英語(yǔ)：譯林牛津版高中語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)大全英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)（模塊1-模塊4）語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)一：定語(yǔ)從句（一）定義1)在復(fù)合句中（一個(gè)句子的某一成分由句子擔(dān)當(dāng)），修飾某一名詞或代詞從句叫定語(yǔ)從句或形容詞從句；在句中起定語(yǔ)的作用.2)被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞antecedent1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.先行詞關(guān)系代詞定語(yǔ)從句2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.先行詞關(guān)系代詞定語(yǔ)從句(二)：關(guān)系代詞的作用;1.連結(jié)主句和從句。2.代表被修飾的先行詞。3.在定語(yǔ)從句做一個(gè)句子成分。eg.ThisistheroomwhichIlivedinlastyear.先行詞關(guān)系代詞定語(yǔ)從句(三)：定語(yǔ)從句中相關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,which,that,as.關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等指引定語(yǔ)從句。（四）：用關(guān)系代詞仍是用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞起代詞的作用，關(guān)系副詞起副詞的作用，所以相同的先行詞，采納什么樣的關(guān)系詞，要由它在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬜饔脕?lái)決定。詞行先行詞充任成分who人主、賓、表關(guān)Whom人賓系That人&物主、賓、表代詞Which物主、賓、表As物主、賓Whose=ofwhom\ofwhich人&物定語(yǔ)When=at\in\on\duringwhich時(shí)間狀關(guān)Where=at\in\towhich地點(diǎn)狀系Why=forwhich原由狀副詞that在口語(yǔ)中能夠取代關(guān)以上三者狀系副詞Thisistheplacewherewework.（vi.）(關(guān)系詞所做的成分重點(diǎn)是有從句中的動(dòng)詞來(lái)決定的)Thisistheplacewhichwevisited.(vt.)種類(lèi)先行詞關(guān)系詞例句說(shuō)明（人）在whoThisisthedoctorwhosavedthewho在從句中做主語(yǔ)定從句中做boy’slife.whom在從句中做賓語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)或賓這就是救了孩子生命的醫(yī)生。口語(yǔ)中who能夠取代語(yǔ)SheisthenewstudentwhomIwantwhom，也能夠被省去，tointroducetoyou.但做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只好用語(yǔ)她就是我要介紹給你的新學(xué)生whom物在從句whichPleasepassmethebookwhichis從中做主語(yǔ)lyingonthetable.which在從句中做主語(yǔ)。或賓語(yǔ)請(qǐng)遞給我擺在桌上的那本書(shū)。which充任賓語(yǔ)時(shí)能夠ThenovelwhichTomboughtis省去。veryinteresting.句湯姆買(mǎi)的小說(shuō)很存心思。Canyoulendmethemagazinewhich做介詞賓語(yǔ)不可以aboutwhichyoutalkedyesterday?省你能把昨天談到的那本雜志借給我嗎？whose

Theprofessorwhosedaughterteachesyouwhose在從句中做定EnglishisDr.Williams語(yǔ)定

人

那位教授是威廉斯他的女兒教你英語(yǔ)。

指某人的也能夠或Theprofessor,thedaughterofwhom用?ofwhom取代從物teachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams.whose句的Thebikewhosebrakewasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.指物也能夠用?of那壞了的自行在已修睦了。which取代whose=ThebikethebrakeofwhichwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepairedthatThewomanthatisplayingthepianoisMissthat指人做主人Zhang.正在琴的那位女是小姐。或I’dliketoseethefilmsthatarejustonthat指物做主show.我想看那些上映的影。種先行關(guān)例句明Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthings先行分表示人物

andpersonsthattheyrememberinthe和物，關(guān)系代要用all,littlemuchthat和some,anyevery,no組成的合成代人或that物

school.他起他所得起的學(xué)校里的人和事，了大有半個(gè)小。I’lltellyouall(that)Iknowaboutit.我要告你我所知道件事的全部狀況。Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?有什么我能夠幫助做的事？I’vebroughteverything(that)youneed.我把你需要的西都拿來(lái)了。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.

that，不用who或which先行表示物，關(guān)系代用that不用which,在從句中做可省去。假如先行是人，關(guān)系代不受制，用that或who(whom)均可是我看的最好的一部影。先行被形容最Thefirstplacethatwe’llvisitisBeijing高或序數(shù)修Library.時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句用that引我們要觀光的第一個(gè)地方是北京圖書(shū)室導(dǎo)。thatHeistheonlypersonthatisbelievable.先行詞被theonly,他是獨(dú)一靠譜的人。thevery,thesame等定人Johnistheverypersonthatshewantstosee.約翰正是她要見(jiàn)的人。語(yǔ)WhoisthemanthatistalkingwithTom?正在和湯姆講話的人是誰(shuí)？從或Whichofthebooksthatyouboughtiseasytoread?句你買(mǎi)的那些書(shū)中哪一本簡(jiǎn)單讀。物

修飾時(shí)用關(guān)系代詞that.當(dāng)主句以who、which開(kāi)頭的特別疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句要用thatwhenHecameatatimewhenwe.neededhim在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)時(shí)most.他在我們最需要的時(shí)候來(lái)了。間狀語(yǔ)We’llneverforgetthedaywhenthePeople’s間RepublicofChinawasfounded.我們永久不會(huì)忘掉中華人民共和國(guó)建立的那天。注：先行詞是time,minute,moment,nexttime極少用關(guān)系副詞when,可用that但平常省去。whereThisistheroomwhereheputupforthe在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)night.這就是他渡留宿晚的那房屋。原由whyIknowthereasonwhyshestudiessowell.在定語(yǔ)從句中作原由狀語(yǔ)原由我知道她學(xué)習(xí)好的原由。Thisistheplacewherework.（vi.）(關(guān)系詞所做的成分重點(diǎn)是有從句中的動(dòng)詞來(lái)決定的)Thisistheplacewhichwevisited.(vt.)（五）：限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的差別限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句從句與先行詞的關(guān)系從句是先行詞不可以缺乏的定從句但是對(duì)先行詞的附帶說(shuō)語(yǔ)，假如省去，主句的意思就明，假如省去,主句的意思仍舊會(huì)不圓滿或不明確。清楚或圓滿標(biāo)點(diǎn)從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)從句和主句之間平常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)關(guān)指人who(that)whom指人who（作主語(yǔ)）whom（做系指物which(that)賓語(yǔ)）代人和物whose指物which詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可人和物的whose以省去關(guān)系代詞一般不可以省修飾從句只修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞能夠修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞也可修飾整個(gè)主句翻譯定語(yǔ)從句譯在被修飾詞的前面定語(yǔ)從句平常被譯成另一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子限制性非限制性形式上無(wú)逗號(hào)有逗號(hào)內(nèi)容上先行詞不是獨(dú)一的先行詞是獨(dú)一的，定語(yǔ)從句沒(méi)關(guān)緊迫。關(guān)系詞可用that,why.作賓語(yǔ)能夠省不可以用that,why。關(guān)系詞一限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句從句與先行詞的關(guān)系從句是先行詞不可以缺乏的定從句但是對(duì)先行詞的附帶說(shuō)語(yǔ)，假如省去，主句的意思就明，假如省去,主句的意思仍舊會(huì)不圓滿或不明確。清楚或圓滿標(biāo)點(diǎn)從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)從句和主句之間平常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)關(guān)指人who(that)whom指人who（作主語(yǔ)）whom（做系指物which(that)賓語(yǔ)）代人和物whose指物which詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可人和物的whose以省去關(guān)系代詞一般不可以省修飾從句只修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞能夠修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞也可修飾整個(gè)主句翻譯定語(yǔ)從句譯在被修飾詞的前面定語(yǔ)從句平常被譯成另一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子略律不省。先行詞名詞或代詞名詞或代詞，也能夠使整個(gè)句子漢語(yǔ)翻譯譯作定語(yǔ)譯成并列句1．二者差別比較限制定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，同先行詞之間一般不加逗號(hào)，僅修飾先行詞，能夠由關(guān)系代詞．關(guān)系副詞或that來(lái)指引。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句僅作增補(bǔ)或說(shuō)明，用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個(gè)主句，不可以用that指引。Hehasabrotherwhoisaphysicist.Hehasabrother,whoisaphysicist.(只有一個(gè))HereturnedallthebookswhicharewritteninEnglish.Hereturnedallthebooks,whicharewritteninEnglish.Iwillwearnoclotheswhichwillbeoutofordinary.Iwillwearnoclothes,whichwillbeoutofordinary.Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.Mysister,wholivesnextdoor,isadoctor.I’msureIknowthepersonwhoservedme.Tom,whoservedus,istheowneroftherestaurant.Astudentwhostudieshardwillmakegoodprogress.Thestudent,wholivesfarfromschool,istheleaderoftheirfootballmatch.（六）

關(guān)系代詞

that和

which

的差別<1>．只好用

that的狀況(1)假如先行詞是

all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none

，few.等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。比方：Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.Everythingthatwesawwasinteresting.I’minterestedineverythingthatIdonAllthatisneededisasupplyofoil.

’tknow.(2)假如先等詞被

all,littlenoneany,only,few,

much,no,some,

very

等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用

that,不用which.比方：

Ireadallthebooksthatyougavetome.ThisistheonlymoneythatIhaveinmypocket.AllthemoneythatwascollectedwasgiventotheHopeProject.(3)假如先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高等修飾或許先行詞是最高等時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用

that,不用

which。ThisisthefirstbookthatwaswritteninEnglish.ThisisthelastfactorythatIvisited.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthefunniestthingthatIeverheard.(4)假如先等詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast

修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用

that,不用

which.ThisistheonlybookthatIreallylike.Hewastheonlypersonintheofficethatwasinvitedtotheball.(5)先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用that。而不用who,which.比方：Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.(6)who,which開(kāi)頭的特別疑問(wèn)句中，關(guān)系代詞用that.Whoisthepersonthatisstandingthere?WhichofusthatknowsEnglishdoesn’tknowthis?whichofthenoveldoyoulikebest?(7)關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that.Ittookusmanyyearstomakethecitythatitistoday.Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.Chinaisn’tthecountryitusedtobe.先行詞是奇數(shù)詞或是序數(shù)詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that.YesterdayIcaughttwofish.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillaliveinthebasinofwater.(9)當(dāng)主句“therebe開(kāi)頭“時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用that指引的定語(yǔ)從句修飾該句型的主語(yǔ)。Therearefourdesksinthemiddleoftheofficethatareusedfortheteachers.(10)當(dāng)先行詞是“tobe后“面的表語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用that.Thisisthedictionarythatwasboughtinthebookstoreyesterday.<2>．只好用which的狀況非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不可以夠用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不可以夠省略。如：Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostofwhom、arewelleducated.Beijing,whichischinascapital,’isrichinculture.2)those/that+名詞后的定語(yǔ)從句用which指引。不可以夠用關(guān)系代詞that。Thatpenwhichhetookismine.Ashopshouldkeepthosegoodswhichsellswell.介詞后只用whichThisistheroominwhichhelived.Idon’tknowthemantowhomyoutalked.Thechaironwhichheissittingismadeofwood.which還有一種特別用法，它能夠指引從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，取代主句所表示的整體見(jiàn)解或部分見(jiàn)解。在這類(lèi)從句中，which能夠作主語(yǔ)，也能夠作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，不用that..比方：Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.先行詞是that時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用which.What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?關(guān)系代詞后邊有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，益用關(guān)系代詞which.HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelptoimproveyourEnglish.<3>．只用who,whom.而不用that的狀況(1)假如先行詞是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,those,ones等時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用who或whom，不用which.that。比方：Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.（2）當(dāng)先行詞是指人的會(huì)合名詞時(shí)，假如作這個(gè)名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用

which;假如指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用who。Mr.Smithcametovisitmyfamily,whowerewatchingTVthen.Ourclass,whichisaverygoodone,waspraisedagainatthemeeting.(3)當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的

后置定語(yǔ)或許在被切割的定語(yǔ)從句中，宜用關(guān)系代詞

whoPro.WangiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusatalkonhowtolearnEnglish.(4)當(dāng)先行詞用

-body

或-one

組成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用

whoWe’dbetternotbelieveinanyonewhowedon

’tknow.(5)當(dāng)先行詞是一個(gè)限制性的表示人的特命名詞時(shí)，常用

whoTheaunt/unclewhocametoseeuslastweekismybrother

’ssister.（七）．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞“是一個(gè)廣泛使用的構(gòu)造(1)介“詞＋關(guān)系代詞“能夠指引限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也能夠指引非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞能夠是

in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without

等，關(guān)系代詞只可用

whom

或

which,不可以用that。此中whom代表人，which代表物Whoisthecomradewithwhomyoushookhands?Heworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisariverGivemethebookthecoverofwhichisred(thecoverofwhich=whosecover)Heisthemanwhosefatherisateacher.=Heisthemanthefatherofwhomisateacher.ThisistheneighborhoodfromwhomIborrowedthebicycle.(2)fromwhere為“介詞＋關(guān)系副詞“構(gòu)造，但也能夠指引定語(yǔ)從句（不常用）。比方：Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown..（3）*關(guān)系代詞前的介詞怎樣確立？依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配Mr.Smithboughtanewhouseonwhichhespentallhismoney.依據(jù)先行詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配確立Therewasnowayinwhichitcouldbeboughtbacktotheearth.(inthisway)C.依據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思確立Thegaswithwhichdoctorscansavethepatientsiscalledoxygen.Thegaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.(4)*注意關(guān)系代詞的地點(diǎn)介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只好用which和whom不可以夠用that取代，也不可以省略；介詞在句尾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可which,that,whom,who,都行，并且還能夠夠省略。ThisisthedrawerinwhichIputmyletters.=Thisisthedrawer(which/that)Iputmylettersin.HaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotelettersthismorning?=Haveyouseenthepen(which/that)Iwroteletterswiththismorning?所以一個(gè)句子有時(shí)有多種用法如：那就是他工作的大學(xué)Thisisthecollegeatwhichheworks.Thisisthecollegethat/whichheworksat.Thisisthecollegewhereheworks.但像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)。比方：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.Thisisthebookwhich/thatIamlookingfor.ThisisthegirlIhavebeenlookingforthewholeafternoon.（八）whose指引從句的意義1）指人=ofwhom表示所修飾的“某（些）人的用做所修飾的先行詞的全部格。Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.指物=ofwhich表所修飾的“某物的“Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.Iliveintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth(whose+從句能夠用“ofwhich+從句”取代)（九）As與which是有區(qū)的A)相同之：都能夠用來(lái)引非限制性定從句，指代前面的主句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。which可做或表Hefailedoncemoreinthematch,whichwasagreatpity.Hesucceededinthecomposition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.區(qū)：1）as引的非限制性定從句地點(diǎn)靈巧，能夠位于主句前面．中或后邊，一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)，但which所引的非限制性定從句只好放在主句此后。比方：1)Asweallknow,Galileo’stheoryoffallingobjectsisright.Galileo’stheoryoffallingobjects,asweallknow,isrightGalileo’stheoryoffallingobjectsight,israsweallknow.Hewasthrownintoprison,whichgotroundthroughoutourvillageAsisexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknownbyeveryone.Hewaslateagain,whichmademeunhappyAsyouknow,heisgoodatEnglish.2.）

as有“如”

、“正如”、“像”、“正像”的含，

which

沒(méi)有。后邊的多是

see,know,expect,say,mention,report等。Bobdidanexcellentjob,aswehadexpected.Ourteamwonthegame,whichmadeushappy.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.Wearefacingtheproblemswhichwefacedyearsago.Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.Wehopetogetthetoolwhichheisusing.3.)as

在引限制性定從句多與

such

或

thesame用，能夠取代先行是人或物的名。thesame?assuch?.asThisisthesamestoryashetoldme.Ihopetogetsuchabookasheisusing4).as

也可獨(dú)使用，引非限制性定從句，作用相當(dāng)于

which?？纱硪粋€(gè)句子。比方：Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.5).as做主，此后必跟系，而which無(wú)此限制Themeetingwasputoff,aswaswhatwewanted.Hewasmurdered,asseemedtrue.6)as引從句，從句必和主句一致Shewasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpectedShewasmarriedagain,aswasunexpected77）thesame?as與thesame..that的區(qū)：前者修的是原物同的此后者修的就是先行ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.和我的那一只腕表是一的。ThisisthedamewatchthatIlost.著就是我的那一只腕表。（十）什么候that能夠省略？引同位從句，主從句，表從句不可以夠省略，且不做成分。Thename“whitewater”comesfromthefactthatthewaterinthesestreamsandriverslookswhitewhenitmovesquickly.It’sknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.(that置后可一省略)Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.(有可省，一般不省)2）從句中能夠省略Idon’tthink(that)youareright.3）that只有在定從句中做成分，可做主、、表。（十一）關(guān)系代做主，的復(fù)數(shù)取決于先行而不是關(guān)系代。Iwanttoseethefilmthatisonshow.Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhardwillnotpastheexam.(十二)oneofthe與?theoneofthe做?先行不一致。LiBaiisoneofthegreatestpoetsthathavelivedinChina.LiBaiistheoneofthegreatestpoetsthathaslivedinChina.ThisisoneofthebooksthatIhavebeenwritteninChinese.ThisistheonlyoneofthebooksthathasbeenwritteninChinese.Heisoneoftheboyswhoarewillingtodoit.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoiswillingtodoit.（十三）．關(guān)系副引的定從句1．關(guān)系副也能夠引定從句關(guān)系副在從句中分表示．地點(diǎn)或原由。關(guān)系副when在從句中充任狀，where充任地點(diǎn)狀，why充任原由狀。1)when表示,充任狀when=on/in/of/at?+whichIstillrememberthedaywhenIjointhepartyIwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.但注意：1.當(dāng)先行是表地點(diǎn)：place,room,mountain,airport等：time,day,year,month,week,等原由：reason等名,并且分在句中做地點(diǎn)、、原由狀，用where,when,why引。但是假如假如表示地點(diǎn)原由的名不做狀，而是做主，，或許表，必用關(guān)系代that/which來(lái)引而不是用where等。Istillrememberthedaythatwespenttogether。May1isthedaythatIwillneverforget。TheYangtzeGorgesisabeautifulplace(that/which)peopleallovertheworldlookforwardtovisiting.江三峽是個(gè)美的地方，全球的人都希望來(lái)參。Themoment(that/which)Iturnedaround,shehadleftanddisappearedinthecrowd.Isthisthereasonthathegaveusforbeinglate?ThisisthefactorythatwevisitedThatisthehousethathelivedin..Theplacethatwehadbeentowasfar.Theshopthat/whichwesawisbeautiful.2.當(dāng)先行bythetime,anytime,theway,everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime，關(guān)系不用when而用that.或省略ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.ThefirsttimeIsawhimwasin1980Bythetimehewas14hehadlearnedadvancedmathematics但假如time前無(wú)修,關(guān)系用thatwhen均可Iwillneverforgotthetimewhen(that)wemetforthefirsttime.3.當(dāng)先行way，關(guān)系用inwhich,that,或省略.Thisisthewaythat/inwhich/不加hesmiles.但注意：4.why表示原由（行只有一個(gè)reason），做原由狀。Why=forwhichThatisthereasonwhyhewaslate.（十四）學(xué)生簡(jiǎn)單出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。1.在定語(yǔ)從句中多加了賓語(yǔ)，如：SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome.SomeoftheboysIinviteddidn’tcome.Isthisthehorseyoudrewityesterday?Isthisthehorseyoudrewyesterday?2.把定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)弄錯(cuò)。Thosewhohasfinishedmayleavetheclassroomnow.Theykeyopenstheroomismissing.Thosewhohavefinishedmayleavetheclassroomnow.ThisisoneoftheriversinChinawhichflowsnorthward.ThisisoneoftheriversinChinawhichflowsnorthward.省略了定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞。Childreneatalotofsugaroftengetbadteeth.Childrenwhoeatalotofsugaroftengetbadteeth.Theykeyopenstheroomismissing.Theykeywhich/thatopenstheroomismissing.定語(yǔ)從句中加了節(jié)余的關(guān)系副詞或許是介詞。Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing.Thehousewherehelivesneedsrepairing.Thehousewhich/thathelivesinneedsrepairing.Thisisthetimeatwhenhe’smorelikelytobein.Thisisthetimewhenhe’smorelikelytobein.Thisisthetimeatwhichhe’smorelikelytobein.（十五）代有插入語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句who與whom的采納。擔(dān)主語(yǔ)成分時(shí)用who,擔(dān)賓格成分時(shí)用whom方法：要?jiǎng)澐质嵌ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中的插入語(yǔ)仍是主謂構(gòu)造。Jasonisamanwho(Ibelieved)ishonest.(去掉仍建立)JasonisamanwhomIbelievetobehonest.做賓語(yǔ)Thegirlwhowesupposedwasdrownedcameback.Thegirlwhowesupposedtobedrownedcameback.（十六）什么候宜用非限制性定從句1）當(dāng)先行是出名，平常用非限制性定從句，它自己就擁有特別性，無(wú)需在加限制。Shenzhen,whichisinSouthChina,isdevelopingrapidly.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotagarden.Mr.Smithboughtanewhouseonwhichhespentallhismoney.2)當(dāng)先行是擁有某一特點(diǎn)的人或許物中的一個(gè)，但跟非限制從句表示獨(dú)一的一個(gè)，compare:Herroomhasawindowwhichfacessouth.Herroomhasawindow,whichfacessouth.IhaveabrotherwhoisworkinginBeijing.Ihaveabrother,whoisworkinginBeijing.3.當(dāng)先行表示屬意，即表示某物，事物或人，此后所跟的定從句一般是非限制性的。Asleepisausefulanimal,whosewoolhasmanyuses.Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isnowplayedallovertheworld.語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)二：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般在的用法常性或性的作，常與表示腮度的狀用。狀：every?,sometimes,at?,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.客真諦，客存在，科學(xué)事。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.表示格言或警語(yǔ)中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.者必。注意：此用法假如出在從句中，即便主句是去，從句也要用一般在。例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..在刻的狀、能力、性格、個(gè)性。Idon'twantsomuch.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.比：

NowIputthesugarinthecup.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.第一句用一般在，用于操作演示或指明的示范性作，

表示言行的瞬作。再如：Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.

第二句中的

now

是行的志，表示正行家的作的客狀況，所此后句用一般在。2一般去的用法1）在確立的去里所生的作或存在的狀。狀有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。Wheredidyougojustnow?2）表示在去一段內(nèi)，常性或性的作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.3）句型：Itistimeforsb.todosth

"到??了

"

"??了"Itistimesb.didsth."

已了

"

"早??了"Itistimeforyoutogotobed.

你睡了。Itistimeyouwenttobed.

你早睡了。would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示'情愿某人做某事'I'dratheryoucametomorrow.wish,wonder,think,hope等用去，作探性的、求、建等。Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以你想要一些。比：一般去表示的作或狀都已成去，已不復(fù)存在。Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.(含：她已不在人。)Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.(含：她在活著)Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含：在住在肯塔基州，有可能指走開(kāi))注意：用去表示在，表示委宛氣。1）want,hope,wonder,think,intendDidyouwantanythingelse?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.

等。2）情could,would.Couldyoulendmeyourbike?3usedto/beusedtousedto+do："去經(jīng)常"表示去性的作或狀，但此刻已不存在。Motherusednottobesoforgetful.Scarfusedtotakeawalk.(去經(jīng)常漫步)beusedto+doing：??已感覺(jué)，或"于"，to是介，后需加名或名。Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.(在于漫步)典型例Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.It's69568442.A.didn'tB.couldn'tC.don'tD.can't答案

A.

本句沒(méi)有明確的狀，但從意上看

出，在聽(tīng)的候沒(méi)有聽(tīng)懂個(gè)作生在去，所以用去。一般未來(lái)shall用于第一人稱(chēng)，常被will所取代。will在述句頂用于各人稱(chēng)，在爭(zhēng)求意常用于第二人稱(chēng)。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst.Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?begoingto+不定式，表示未來(lái)。a.主的意，立刻做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?劃，安排要生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。有跡象要發(fā)生的事Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.be+不定式表未來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.beaboutto+不定式，意為立刻做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意：beaboutto

不可以夠與

tomorrow,nextweek

等表示明確未來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。5begoingto/will用于條件句時(shí)，

begoingto

表未來(lái)will表意向Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,you'dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.6beto和

begoingtobeto

表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。begoingto

表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.

(客觀安排

)I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(

主觀安排

)7一般此刻時(shí)表未來(lái)1）以下動(dòng)詞：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般此刻時(shí)表未來(lái)。這主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確立或安排好的事情。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.2）倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.4）在動(dòng)詞hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.用行家表示未來(lái)意："意"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。I'mleavingtomorrow.Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?在達(dá)成在達(dá)成用來(lái)表示從前已生或達(dá)成的作或狀，其果確實(shí)和在有系。作或狀生在去但它的影響在存在；也可表示持到在的作或狀。其組成：have(has)+去分。比去與在達(dá)成1）去表示去某生的作或表達(dá)去的事情，作；在達(dá)成去生的，去的事情在的影響，的是影響。2）去常與詳細(xì)的狀用，而在達(dá)成平常與模糊的狀用，或無(wú)狀。一般去的狀:yesterday,lastweek，?ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,詳細(xì)的狀共同的狀:thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once，before,already,recently，lately在達(dá)成的狀for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,不確立的狀3）在達(dá)成可表示持到在的作或狀，一般是延性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.去常用的非持性有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。例：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（看的作生了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（在的影響，影的內(nèi)容已知道了。）Whydidyougetupsoearly?（起床的作已生了。）Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?（有卷子，可能不公正爭(zhēng)。）ShehasreturnedfromParis.她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。Shereturnedyesterday.她是昨天回來(lái)了。HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在內(nèi)的狀可延)HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是的狀可持)HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(三年前入，joined短行。)Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.---WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White?---He'salreadybeensentfor.句子中若有去的副（如yesterday,last,week,in1960），不可以夠使用在達(dá)成，要用去。（）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.用于在達(dá)成的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime構(gòu)?中.的that從句部?分，用在達(dá)成。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.2）Thisisthe?that構(gòu)?，that從句要用在達(dá)成

.ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.是我看的最好的影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.是我第一次聽(tīng)他唱歌。典型例---Doyouknowourtownatall?No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming答案B.Thisisthefirsttime后邊所加從句在達(dá)成，故B。(2)---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?---No,it'sthefirsttimeI___here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome答案D.ever意為從前或不論何時(shí)，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于達(dá)成時(shí)。ThisisthelargestfishIhaveeverseen.Itis/wasthefirsttime+that-clause的句型中，從句要用達(dá)成時(shí)。注意：非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否認(rèn)形式能夠與表示連續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是能夠連續(xù)的。（錯(cuò)）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（對(duì)）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.12比較since和forSince用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作初步時(shí)間，for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作連續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn..Myaunthasworkedinaclinicsince1949.Somenewoilfieldshavebeenopenedupsince1976.IhaveknownXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.MybrotherhasbeenintheYouthLeaguefortwoyears.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.注意：其實(shí)不是有for作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用此刻達(dá)成時(shí)。Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我此刻已不在這里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(此刻我仍在這里工作。)小訣竅：當(dāng)此刻達(dá)成時(shí)+一段時(shí)間，這一構(gòu)造中，我們用下邊的公式轉(zhuǎn)變，很簡(jiǎn)單就能除去非連續(xù)動(dòng)詞在達(dá)成時(shí)中的誤使。(對(duì))TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.(錯(cuò))Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.明顯，第二句不對(duì)，它應(yīng)改為Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.13since的四種用法1)since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如詳細(xì)的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。Ihavebeenheresince1989.2)since+一段+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.3)since+從句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.Considerabletimehaselapsedsincewehavebeenhere.4)Itis+一段+since從句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.延與瞬1)用于達(dá)成的區(qū)延表示、；Hehascompletedthework.

瞬表示行的他已達(dá)成了那工作。

果，不可以夠與表示段的狀用。(表果)I'veknownhimsincethen.

我從那起就他了。

(表)2)用于

till/until

從句的差別延用于必然句，表示"做??直到??"

瞬用于否認(rèn)句，表示

"到??，才??"Hedidn'tcomebackuntilteno'clock.他到10點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。Hesleptuntilteno'clock.他向來(lái)睡到

10點(diǎn)。典型例1.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet答案

B.

第一本后句在的影響，我知道她的模，你不用描繪。再次，

severaltimes見(jiàn)告頻頻生的作，所以用在達(dá)成。2.---I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe答案

A.

等候的作由去開(kāi)始，持到在，用在達(dá)成。去達(dá)成1）見(jiàn)解：表示去的去----|-------|-----|---->其組成是had+去分組成。那從前那在2）用法在told,said,knew,heard,thought等后的從句。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.狀從句在去不一樣樣生的兩個(gè)作中，生在先，用去達(dá)成；生在后，用一般去。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.c.表表示向的，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用去達(dá)成表示"原來(lái)?，未能?"Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.去達(dá)成的狀before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas。HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.典型例Thestudents___busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe___intheoffice.A.hadwritten,leftB，werewriting,hasleftC.hadwritten,hadleftD.werewriting,hadleft答案D."把忘在公室"生在"去取"一去的作從前，所以"忘了"一作生在去的去，用去達(dá)成。句中

when

表示的是的一點(diǎn)，表示在

"同學(xué)正忙于??"一背景下，

when

所引的作生。所以前一句用去行。注意：

hadno

?

when

沒(méi)等??就??hadnosooner?than??就??Hehadnosoonerboughtthecarthanhesoldit.用一般去取代達(dá)成1)兩個(gè)作如挨次生，又不先后，或用then，and，but等，多用一般去。Whenshesawthemouse，shescreamed.MyauntgavemeahatandIlostit.2)兩個(gè)作相生，可用一般去；如第一個(gè)作需要若干達(dá)成，用去達(dá)成。WhenIheardthenews,Iwasveryexcited.表達(dá)史事，可不用去達(dá)成，而只用一般去。OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.未來(lái)達(dá)成時(shí)組成will/begoingtodosth.見(jiàn)解狀態(tài)達(dá)成：表示某事連續(xù)到未來(lái)某一時(shí)為止向來(lái)有的狀態(tài)。動(dòng)作達(dá)成：表示未來(lái)某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)未來(lái)的動(dòng)作從前，已經(jīng)達(dá)成的動(dòng)作或一獲取的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Theywillhavebeenmarriedforearsbythen.YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：表示此刻(指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。Wearewaitingforyou.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)久的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.(說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫(xiě)，只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。)SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。Theleavesareturningred.It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.與always,constantly,forever等詞連用，表示頻頻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或連續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，經(jīng)常帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.典型例題Mydictionary___,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill___it.A.haslost,don'tfindB.ismissing,don'tfindC.haslost,haven'tfoundD.ismissing,haven'tfound.答案D.前句是一個(gè)仍在連續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)，因?yàn)闆](méi)有找到，其影響仍舊存在，應(yīng)用達(dá)成時(shí)，瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否認(rèn)式時(shí)可用于達(dá)成時(shí)。不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continueIhavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister.心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞Know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hateIneedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.3)瞬accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.Iacceptyouradvice.系seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turnYouseemalittletired.去行1）見(jiàn)解：表示去某正行家的狀或作。2）去行的主要用法是描繪一件事生的背景；一個(gè)作生的候，另一個(gè)短作生。常用的狀thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,whileMybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.典型例1)Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes答案C.割手指是已生的事情，用去。同，when表的同性，"在做衣服"供給事情生的背景，所以用去行。2)Asshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.read；wasfallingB.wasreading；fellC.wasreading；wasfallingD.read；fell答案B.句中的as=when,while，意"當(dāng)??之"。描繪一件事生的背景，用去行；一個(gè)作生的候，另一個(gè)短作生。句意"在她看，奶奶睡著了。"句中的fell(fall的去)，是系，后跟形容，如：fallsick。未來(lái)行見(jiàn)解：表示未來(lái)某行的狀或作，或按未來(lái)會(huì)生的事情。She'llbecomingsoon.I'llbemeetinghimsometimeinthefuture.注意：未來(lái)行不用于表示"意志"，不可以夠I'llbehavingatalkwithher.2）常用的狀Soon,tomorrow,thisevening，onSunday,bythistime，tomorrow,intwodays,tomorroweveningBythistimetomorrow,I'llbelyingonthebeach.一般在取代未來(lái)狀從句，條件句中，從句用一般在取代未來(lái)When,while,before,after,till,once,assoonas,solongas,bythetime,if,incase(that),unless,evenif,whether,themoment,theminute,theday,theyear,immediatelyHeisgoingtovisitherauntthedayhearrivesinBeijing.他一到北京，就去看他姨。典型例(1)Hesaidhe________meapresentunlessI_______indoingtheexperiment.A.hadnotgiven;hadnotsucceededB.wouldnotgive;succeedC.willnotgive;succeedD.wouldnotgive;willsucceed.答案B.在，條件或步主從句中一般不用未來(lái)。本有Hesaid，故去式。主句用未來(lái)，故B.此用一般去式取代了去未來(lái)。(2)表示在已安排好的未來(lái)事，行程等活。Themuseumopensattentomorrow.博物明日10點(diǎn)開(kāi)。(上每日這樣。)23一般在取代去1)"上"，"上"等。Thenewspapersaysthatit'sgoingtobecoldtomorrow.上明日會(huì)很冷的。2)表達(dá)舊事，使其生。Napoleon'sarmynowadvancesandthegreatbattlebegins.24一般在取代達(dá)成1)有些用一般在取代達(dá)成：hear,tell,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find,say,remember.Ihear(=haveheard)hewillgotoLondon.Iforget(=haveforgotten)howoldheis.2)句型"Itis?since取代?""Ithasbeen?since?"Itis(=hasbeen)fiveyearssincewelastmet.25一般在取代行句型：Herecomes?；Theregoes?Look,herecomesMr.Li.行家取代未來(lái)表示立刻生的或定中劃好的活。Areyoustayingwithusthisweekend?周和我一同度周末?Weareleavingsoon.我上就走。，如：get,run,grow,become,begin及die。Heisdying.一致1)假如從句所表達(dá)的真諦或不的事，永用在。Atthattime,peopledidnotknowthattheearthmoves.Hetoldmelastweekthatheiseighteen.2)從句中的助ought,need,must,dare是不的。HethoughtthatIneednottellyouthetruth.與狀狀一般在every?,sometimes,at?,onSunday,一般去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow一般未來(lái)next?,tomorrow,in+,在達(dá)成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,recently去達(dá)成before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas去行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening?when,whil未來(lái)行soon,tomorrow,thisevening,onSunday,bythistime,tomorrow,intwodays,tomorrowevening語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)三：名詞性從句名性從句相當(dāng)于名，可分作主句的主、表、和同位。所以，名性從句分主從句、表從句、從句和同位從句。（一）指引名詞性從句的連結(jié)詞1、連結(jié)代詞：who,whose,whom,what,which。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)看作分，如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、或定語(yǔ)等。2、連結(jié)副詞：when,where,why,how。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)看作分，作狀語(yǔ)。3、連結(jié)詞：that,whether,if,asif。that無(wú)詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)看作分，有時(shí)可省略；if(whether),asif雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔(dān)看作分。注意：連結(jié)代詞與連結(jié)副詞在句中不再是疑問(wèn)句，

所以從句中謂語(yǔ)不用疑問(wèn)式。

連結(jié)代詞與連結(jié)副詞在從句充任句子成分，連結(jié)詞whether用。依據(jù)句義，假如連結(jié)代詞與連結(jié)副詞，

和

if（能否），asif（好象）在從句中不充任句子成分，只起連結(jié)作whether、if和asif都用不上時(shí)，才用that作連結(jié)詞（that自己無(wú)任何含義）。（二）主語(yǔ)從句1、主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句作主語(yǔ)。e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.2、用it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放在句末。e.g.Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.3、that指引主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不可以夠省略。e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.（三）表語(yǔ)從句1、表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)，位于系動(dòng)詞此后。e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.2、指引表語(yǔ)從句的連結(jié)詞that有時(shí)可省去。e.g.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.（四）賓語(yǔ)從句1、賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)。指引賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that一般可省略。e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright.2、介詞此后的賓語(yǔ)從句，不可以用

which

或

if

連結(jié)，要分別用

what

或

whether。e.g.I

’minterestedinwhetheryou

’vefinishedthework..I’minterestedinwhatyou

’vesaid.3、whether與if都能夠指引賓語(yǔ)從句，常可交換。但下邊狀況不可以夠交換。①賓語(yǔ)從句能否認(rèn)句時(shí)，只用

if，不用

whether。e.g.Iwonderifitdoesn

’train.②用

if

會(huì)惹起誤會(huì)，就要用

whether。e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.

（此句假如把

whether

改成

if，簡(jiǎn)單看作條件句理解）③從句中的

whether

與ornot

直接用，就不可以夠成

if；不直接用，可。e.g.Idon

’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.Idon

’tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.④介后的從句要用whether引。whether可與不定式用。whether也可引主從句、表從句、同位從句，可引步狀從句，以上均不可以夠成if。但引條件從句，只好用if，而不可以夠用whether。e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.（五）同位語(yǔ)從句同位從句在句中作某一名的同位，一般位于名（如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等）此后，明名的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)四：主謂一致在英句子里，受主支配，其必和主在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致，就叫主一致。其律，大概可三個(gè)原，即法一致、意一致和就近一致原。（一）語(yǔ)法一致原則：法上一致就是和主在、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。1、以數(shù)名或代、不定式短、名短或從句作主，一般用數(shù)形式；主復(fù)數(shù)，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.注意：由what引的主從句，后邊的多半狀況用數(shù)形式，但若表是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)有復(fù)數(shù)意的并列構(gòu)，主句的用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.2、由接and或both?and接起來(lái)的合成主后邊，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的。如：LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.注意：①若and所接的兩個(gè)是指同一個(gè)人或物，它后邊的就用數(shù)形式。如：Thewriterandartisthascome.;/②由and接的并列數(shù)主前假如分有no,each,eve