtueorhimofhisnewcolortelevision?Accordingtobestavailableestimates,myneighbor’soddsofdoinghimselfinaccidentallywithhisowngunareaboutfivetimeshigherthanhisoddsofbeingdoneinbysomeintruder.Asagunowner,myneighborwouldbebetteradvisedtoinvesthismoneyinlocksandalouddog.Actually,theintruderinthenightaccountsforfewe