《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

襄樊電大劉翠平Cross-culturalCommunication《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第一講

日常談話中的文化差異1A.GreetingsandFarewells

WesternerscomingtoChinaalwaysfeelsurprisedtobetoldthattheChinesepeopleoftengreetpeoplewith你吃飯了沒有？This,ofcourse,isacommonChinesegreetingaroundmealtimeandthepeoplemerelynoddedwithasmile,wavedgoodbyeandwentoff.AsweallrealisethatthisremarkwasnothingmorethanaChinesewayofsayingHelloorHi.IfthegreetinghadbeenputliterallyintoEnglishHaveyoueatenyet?OrHaveyouhadyourlunch?Itwouldhavesoundedratherunusual.《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第一日常談話中的文化差異2

ToAmericanthegreetingmightmeanthis:“Ihaven’teither.Comeon,let’sgotogetherandgetsomethingtoeat,”or“ifyouhaven’t,Iwasjustgoingtoinviteyoutomyplace.”Inotherwords,itcouldindicateaninvitationtoameal.WhenChinesepart,theyusuallysaygood-bye,bye-bye.ButusuallyinChina,it’sacustomtosay請留步，慢走，走好，慢點騎等等。B.WaysofAddress《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第一日常談話中的文化差異4OnecaninferfromtheprecedingthattheChinesecustomofaddressingmembersofone’sfamilyrelativesorcloseneighborsas二哥，三姐，四嬸，周大伯shouldnotbecarriedoverintoEnglish.AnothercommonChineseformofaddressistheuseofaperson’stitle,office,oroccupation,suchas黃局長，林經(jīng)理，李校長。ButoneseldomhersEnglishspeakersaddressingothersasbureauDirectorSmith,ManagerJackson,PrincipalMorris.《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第一日常談話中的文化差異5C.Complimentsandpraise

AmericanandChinesehavedifferencesinreplyingtocompliments:AmericanstendtoacceptthecomplimentwhileChinesegenerallymurmursomereplyaboutnotbeingworthyofthepraise.D.MiscellaneousSocialAmenitiesBothChineseandEnglishhaveexpressionsforgratitude,apologies,remarksprecedingarequest;forexample,thereare謝謝，對不起，請……Thankyou,I’msorry,Excuseme.Onthewhole,theyarequitesimilarandpresentnoproblem.However,evenamongthese,therearecertaindifferences.《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第二講語言中的文化差異1Ⅰ.CulturalConnotationsofWords:

A.Imageandculture形象與文化狗：dogE-neutralwordC-(withderogatorysense)如：走狗/看家狗/賴皮狗/痛打落水狗/狗東西/狗腿子/狗膽包天/狼心狗肺/狗急跳墻/狗血噴頭《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第二語言中的文化差異2Getthedogputondogloveme,lovemydog.Letthesleepingdoglie.Everydoghasitsday.獅子lionApersonfelttobelikealionespeciallyincourage,ferocity,dignityordominance《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第二語言中的文化差異41）materialism≈唯心主義（追求物質(zhì)享受，物質(zhì)主義）；2）idealism≈唯心主義（理想主義）；在英語中，idealism作為（“理想主義”解時，他的對立面就是materialism,前者具有不圖私利，為理想而奮斗的意思，而后者卻具有貪圖物質(zhì)享受、貪圖私利的意思?！犊缥幕浑H》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第三講新詞語11.利用現(xiàn)有的反義詞構(gòu)成新的復(fù)合反義詞，例如；原詞新詞Nightmare夜間惡夢daymare晝夜惡夢Hotline熱線coldline冷線Braindrain人才外流braingain人才流入《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第三新詞語33.通過詞的轉(zhuǎn)義，形象性地表達(dá)某種概念，發(fā)人聯(lián)想，例如；原義轉(zhuǎn)義Apple蘋果屈從白人的印地安人Bottomline結(jié)算盈虧的地線最后結(jié)果、要點……《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第四講顏色詞1Inthischapter,theculturalassociationsofcertaincolorswillbediscussed,with“colorful”phrasesandexpressionsinbothEnglishandChineseusedasillustration.《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第四顏色詞2White白色所引起的聯(lián)想有一些是相似的。Purity潔白，純潔，innocence清白無辜在漢譯英時，應(yīng)注意有“白”字的詞語。如；白菜Chinesecabbage白熊polarbear白費invain白開水boiledwater《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第四顏色詞3BlackInbothEnglishandChinesetherearevarioustermsindicatingthatblackisoftenassociatedwithnegativequalities;blackist,黑名單：blackmarket,黑市black-hearted黑心的Intheblack-----hasagoodmeaning:runningabusinessprofitably.《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第四顏色詞4BlueInEnglish,blueisusuallyassociatedwithunhappyfeelings.Inabluemood;havingablues---asadgloomyordepressedmood情緒低沉，抑郁AblueMonday倒霉的星期一Blueblood貴族bluebook藍(lán)皮書《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第五禁忌與婉語2Indifferentcultures,somewordsorexpressionsaretobeavoided.Thereareverbaltaboos.Peoplesofdifferentculturesdonotallagreeonwhataretaboos.EnglishandChinesehavecertainareasofagreementontaboos.HumanexcretionSexandcertainpartsofthebodyistabooinbothcultures.《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第五禁忌與婉語3

Age,income,maritalstatus,politicsandreligionetcareconsideredimpropertoaskastrangerorapersonthatonedoesnotknowwell.Euphemism1.Pregnant2.W.C,toilet3.Gotothetoilet4.Prostitute5.Old6.Fat《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第六典故2Inmostlanguages,peopleembellishtheirspeechorwritingwithreferencestocharactersoreventsfromtheirhistory,legends,literature,religion,etc.Suchreferences---allusions---notonlymakethelanguagericher,butalsomakecommunicationmuchmorevividandofteneasier.InChinese,你這個人真Qor她是個林黛玉式的人物conveyssomuchinformationthathardlyanyfurtherexplanationneedstobemake.《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理

第六典故3OthercharactersornamesfromShakespeare’splaysorlaterEnglishandAmericanliteraturethathavealsobecomecommonhouseholdtermsinclude;1)AShylock貪婪，殘忍的守財奴2)aSherlock