海淀區(qū)高三年級第二學(xué)期期中練習(xí)英語試題本試卷共10頁，共120分?？荚嚂r長100分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題紙交回。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫 1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AOldTomhadfoursons.Hewantedthem1（learn）nottojudgethingstooquickly.Sohesentthemtolookatanappletreeindifferentseasons.Thefirstsonwentinwinter,thesecondinspring,thethirdinsummer,andtheyoungestinautumn.Whentheyallcameback,hecalledthemtogethertodescribe2theyhadseen.Thesonshaddifferent3（opinion）.Tomthentoldthemthattheyshouldn'tjudgeatree,oraperson,byonlyoneseason.【答案】1.tolearnwhat/whateveropinions【解析】本文是一篇故事。湯姆有四個兒子，為了讓他們學(xué)會不要太快下結(jié)論，他讓四個兒子在不同的季節(jié)去看蘋果樹，然后描述他們所看到的一切，結(jié)果四個兒子有各不相同的看法。最后，湯姆告訴他們，他們不應(yīng)該只根據(jù)一個季節(jié)來判斷一棵樹或一個人?！?題詳解】考查動詞語法。動詞want的用法為：wantsb.todosth. 要（某人）做某事。句意：他想讓他們學(xué)會不要急于下結(jié)論。故填tolearn?！?題詳解】考查名詞性從句。賓語從句中，從句動詞seen缺少賓語，故用what或whatever引導(dǎo)。句意:當(dāng)他們都回來時，他把他們叫到一起，描述他們所看到的一切。故填what/whatever?！?題詳解】考查名詞數(shù)。名詞opinion為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)前面 different 修飾可知，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。句意：兒子們有不同的意見。故填 opinions。BEveryone4(love)snow.Butwhenschoolstaysopendespitethesnow,itcanbereallyannoying.However,thereisoneupsideofgoingtoschool5acoldwinterday:youmightbesmarter.Sofar,researcherswhostudythebrain6(find)thatcoldtemperaturesmakeusthinkmorequicklysincemessagestravelfasteramongourbraincells.Sothescientistssay7(hang)outonacoldmorningmayboosttheresultofanytestthatday.【答案】4.loves5.on6.havefound7.hanging【解析】本文是一篇科普類小短文。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，寒冷的溫度使我們思考得更快?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)。陳述客觀事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。句意：每個人都喜歡下雪。故填 loves?！?題詳解】考查介詞。在具體的某一天，用介詞 on。句意：然而，在一個寒冷的冬日去上學(xué)有一個好處：你可能會更聰明。故填on?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時間狀語 Sofar可知，這里用現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：到目前為止，研究大腦的研究人員已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，寒冷的溫度使我們思考得更快。故填havefound?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。分析從句可知，賓語從句缺少主語，故用動名詞作主語。句意：科學(xué)家們說，在寒冷的早晨外出走走可能會提高當(dāng)天任何測試的結(jié)果。故填hanging。CAblackholeisaspotinspacethathas8 (power)gravity.Itsgravityissostrongthatitpullseverything nearbyintoit,stars,planetsandotherthings.Blackholesformwhenastardies.Whenthathappens,ahugeamountofmattercrowdsintoaverysmallspace,9becomesverydense.Blackholes10(talk)aboutin1783first.Thatyear,onescientistsaidthatintheuniverse,theremightbeplaceswithstronggravitytotraplight,althoughhedidn'tusetheterm“blackhole”.【答案】8.powerful9.which10.weretalked【解析】本文是一篇科普類小短文。文章主要介紹了黑洞的形成及詞術(shù)語的提出?！?題詳解】考查形容詞。修飾名詞 gravity,前用形容詞形式。句意：黑洞是太空中具有強(qiáng)大引力的一個點。故填powerful?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句中先行詞為 space,非限定性定語從句作主語，故用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。句意：當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時，大量的物質(zhì)聚集在一個非常小的空間里，這個空間變得非常密集。故填which。【10題詳解】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語in1783可知用一般過去時。主語Blackholes與動詞talk之間為被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。句意：黑洞最早是在 1783年提出的。故填weretalked。第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。MyPerfectImperfectLifeAfewyearsago,Iwasstandingatthebarre（扶手杠）waitingformyadultballetclasswhenIheardavoicebehindme."So,doyouhavethisperfectlife?"Myfirstreactionwasto11whowasbeingaskedsuchanoddquestion.ThenIrememberedtherewereonlytwoofusintheroom.WhenIturned12 ,theotherwomanwaslookingstraightatme.Ihadnoideahowtoanswerit.Wasshe13 ?Whohasaperfectlife?Sure,occasionallyIdidfindtheperfectdressortheperfectpairofshoes, 14neverwouldIusethatwordtodescribeanythingaboutmeormylife.Ifeltatwingeofguiltforsomehowgivingherthat15.Shewatchedme.Ifinally16towhisperaquick "NO'.Bythen,theteacherhadenteredtheroomandturnedonthemusictostartclass.Withasighof17 ,Imovedmyfeetintothebestposition.Butassoonasmykneesbentforourfirstpose,Irealizedmy18hadbeendisturbed.Thiswomanswordswouldn't19echoinginmythoughts.Iwantedtoknowhowshecameupwithherverymistaken20.Ifsheknewanythingaboutmylife,sheneverwouldhavehadthe21toaskmethatquestion.Ididmybesttodoourfloorexercisesinfrontofthemirror.Forafewmoments,Ididn'tseetheusual22 ofmyolderselfattemptingtouseabeautifulartformto23mygracefulness.Ionlysawthelittlegirlwhosefatherdiedwhenshewastwo,thechildwhowalkedhomefromelementaryschooleverydaytoanemptyhouse,wholearnedtosewherownclothesto24money.Perfect.Mylifehadbeenfarfromit.Whenthosememories25 ,IwasleftwithavisionofthewomanIhadbecome,thewoman26byallthosethingsIconsideredimperfect.Inowsawthewomanwhohadlearnedtobeself-reliant,who27herfamilyandherfriends,whodidn'ttakelifeforgranted.Wasthatthe aperfect"thiswomanhaddetected?Istilldon'tknow,butInolongerfeel28.orfeellikeImustkeeptrackofallthedifficulttimestoprovemylifeisn't29 .Ifeveragainaskedwhethermylifeisperfect,Iwouldhaveadifferent30 .BecausenowIseethat,despiteallitsimperfection,itis.11.A.noticeB.understandC.wonderD.expect12.A.upB.awayC.overD.around13.A.fairB.seriousC.anxiousD.wise14.A.butB.orC.forD.and15.A.intentionB.instructionC.impressionD.information16.A.learnedB.managedC.agreedD.planned17.A.sadnessB.surpriseC.pleasureD.relief18.A.concentrationB.patienceC.confidenceD.effort

A.escapeA.ideaB.keepB.adviceC.stopC.reasonD.standD.theory21.A.rightB.urgeC.excuseD.honor22.A.reflectionB.preferenceC.appearanceD.expression23.A.experienceB.describeC.replaceD.improve24.A.collectB.earnC.spendD.save25.A.fadedB.failedC.floatedD.flashed26.A.buriedB.shapedC.watchedD.followed27.A.changedB.welcomedC.valuedD.protected28.A.worriedB.guiltyC.cautiousD.desperate29.A.comfortableB.ordinaryC.perfectD.meaningful30.A.solutionB.messageC.approachD.answer【答案】11.C12.D13.B14.A15.C16.B17.D18.A19.C20.A21.B22.A23.D24.D25.A26.B27.C28.B29.C30.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者在等待上芭蕾課前一個女士問她“你的生活完美嗎？”這樣一個問題所帶來的思考。【11題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.notice注意；B.understand理解；C.wonder想知道；D.expect期望。我的第一反應(yīng)是想知道是誰被問了這么奇怪的問題。故選 C?！?2題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。 turnup出現(xiàn)；turnaway把 打發(fā)走；turnover移交；turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身。當(dāng)我轉(zhuǎn)過身時，另一個女人正直直地看著我。故選 D。【13題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.fair公平的；B.serious認(rèn)真的；C.anxious渴望的；D.wiseTOC\o"1-5"\h\z明智的。根據(jù) Ihadnoideahowtoanswerit.可知，她是認(rèn)真的嗎?故選 B?！?4題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。A.but但是；B.or或者；C.for因為；D.and和。分析前后句可知，前后句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。當(dāng)然，偶爾我也會找到一件完美的衣服或一雙完美的鞋子，但我絕不會用這個詞來描述我或我的生活。故選 A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.intention目的；B.instruction教誨；C.impression印象；D.information信息。不知何故給了她那種印象，我感到一絲愧疚之情。故選 C。【16題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.learned學(xué)習(xí)；B.managed設(shè)法對付；C.agreed同意；D.planned計劃。managetodo設(shè)法做成某事。最終，我終于輕輕地說了一聲“不（完美）”。故選 B?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.sadness難過；B.surprise驚訝；C.pleasure愉快；D.relief欣慰，放松。我松了一口氣，把腳挪到最好的位置。故選 D。【18題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.concentration集中；專注；B.patience耐心；C.confidence自信；D.effort努力。我意識到我的注意力被擾亂了。故選 A?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.escape逃離；B.keep保存；C.stop停止；D.stand容忍。這個女人的話不停地在我的腦海里回響。故選 C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.idea想法；B.advice建議；C.reason原因；D.theory理論。我想知道她是怎么想出這個大錯特錯的想法的。故選 A。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.right權(quán)利；B.urge沖動；C.excuse借口；D.honor榮譽(yù)。如果她知道我的生活，她就不會有問我這個問題的沖動了。故選 B。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.reflection倒影；B.preference優(yōu)先；C.appearance外表；D.expression表達(dá)。有那么一會兒，我并沒有像往常一樣，看著老去的自己尋常的身影試圖用A。一種美麗的藝術(shù)形式來提升自己的優(yōu)雅。故選【23A。考查名詞詞義辨析。A.experience經(jīng)歷；B.describe描述；C.replace代替；D.improve提升。有那么一會兒，我并沒有像往常一樣，看著老去的自己尋常的身影試圖用一種美麗的TOC\o"1-5"\h\z藝術(shù)形式來提升自己的優(yōu)雅。故選 D。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.collect收集；B.earn獲得；C.spend花費；D.save節(jié)省。她學(xué)會了自己縫制衣服來省錢。故選 D。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.faded褪色；B.failed失?。籆.floated漂流；D.flashed閃現(xiàn)。當(dāng)那些記憶褪去。故選 A?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.buried埋葬；B.shaped塑造；C.watched觀看；D.followed跟隨。一個被我認(rèn)為不完美的東西塑造的女人。故選 B?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.changed改變；B.welcomed歡迎；C.valued珍惜；D.protected保護(hù)。我現(xiàn)在看到的是一個學(xué)會自立的女人，她珍惜家人和朋友，不把生活視為理所當(dāng)然。故選 C?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.worried擔(dān)心的；B.guilty愧疚的；C.cautious小心的；D.desperate分開的。我仍然不知道，但我不再感到內(nèi)疚。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.comfortable舒服的；B.ordinary普通的；C.perfect完美的；TOC\o"1-5"\h\zD.meaningful有意義的。根據(jù)后句Ifeveragainaskedwhethermylifeisperfect 可知，或者我覺得我必須記錄下所有的艱難時刻來以證明我的生活并不完美。故選 C。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。 A.solution 解決方法；B.message信息；C.approach方法；D.answer回答。如果再問我的生活是否完美，我會有一個不同的答案。故選 D?！军c睛】解完形填空題時，我們需要上下文對照，單獨看一句話是找不到正確答案的，需要讀下句或者若干句才能明白。所謂上下對照，即在上文和下文中找到與正確答案相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵

4,就是根4,就是根據(jù)前句Sure,occasionallyIdidfindtheperfectdressortheperfectpairofshoes,當(dāng)然，偶爾我也會找到一件完美的衣服或一雙完美的鞋子和后句 neverwouldIusethatwordtodescribeanythingaboutmeormylife. 我絕不會用這個詞來描述我或我的生活，可知，前后句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，從而選出正確的答案。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。ARayTokuda,a54-year-oldJapaneseAmerican,isproudofthetitlehisschoolhasgivenhim.HeisaShifu,aChinesewordliterallymeaningamaster,mentororseniorpractionerofmartialarts.Tokudahasreasontobeproud.HehasbeeninvolvedwithChinesemartialartsforalmostfourdecades.AfterlearningthematthemartialartsschoolinNewMexicoState,todayheisamongthemostexperiencedkungfuteachersoftheschool.PracticingmartialartstwotothreehoursandhelpingstudentsimprovetheirskillshavebecomeTokuda'sdailyroutine.Heexpectstopracticeandteachmartialartsfortherestofhislife. "I'mstilllearning.It'sworthmorethanalifetimetolearnChinesemartialarts,“hesaid. "OnceIstarted,Ijustcouldn'tstop.Ithinkit'salsothemagicofChineseculture.”Tokudawassenttothemartialartsschoolwhenhewas10.Hestillremembershowunwillinghewaswhenstartingout."MyfatherhadalwayswantedtolearnChinesemartialartsbutnevergotthechance,soheputhiskidin, "hesaid."IwassoafraidatthattimebecauseIthoughtkungfuwasallaboutfighting. ”Butthingschangedafterhelearnedthatmartialartsweremorethanpunchingandkicking.“Oneofthethingsmartialartsteachmeisovercomingadversity,”Tokudasaid.“Asalittlekid,myfirstlessonwaslike,oh,look,thisisathingthatIcangetthroughbydiligence,perseverance（毅力）anddedication,andthatwaspricelessformylife.”LearningChinesemartialartsopenedagatewayforhimtobetterunderstandChineseculturebecausehecouldhearalotofancientChinesekungfu-relatedstories.“ItislikeinAmerica,wherewehe arstoriesaboutknightsinshiningarmorandKingArthurandnobledeedsdone,”hesaid.“IfeelmartialartspreservesomethingofancientChinathatcan’tbefoundinbooks.Theyaresortofanoralhistory. ”TokudahasalsobeeninvitedtovariouseventsinhishomestatetoshowcasetraditionalChineseculture,includingthedragondanceandliondance,whichhealsolearntatthemartialartsschool.Becauseofthis,heisnowconsideredaculturalenvoy（使者）intheeyesofthepublic.Tokudadidn’twanttolearnkungfubecausehehadthoughtitwas .A.practical B.magicalC.violent D.difficultFromthepassage,whatcanwelearnaboutTokuda?Helearntmartialartsfromhisfather.Heisthefounderofthekungfuschool.Helearntfrommartialartshowtodealwithdifficulties.Heisthemostexperiencedkungfuteacherofhisstate.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTokuda?A.Modestandfriendly. B.Devotedandpersevering.C.Talentedandhumorous. D.Motivatedandconsiderate.【答案】31.C32.C33.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述功夫讓一位日裔美國人成為中國文化使者，幫助傳播中國傳統(tǒng)文化——武術(shù)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段 IwassoafraidatthattimebecauseIthoughtkungfuwasallaboutfighting.可知，那時，Tokuda以為功夫就是打斗，是暴力。故選 C?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段“Oneofthethingsmartialartsteachmeisovercomingadversity,”Tokudasaid. “Asalittlekid,myfirstlessonwaslike,oh,look,thisisathingthatIcangetthroughbydiligence,perseverance（毅力）anddedication,andthatwaspricelessformylife.”Tokuda認(rèn)為，武術(shù)教他的一件事就是克服逆境，從而可以推斷出他從武術(shù)中學(xué)會了如何處理困難。故選 C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段 Tokudahasreasontobeproud.HehasbeeninvolvedwithChinesemartialartsforalmostfourdecades.Tokuda 從事中國武術(shù)近 40年，可以推斷他的堅持；文章第三段 PracticingmartialartstwotothreehoursandhelpingstudentsimprovetheirskillshavebecomeTokuda’sdailyroutine. Heexpectstopracticeandteachmartialartsfortherestofhislife. 幫助學(xué)生提高他們的技能已經(jīng)成為Tokuda每天的例行公事，他希望在他的余生中練習(xí)和教授武術(shù)，可以推斷他對自己事業(yè)的熱愛與奉獻(xiàn)。故選B?！军c睛】文章內(nèi)容較為簡單，集中考查細(xì)節(jié)題，對此類題型，考生可以首先從問題中找到關(guān)鍵詞然后以此為線索，運用略讀及查閱的技巧在文中迅速尋找這一細(xì)節(jié)找到后再把這一部分內(nèi)容仔細(xì)閱讀一遍，仔細(xì)比較所給選項與文中細(xì)節(jié)的細(xì)微區(qū)別。如小題1選擇項的violent，到文章第四段 IwassoafraidatthattimebecauseIthoughtkungfuwasallaboutfighting找到關(guān)鍵詞 fighting。所以我們考生要通過比較這些細(xì)微區(qū)別，仔細(xì)辨別才能得出答案。BNewAppHelpsPeopleRememberFacesLargegatheringssuchasweddingsandconferencescanbesociallyoverwhelming.Pressuretolearnpeople’snamesonlyaddstothestress.Anewfacial -recognitionappcouldcometotherescue,butprivacyexpertsrecommendproceedingwithcaution.

Theapp,calledSocialRecall,connectsnameswithfacesviasmartphonecamerasandfacialrecognition,potentiallyavoidingtheneedforformalintroductions."Itbreaksdownthesesocialbarriersweallhavewhenmeetingsomebody, "saysBarrySandrew,whocreatedtheappandtesteditataneventattendedbyabout1,000people.AfterreceivinganinvitationtodownloadSocialRecallfromaneventorganizer,theuserisaskedtotaketwoselfiesandsigninviasocialmedia.Attheevent,theappisactivewithinapreviouslydefinedgeographicalarea.Whenauserpointshisorherphonecameraatanattendee'sface,theappidentifiestheindividual,displaystheperson'sname,andlinkstohisorhersocialmediaprofile.Toprotectprivacy,itrecognizesonlythosewhohaveagreedtoparticipate.Andtheapp'screatorssayitautomaticallydeletesusers 'dataafteranevent.AnnCavoukian,aprivacyexpertwhorunsthePrivacybyDesignCenterofExcellencepraisestheapp'screatorsfortheseprotectivemeasures.Shecautions,however,thatwhenpeoplechoosetosharetheirpersonalinformationwiththeapp,theyshouldknowthat“theremaybeunintendedconsequencesdowntheroadwiththatinformationbeingusedinanothercontextthatmightcomebacktobiteyou. ”Thestart-uphasalsodevelopedaversionoftheappforindividualswhosufferfromprosopagnosia,or“faceblindness,“aconditionthatpreventspeoplefromrecognizingindividualstheyhavemet.Tousethisapp,apersonfirstacquiresanimageofsomeone'sface,fromeitherthesmartphone'scameraoraphotograph,andthentagsitwithaname.Whenthecameraspotsthatsamefaceinreallife,thepreviouslyenteredinformationisdisplayed.Thecollecteddataarestoredonlyonauser'sphone,accordingtotheteambehindthe app.SocialRecallisusedto.A.takephotos B.identifypeopleD.makefriendsC.organizeeventsD.makefriendsParagraph3ismainlyabout .howtheappworkshowtheappwascreatedwhatmakestheapppopularwhatpeoplecandowiththeappSocialRecallhelpspeoplewithprosopagnosiaby .givingnamestothephotoskeptintheirsmartphonescollectinginformationpreviouslyenteredinthephoneprovidingtheinformationofapersonwhentheyfirstmeetshowingtheperson’sinformationwhenitspotsastoredfaceWhatcanwelearnaboutSocialRecallfromthepassage?Itmayputpeople’sprivacyatrisk.Ithascausedunintendedconsequences.Itcanpreventsomecommunicationdisorders.Itispraisedbyusersforitsprotectivemeasures.【答案】34.B35.A36.D37.A【解析】本文是一篇科普類短文閱讀。文章主要介紹一款新的應(yīng)用程序幫助人們記住面孔?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段 Theapp,calledSocialRecall,connectsnameswithfacesviasmartphonecamerasandfacialrecognition,potentiallyavoidingtheneedforformalintroductions.這款名為SocialRecall的應(yīng)用軟件可以通過智能手機(jī)攝像頭和面部識別功能將名字和人臉聯(lián)系起來，從而避免了正式介紹的必要，從而可以推斷出，是用來識別人。故選B。【35題詳解】段落大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段全段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要SocialRecall這款應(yīng)用軟件工作原理。故選 A?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段 Tousethisapp,apersonfirstacquiresanimageofsomeone’sface,fromeitherthesmartphone’scameraoraphotograph,andthentagsitwithaname.Whenthecameraspotsthatsamefaceinreallife,thepreviouslyenteredinformationisdisplayed.Thecollecteddataarestoredonlyonauser ’sphone,accordingtotheteambehindtheapp. 可知，用戶使用智能手機(jī)的攝像頭或照片中獲取某人的面部圖像，然后給它加上一個名字。當(dāng)攝像機(jī)在現(xiàn)實生活中發(fā)現(xiàn)相同的人臉時，就會顯示之前輸入的信息，從而幫助臉盲癥患者識別此人的信息。故選 D?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段 Shecautions,however,thatwhenpeoplechoosetosharetheirpersonalinformationwiththeapp,theyshouldknowthat “there maybeunintendedconsequencesdowntheroadwiththatinformationbeingusedinanothercontextthatmightcomebacktobiteyou.”當(dāng)人們選擇將自己的個人信息分享給應(yīng)用程序時，他們應(yīng)該知道，在未來可能會出現(xiàn)意想不到的后果，從而可以推斷出SocialRecall這款應(yīng)用程序可能會危及人們的隱私。故選 A。CGOINGTOUNIVERSITYissupposedtobeamind-broadeningexperience.Thatstatementisprobablymadeincomparisontotrainingforworkstraightafterschool,whichmightnotbesoencouraging.Butisitactuallytrue?JessikaGolleoftheUniversityofTubingen,inGermany,thoughtshewouldtrytofindout. Herresult,however,isnotquitewhatmightbeexpected.Asshereportsin PsychologicalSciencethisweek,shefoundthatthosewhohavebeentouniversitydoindeedseemtoleavewithbroaderandmoreinquiringmindsthanthosewhohavespenttheirimmediatepost-schoolyearsinvocational（ 職業(yè)的）trainingforwork.However,itwasnotthecasethatuniversitybroadenedminds.Rather,workseemedtonarrowthem.Dr.Gollecametothisconclusionaftersheandateamofcolleaguesstudiedtheearlycareersof2,095Germanyoungsters.Theteamusedtwostandardizedteststoassesstheirvolunteers.Onewasofpersonalitytraits,includingopenness,conscientiousness（認(rèn)真）andsoon.Theotherwasofattitudes,suchasrealistic,investigativeandenterprising.Theyadministeredbothteststwice—oncetowardstheendofeachvolunteer’stimeatschool,andthenagainsixyearslater.Oftheoriginalgroup,382wereontheintermediatetrack,fromwhichtherewasachoicebetweentheacademicandvocationalroutes,anditwasonthesethattheresearchersfocused.

Universitybeckonedfor212ofthem.Theremaining170chosevocationaltrainingandajob.Whenitcametothesecondroundoftests,Dr.Gollefoundthatthepersonalitiesofthosewhohadgonetouniversityhadnotchangedsignificantly.Thosewhohadundergonevocationaltrainingandthengotjobswerenotthatmuchchangedinpersonality,either—exceptinonecrucialrespect.Theyhadbecomemoreconscientious.Thatsoundslikeagoodthing,certainlycomparedwiththecommonpublicimageofundergraduatesasabunchoflazybones.Butchangesinattitudethattheresearchersrecordedwereratherworrying.Intheuniversitygroup,again,noneweredetectable.Butthosewhohadchosenthevocationalrouteshowedmarkeddropsininterestintasksthatareinvestigativeandenterprisinginnature.Andthatmightrestricttheirchoiceofcareers.Someinvestigativeandenterprisingjobs,suchasscientificresearch,are,indeedbeyondthedegreeless.Butmany,particularlyinGermany,withitstraditionofvocationaltraining,arenot.Theresearchersmention,forexample,computerprogrammersandfinance-sectorworkersascareersrequiringthesetraits.IfDr.Golleiscorrect,andchangesinattitudebroughtaboutbytheverytrainingGermanypridesitselfonarenarrowingpeople'schoices,thatisindeedamatterworthyofseriousconsideration.“beckonedfor"inParagraph2?B.Attracted.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplace“beckonedfor"inParagraph2?B.Attracted.A.Examined.C.Organized.D.Recognized.C.Organized.Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?A.Thedegreelesshavenotchangedinpersonalities.B.Goingtouniversityisamind-broadeningexperience.sminds.C.Workingstraightafterschoolnarrowspeoplesminds.D.Collegestudentspridethemselvesontheireducation.Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,A.collegestudentsenjoyaverygoodpublicimagetheundergraduateshavechangedsignificantlyinattitudethedegreelessaremuchbetteratdealingwithchallengingtaskspeopleshowlessinterestininvestigativejobsduetovocationaltrainingWhatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefinding?A.Concerned. B.Optimistic.C.Unclear. D.Sceptical.【答案】38.B39.C40.D41.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇社會類短文閱讀。讀大學(xué)究竟能帶給我們什么？德國蒂賓根大學(xué)的 JessikaGolle 研究得到的結(jié)果和人們所期待的大有不同?！?8題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段 Oftheoriginalgroup,382wereontheintermediatetrack,fromwhichtherewasachoicebetweentheacademicandvocationalroutes,anditwasonthesethattheresearchersfocused.Universitybeckonedfor212ofthem.Theremaining170chosevocationaltrainingandajob. 原始組中有382人就讀中等學(xué)校，這些人是研究人員重點關(guān)注的對象。其中212名被大學(xué)錄取，剩下的170人選擇職業(yè)培訓(xùn)或參加工作。根據(jù)后句Theremaining170chosevocationaltrainingandajob. 從而可以猜測出beckonedfor為“召喚；吸引”之意。故選B。【39題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第——段However,itwasnotthecasethatuniversitybroadenedminds.Rather,workseemedtonarrowthem.然而，大學(xué)其實并沒有開闊人們的眼界。相反，是工作使人們的思維變得狹窄了。故選 Co【40題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后兩段， 尤其倒數(shù)第二段中 Butthosewhohadchosenthevocationalrouteshowedmarkeddropsininterestintasksthatareinvestigativeandenterprisinginnature.可知，但是那些選擇職業(yè)培訓(xùn)的人， 他們對探究型和開創(chuàng)型任務(wù)的興趣明顯下降，從而可以推斷出由于職業(yè)培訓(xùn)，人們對調(diào)查性工作的興趣降低。故選Do【41題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段 IfDr.Golleiscorrect,andchangesinattitudebroughtaboutbytheverytrainingGermanypridesitselfonarenarrowingpeople’schoices,thatisindeedamatterworthyofseriousconsideration. 如果Golle的結(jié)論正確，并且由于培訓(xùn)（德國人以此為傲）而帶來態(tài)度上的變化縮小了人們的選擇，這確實是一個值得認(rèn)真考慮的問題，可以推斷出，作者對這一發(fā)現(xiàn)持關(guān)注的態(tài)度。故選 A?！军c睛】推斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時，同學(xué)們要嚴(yán)格依據(jù)作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語氣，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞句，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。例如小題 4，就是根據(jù)文章最后一段 IfDr.Golleiscorrect,andchangesinattitudebroughtaboutbytheverytrainingGermanypridesitselfonarenarrowingpeople’schoices,thatisindeedamatterworthyofseriousconsideration.中的關(guān)鍵詞 amatterworthyofseriousconsideration可以推斷出，作者對這一發(fā)現(xiàn)持關(guān)注的態(tài)度，從而可以推斷出答案。DSmile!Itmakeseveryoneintheroomfeelbetterbecausethey,consciouslyorunconsciously,aresmilingwithyou.Growingevidenceshowsthataninstinctforfacialmimicry（模仿）allowsustoempathizewithandevenexperienceotherpeople’sfeelings.Ifwecan’tmirroranotherperson’sface,itlimitsourabilitytoreadandproperlyreacttotheirexpressions.AreviewofthisemotionalmirroringappearsonFebruary11inTrendsinCognitiveSciences.Intheirpaper,PaulaNiedenthalandAdrienneWood,socialpsychologistsattheUniversityofWisconsin,describehowpeopleinsocialsituationscopyothers’facialexpressionstocreateemotionalresponsesinthemselves.Forexample,ifyou’rewithafriendwholookssad,youmight“tryon”thatsadfaceyourselfwithoutrealizingyou’redoingso.In“tryingon”yourfriend’sexpression,ithelpsyoutorecognizewhatthey’refeelingbyassociatingitwithtimesinthepastwhenyoumadethatexpression.Humansgetthisemotionalmeaningfromfacialexpressionsinamatterofonlyafewhundredmilliseconds.“Youreflectonyouremotionalfeelingsandthenyougener atesomesortofrecognitionjudgment,andthemostimportantthingthatresultsinisthatyoutakeNiedenthaltheappropriateaction—youapproachthepersonoryouavoidtheperson,Niedenthalofhowyousays.“Yourownemotionalreactiontothefacechangesyourperceptionofhowyouseethefaceinsuchawaythatprovidesyouwithmoreinformationaboutwhatit _”means.”Aperson’sabilitytorecognizeand“share”others’emotionscanbepreventedwhentheycan’tmimicfaces.Thisisacommoncomplaintforpeoplewithmotordiseases,likefacialparalysis（癱瘓）fromastroke,orevenduetonervedamagefromplasticsurgery.Niedenthalnotesthatthesamewouldnotbetrueforpeoplewhosufferfromparalysisfrombirth,becauseifyou’veneverhadtheabilitytomimicfacialexpressions,youwillhavedevelopedcompensatorywaysofinterpretingemotions.Peoplewithsocialdisordersassociatedwithmimicryoremotion-recognitiondamage,likeautism（自閉癥）,canexperiencesimilarchallenges. “Therearesomesymptomsinautismwherelackoffacialmimicrymayinpartbeduetolimitationofeyecontact,”Niedenthalsays.Niedenthalnextwantstoexplorewhatpartinthebrainisfunctioningtohelpwithfacialexpressionrecognition.Abetterunderstandingofthatpart,shesays,willgiveusabetterideaofhowtotreatrelateddisorders.Accordingtothepassage,facialmimicryhelps .A.experienceone’sownfeelingsclearly B.changeothers’emotionsquicklyC.respondtoothers’expressionsproperly D.developfriendshipwithotherseasilyWecanknowfromParagraph4and5that .peoplewithmotordiseasesmayalsosufferfromautismpeoplebornwithfacialparalysismaystillrecognizeemotionspeoplewithsocialdisorderscan’thaveeyecontactwithotherspeoplereceivingplasticsurgeryhavedifficultyinmimickingfacesAccordingtoNiedenthal,thenextstepofthestudywillfocuson .howwecantreatbraindisorderswhatcanbedonetoregainfacialmimicryhowourbrainhelpsuswithemotionalmirroringwhatpartofourbrainhelpsrecognizefacialexpressionThepassageiswrittento .discusshowpeoplereactpositivelytoothers ’smilesdrawpeople’sattentiontothosewithsocialdisordersintroduceanewtrendinfacialexpressionrecognitionexplainhowemotionalmirroringaffectspeople’sempathy【答案】42.C43.B44.D45.D【解析】本文是一篇科普類短文閱讀。越來越多的證據(jù)表明，面部模仿的本能讓我們能夠移情，甚至能體驗他人的感受。文章主要解釋了情緒反射如何影響人們的移情。【42題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段 Growingevidenceshowsthataninstinctforfacialmimicry（模仿）allowsustoempathizewithandevenexperienceotherpeople’sfeelings.Ifwecan’tmirroranotherperson’sface,itlimitsourabilitytoreadandproperlyreacttotheirexpressions. 面部模仿的本能使我們能夠同情甚至體驗他人的感受。如果我們不能模仿他人的面部表情，這限制了我們閱讀和正確反應(yīng)他人表情的能力，所以說面部模仿有助于正確回應(yīng)他人的表情。故選 C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段 Niedenthalnotesthatthesamewouldnotbetrueforpeoplewhosufferfromparalysisfrombirth,becauseifyou ’veneverhadtheabilitytomimicfacialexpressions,youwillhavedevelopedcompensatorywaysofinterpretingemotions.可知，對于天生癱瘓的人來說，因為從來沒有模仿面部表情的能力，就會形成一種解讀情緒的代償方式，從而來識別情緒。故選 B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段 Niedenthalnextwantstoexplorewhatpartinthebrainisfunctioningtohelpwithfacialexpressionrecognition.Abetterunderstandingofthatpart,shesays,willgiveusabetterideaofhowtotreatrelateddisorders.可知，Niedenthal接下來想要探索大腦中哪些部分在幫助識別面部表情方面發(fā)揮作用。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段Growingevidenceshowsthataninstinctforfacial主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段mimicry（模仿）allowsustoempathizewithandevenexperienceotherpeople'sfeelings.Ifwecan'tmirroranotherperson'sface,itlimitsourabilitytoreadandproperlyreacttotheirexpressions. 及全文內(nèi)容可在，本文主要講述越來越多的證據(jù)表明，面部模仿的本能讓我們能夠移情，甚至能體驗他人的感受。文章主要解釋了情緒反射如何影響人們的移情。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。BenefitsofSportsDoingsportsisaphysical,mentalandsocialadventure.It 'sagreat