2013201312閱讀理解真題及答案（全套）——幸福就好我亦安201312（一）【閱讀】SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintakeareinfluencedbyaoffactorsbesidesourbiologicalneedenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperceptionofthefoodinofus.Studieshaveshown,forinstance,thateatinginfrontoftheTV(orasimilardistraction)canincreasebothhungerandtheamountoffoodconsumed.Evensimplevisualcues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectportionsizeandconsumption.Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-termmemoryalsomayplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,people'shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthedeatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey'dseeninfrontofwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.

inotherThisdisparity）suggeststhememoryofourpreviousmealmayhaveainfluenceonourappetitethantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM.Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol."Hungerisn'tcontrolledsolelybythephysicalcharacteristicsofarecentWehaveidentifiedanindependentroleformemoryforthatmeal，"Brunstromsays."Thisshowsthattherelationshipbetweenhungerandfoodintakeismorecomplexthanwethought."Thesefindingsechoearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodsometimestrickourbodsresponsetothefooditself.Ina2011study,forinstance,peoplewhodrankthesame3S0-calorie）milkshakeontwoseparateoccasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhunger-relatedhormones（荷爾蒙dependingonwhethertheshake’slabelsaiditcontained620or140calories.Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeelingmorefullwhentheythoughtthey'dconsumedahigher-calorieshake.Whatdoesthismeanforoureatinghabits?Althoughithardlyseemspracticaltotrickourselvesintoeatingless,thenewfindingsdohighlightthebenefitsoffocusingonourfoodandavoidingTVandmultitaskingwhileeating.Theso-calledmindful-eatingstrategiescanfightdistractionsandhelpuscontrolourappetite,Brunstromsays.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。Whatissaidtobeafactoraffectingourappetiteandfoodintake?Howweperceivethefoodweeat.C)Whenweeatourmeals.Whatingredientsthefoodcontains.D)Howfastweeatourmeals.Whatwouldhappenatmealtimeifyourememberedeatingalotinthepreviousmeal?Youwouldprobablybemorepickyaboutfood.Youwouldnotfeellikeeatingthesamefood.Youwouldhaveagoodappetite.Youwouldnotfeelsohungry.Whatdowelearnfromthe2011study?Foodlabelsmaymisleadconsumersintheirpurchases.Foodlabelsmayinfluenceourresponsetofood.Hungerlevelsdependonone'sconsumptionofcalories.Peopletendtotakeinalotmorecaloriesthannecessary.WhatdoesBrunstromsuggestwedotocontrolourappetite?Trickourselvesintoeatingless.C)Concentrateonfoodwhileeating.Choosefoodwithfewercalories.D)Pickdishesoftherightsize.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Eatingdistractionsoftenaffectourfooddigestion.Psychologicalfactorsinfluenceourhungerlevels.Ourfoodintakeisdeterminedbyourbiologicalneeds.Goodeatinghabitswillcontributetoourhealth.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asasocietywemightwanttorethinkthetimeandmoneyspentoneducation,sothattheseresourcescanbenefitagreaterpercentageofthepopulation.Ideally,bothhighschoolsandcollegescanprepareindividualsfortheever-changingrolesthatarelikelytobeexpectedofthem.Highschooldegreesofferfarlessinthewayofpreparationforworkthantheymight,orthanmanyothernationscurrentlyoffer,creatingagrowingskillsinoureconomy.Weencouragestudentstogoontocollegewhethertheyarepreparedornot,orhaveaclearsenseofpurposeorinterest,andnowhavethehighestcollegedropoutrateintheworld.Wemightlooktoothercountriesformodelsofhowhighschoolscanofferbettertraining,aswellasthedevelopmentofaworkethictheintellectualskillsneededforcontinuedlearninganddevelopment.IrecommendHarvard's2011"PathwaystoProsperity"reportformoreattentiontothe"forgottenhalf"(thosewhodonotgoontocollege)andideasabouthowtoaddressthisissue.Simultaneously,theliberalartsbecomemoreimportantthanever.Inaknowledgeeconomywhereprofessionalroleschangerapidlyandmanycollegestudentsarepreparingforpositionsthatmaynotevenexistyet,theskillsetneededisthatpreparesthemforchangeandcontinuedlearning.Learningtoexpressideaswellinbothspeech,knowinghowtofindinformation,andknowinghowtodoresearchareall-solidbackgroundskillsforwidevarietyofroles,andsuchtrainingismoreimportantthananyparticularmajorinaliberalartscollege.Weneedtocontinuetovaluebroadpreparationinthinkingskillsihatwillserveforalifetime.Studentsalsoneedtolearntoworkindependentlyandtomakeresponsibledecisions.Thelengtheningpathtoadulthoodappearsexacerbated）byparentalinvolvementinthecollegeyears.Giventherisinginvestmentincollegeeducation,parentalconcernisnotsurprising,butlearningwhereandwhentointervene預(yù)）willhelpstudentstakemoreownershipoftheoutcomesoftheseincreasinglycostlyeducations.注意：此部分試越請在答題卡2上作答。Whatkindofeducationdoestheauthorthinkisideal?Itbenefitsthegreatmajorityofthegeneralpopulation.Itpreparesstudentstomeetthefutureneedsofsociety.Itencouragesstudentstolearnthroughouttheirlives.Itensuresthatstudents'expectationsaresuccessfullyfulfilled.Whatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithpresenthighschooleducation?Ignoringtheneedsofthosewhodon'tgotocollege.Teachingskillstobeusedrightaftergraduationonly.Givinglittleattentiontothosehavingdifficultylearning.Creatingthehighestdropoutrateinthedevelopedworld.Whatcharacterizesaknowledgeeconomyaccordingtothepassage?Peoplehavetoreceivehighereducationtoqualifyforaprofessionalposition.Studentsmajoringinliberalartsusuallyhavedifficultysecuringajob.Newpositionsareconstantlycreatedthatrequirepeopletokeeplearning.Collegesfindithardtoteachstudentshowtocopewiththechangingeconomy.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaliberalartscollegeshouldfocuson?Solidbackgroundknowledgeinaparticularfield.Practicalskillsurgentlyneededincurrentsociety.Basicskillsneededforchangeandlifelonglearning.Usefulthinkingskillsforadvancedacademicresearch.Whatsuggestiondocstheauthoroffertoparents?Rethinkingthevalueofhighereducation.Investingwiselyintheirchildren'seducation.Helpingtheirchildrenlobringtheirtalentintofullplay.Avoidingtoomuchinterventionintheireducation.【答案解析】SectionCPassage參考譯文(56)(60影響。(60)新的研究顯示人們的短期記憶同樣對食欲起作用。(57)飯后幾小時,決定人們饑餓程度的不是他們已食用的食物量,而是他們吃飯時面前所見到的食物量,換言之,是他們所記得的食物量。布里斯托大學(xué)實驗心理學(xué)教授JeffreyM.Brunstrom認(rèn)為:這種差異表明人們之前的飲食記憶對食欲造成的影響可能超過食物的真實數(shù)量對食欲造成的影響。立作用Brunstrom(60582011380620140但是確實能使人們認(rèn)識到專注于食物、避免飲食時看電視或同時進(jìn)行多項活動的益處。(59)Brunstrom說,所謂的"用心飲食"策略能夠?qū)垢蓴_,幫助人們控制食欲。【定位】由題干中的appetitefoodintakeA)A)。【定位】由題干中的rememberedpreviousmeal定位到第三段第二句。D)。2011study【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句詳細(xì)描述了2011在兩個不同場合食用了相同卡路里的奶昔620140卡路里,結(jié)果顯示,根據(jù)標(biāo)注的中路里含量,參與者分泌了不同水平的與饑餓相關(guān)的荷爾蒙620卡路里的奶昔時,他們感覺更飽。實際上兩份奶昔的卡路里含量案為B)?！径ㄎ弧坑深}干中的controlourappetite章最后一句?？刂剖秤?。也就是BrunstromC)。【定位】由題干中的mainideaB)。Passagetwo參考譯文(62)因而造成了經(jīng)濟(jì)中不新擴(kuò)大的技能差距工作的美德及繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)展所需的心智技能。我向大家推薦哈佛大學(xué)2011(63習(xí)的技能組合。(64)是為適應(yīng)各種不同角色所應(yīng)具備的扎實的背景技術(shù)業(yè)都重要。我們需要繼續(xù)重視并廣泛培養(yǎng)將會終生受益的思維技能。為奇，(65)但是學(xué)會如何地進(jìn)行干預(yù)將會有助于學(xué)生享受這些日益昂責(zé)的教育所帶來的成果。答案詳解【定位】由題干中的idealB)【精析】語義理解題。定位句指出:理想上,高中和大學(xué)都應(yīng)該能培養(yǎng)學(xué)生適應(yīng)未來角色的變化。此句表明在未來社會中，人們的角色會不斷發(fā)生變化,理想的教育就是能培養(yǎng)適應(yīng)這種變化的人才，也就是說,理想的教育可以滿足未來社會的需求，故答案為B)?！径ㄎ弧坑深}干中的problem,highschool界上最高的大學(xué)綴學(xué)率,故答案為D)?！径ㄎ弧坑深}干中的knowledgeeconomyC)C)?！径ㄎ弧坑深}干中的liberalartscollegeC)?！径ㄎ弧坑深}干中的suggestionparents【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。最后一段提到由于家長在大學(xué)階段的參與，通向成年的漫長道路看起來好像更長了",這句話我們可以理解為家長在大學(xué)階段過多參與孩子的教育會影D)。201312)Part3SectionC【閱讀理解】SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Arecentglobalsurveyof2000high-net-worthindividualsfoundthat60%werenotplanningonatraditionalretirement.AmongUSparticipants,75%expectedcontinueworkinginsomecapacityevenaftersteppingawayfromfull-timejobs."Manyofthesepeoplemadetheirwealthbydoingsomethingthey'repassionatesaysDanielEgan,headofbehavioralfinanceforBarclaysWealthAmericas."Giventhechoice,theyprefertocontinueworking."Barclayscallsthesepeople“nevertirees”.UnlikemanyAmericanscompelledintoearlyretirementbycompanyrestrictions,theaveragenevertireeoftenhasnooneforcinghishand.If106-year-oldinvestorIrvingKahn,headofhisownfamilyfirm,wantstokeepcomingtoworkeverywho'sgoingtostophim?Seventy-eight-year-oldSupremeCourtJusticeRuthBaderGinsburg’sjobsecurityisguaranteedintheConstitution.Itmayseemthattheseelderlypeoplearetryingtocheatdeath.Infact,are.Andworking.HowardFriedman,aprofessoratUCRiverside,foundinhisresearchthatthosewhoworkhardestandaresuccessfulintheircareersoftenlivethelongestlives."Peoplearegenerallybeinggivenbadadvicetotakeiteasy,stopworrying,andretiretoFlorida，"hesays.Hedescribedonestudyparticipant,stillworkingattheageof100,whowasrecentlydisappointedhissonretire.

"We'rebeginningtoseeachangeinhowpeopleviewretiremet"saysGeorgeLeeson,co-directoroftheInstituteofPopulationAgeingatOxford.Whereonceretirementwasseenasabriefrewardafteralongsomemiserablejob,itisnowakin）tobeingcastaside.WhatLeesonterms"theWarrenBuffetteffect"isbecomingmorebroadlyappealingasindividualscometo"viewretirementasnotsimplybeinglinkedtoeconomicproductivitybutalsoaboutcontribution."Observersaresplitonwhetherthisisawhollygoodthing.Ontheonecompaniesandfinancialfirmscanbenefitfromthewisdomofa）chief.Ontheother,thenewgenerationcanfinditmoredifficulttoanargumentthattypicallyholdslittleswaytoanevertiree.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。Whatdowelearnabouttheso-called“nevertirees”？Theyarepassionateaboutmakingafortune.Theyhavenochoicebuttocontinueworking.Theylovewhattheydoandchoosenottoretire.Theywillnotretireunlesstheyarecompelledto.WhatdoIrvingKahnandRuthBaderGinsburghaveincommon?Neitherofthemissubjecttoforcedretirement.Neitherofthemdesiresrewardfortheirwork.Bothclingtotheirpositionsdespiteopposition.Botharecapableofcopingwithheavyworkloads.WhatisthefindingofHowardresearch?Theharderyouwork,thebiggeryourfortunewillbe.Theearlieryouretire,thehealthieryouwillbe.Elderlypeoplehavetoslowdowntolivelonger.Workingatanadvancedagelengthenslife.Whatisthetraditionalviewofretirementaccordingtothepassage?Itmeansaburdentotheyoungergeneration.Itisasymbolofamatureandcivilizedsociety.Itisacompensationforone'slife-longhardwork.Ithelpsincreaseaeconomicproductivity.Whatdocriticssayabout"nevertirees"?Theyareanobstacletoadevelopment.Theylackthecreativityoftheyoungergeneration.Theycannotworkasefficientlyastheyusedto.TheypreventyoungpeoplefromgettingPassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhenwetalkaboutAmericansbarelyintoadulthoodwhoaresaddledwithunbearablelevelsofdebt*theconversationisalmostalwaysaboutstudentloandebt.Butther’sagrowingbodyofevidencesuggestingthattodysyoungadultsalsodrowningincredit-carddebt-andthatmanyofthemwilltakethisdebttotheirgraves.Morethan20%overspenttheirincomebymorethan$100everysinglemonth.theyhaven’tbuiltuptheircredithistoriesyet,it'sasafebetthattheseadultsarepayingrelativelyhighinterestratesontheresultingcreditcarddebt.Althoughmanyyoungpeopleblame"socializing"asabarriertosavingmoney,mostofthemknockingback$20drinksintrendy）lounges.restrugglingwithmuchmoredailyfinancialdemands.Toadisturbinglylargeextent,theyoungandthebrokearerelyingoncreditcardstomakeituntitheirnextpayday.Thisobviouslyintsustainableinthelongrun,andit’sgoingtoputahugedragontheirspendingpowerevenaftertheyreachtheirpeakearningyears,becausethyllstillbepayinginterestonthatbottleoforangejuiceorboxofspaghettiboughtadecadeearlier.AnewstudyoutofOhioStateUniversityfoundthatyoungadultsarecreditcarddebtatamorerapidratethanotheragegroups,andthatthey'resloweratpayingitoff."Ifwhatwefoundcontinuestoholdtrue,wemayhavemoreelderlypeoplewithsubstantialfinancialproblemsinthewarnsLuciaDunn,professorofeconomicsatOhioState."Ifourfindingspersist,wemaybefacedwithafinancialcrisisamongelderlypeoplewhopayofftheircreditcards."Dunnsaysalotoftheseyoungpeoplearenevergoingtogetoutfromundertheircreditcarddebt."Manypeopleareborrowingoncreditcardssoheavilythatpayoffratesattheselevelsarenotsufficienttorecovertheircreditcarddebtbyendoftheirlife*whichcouldhavelossimplicationsforthecreditcardissuingbanks,"注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?ManyyoungAmericanswillneverbeabletopayofftheirdebts.Creditcardsplayanincreasinglyimportantroleincollegelife.Creditcardsaredoingmoreharmthanstudentloans.TheAmericancreditcardsystemisundercriticism.Whydoyoungpeoplehavetopayahigherinterestontheircreditcarddebt?Theytendtoforgetaboutthedeadlines.Theyhaven'tdevelopedacredithistory.Theyareoftenunabletopaybackintime.Theyareinexperiencedinmanagingmoney.Whatissaidtobetheconsequenceofyoungadultsrelyingoncreditcardstomakeendsmeet?Itwillplaceanunnecessaryburdenonsociety.Itwillgivethemnomotivationtoworkhard.Itwillexertpsychologicalpressureonthem.Itwillaffecttheirfuturespendingpower.WhatwillhappentoyoungadultsiftheircreditcarddebtkeepsaccordingtoLuciaDunn?Theywillhavetopayanincreasinglyhigherinterestrate.Theymayexperienceafinancialcrisisintheiroldage.Theirqualityoflifewillbeaffected.Theircreditcardsmaybecancelled.WhatdoesLuciaDunnthinkmightbeariskforthecreditcardissuingbanks?Theygobankruptasaresultofover-lending.Theyloselargenumbersoftheirregularclients.Theirclientsleavetheirdebtsunpaidupondeath.Theirinterestrateshavetobereducednowandthen.【答案解析】SectionCSectionCPassageOne參考譯文2000,60%的人并未打算正常退,75%的人希望從全職工作退休之后能盡其所能繼續(xù)工作DanielEgan(57106歲的投資家IrvingKahn公司上班,誰會阻止他呢？《美國憲法》保證現(xiàn)年78RuthBaderGinsburg這些老年人似乎是正在嘗試逃避死亡(58)加州大學(xué)河濱分校的教授HowardFriedman100牛津人口老齡化研究所主任GeorgeLeeson說我們發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對待退休的態(tài)度開始發(fā)生變化。"(59Leeson答案詳解【定位】由題干中的so-called"nevertirees"定位到第一段第三至五句。C)C)?！径ㄎ弧坑深}干中的IrvingKahnRuthBaderGinsburg句。A)位句指出，沒有人會阻止IrvingKahnRuthBaderGinsburgA)?！径ㄎ弧坑深}干中的HowardFriedman'sresearch定位到第三段第四至六句。D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。由定位句可知，HowardFriedman的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),工作最努力和事業(yè)上有所成就的人通?；畹米铋L。也就是說,老年人工作能夠延長壽命,故答案為D)?！径ㄎ弧坑深}干中的traditionalviewofretirement工作的一種補(bǔ)償,故答案為C)?！径ㄎ弧坑深}干中的critics一代人的發(fā)展，故答案為D)。參考譯文之中很多人將會把這個債務(wù)直接帶進(jìn)墳?zāi)?。超過20100(62肯定的是,這些年輕人在為產(chǎn)生的信用卡債務(wù)支付相對較高的利息。20令人不安的是，年輕人和身無分文的人在很大程度上都依賴信用來維持生計，直LudaDunnDunn答案詳解【定位】由題干中的thefirstparagraphA)?！径ㄎ弧坑深}干中的payahigherinterest肯定的是這些年輕人在為產(chǎn)生的信用卡債務(wù)支付相對較高的利息。"故答案為B)。63.【定位】由題干中的relyingoncreditcards定位到第四段。63.【定位】由題干中的relyingoncreditcards定位到第四段。D)【精析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位段明確指出年輕和身無分文的人在很大程度上都依賴信用D)。64.【定位】由題干中的LuciaDunnaccumulating定位到倒數(shù)第二段。B)【精析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位段明確指出與其他的年齡群體相比，年輕人積累信用卡債務(wù)的速度要更快……如果我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)仍然被證明是正確的話,我們將來可能會有更多的老人B)。65.【定位】由題干中的creditcardissuingbanks定位到最后一段。C)【精析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位段明確指出"很多人從信用卡中大量地借錢,但按照他們C)。2013201312)Part3SectionC【閱讀理解】SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedv4),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anewstudyshowsalargegendergaponeconomicpolicyamongtheprofessionaleconomists,adividesimilartothegenderdividefoundinthegeneralpublic."Asagroup,wearepro-market"saysAnnMariMay,co-authorofthestudyaUniversityofNebraskaeconomist."Butwomenaremorelikelytoacceptgovernmentregulationandinvolvementineconomicactivitythanourmale“It’sverysaysfreemarketeconomistVeroniquedeRugyofMercatusCenteratGeorgeMasonUniversity."NotadaygoesbythatIdon'taskmyselfwhytherearesofewwomeneconomistsonthefreemarketAnativeofFrance,deRugysupportedgovernmentintervention）earlyinherlifebutchangedhermindafterstudyingeconomics."Wewantmanyofthethingsaspoverty,morehealthcare--buthaveradicallydifferentideasonhowtoachieveit.LiberaleconomistDeanBaker,co-founderoftheCenterforEconomicPolicyandResearch,saysmaleeconomistshavebeenontheinsideoftheprofession,confirmingeachother’santi-regulationviews.Women,asoutsiders,"aremorelikelytoindependentlyoratleastseepeopleoutsideoftheeconomicsprofessionasformingtheirpeergroup,"hesays.Thegenderbalanceineconomicsischanging.One-thirdofeconomicsdoctorates(博士學(xué)位）nowgotowomen."Morediversityisneededatthetablewhenpublicisdiscussed,"Maysays.Economistsdoagreeonsomethings.FemaleeconomistsagreewithmenthatEuropehastoomuchregulationandthatWal-martisgoodforsociety.Maleeconomistswiththeirfemalecolleaguesthatmilitaryspendingistoohigh.Thegendersaremostdivorcedfromeachotheronthequestionofequalityforwomen.Maleeconomistsoverwhelminglythinkthewagegapbetweenmenandwomenlargelytheresultofindividuals'skills,experienceandvoluntarychoices.Femaleeconomistsoverwhelminglydisagreebyamarginof4-to-l.Thebiggestdisagreement：76%ofwomensayfacultyopportunitiesineconomicsfavormen.Maleeconomistspointtheopposite80%saywomenarefavoredtheprocessisneutral.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?Thegenderdivideisabigconcernofthegeneralpublic.Menandwomenunderstandeconomicsquitedifferently.Thegapbetweenmaleandfemaleeconomistsneedstobeclosed.Maleandfemaleeconomistsdisagreewidelyoneconomicpolicy.WhatdoesAnnMariMaysayaboutfemaleeconomists?Theyarestronglyagainstmaledominationintheeconomicsprofession.Theytendtosupportgovernmentinterventionineconomicactivity.Theyusuallyplayanactiveroleinpublicpolicy-making.Theyaremostlystrongadvocatesoffreemarketeconomy.WhatdowelearnabouteconomistVeroniquedeRugy?Sherepresentsmostfemaleeconomists'standpoint.Shedevotesherselftoeliminatingwomen'spoverty.Herstudyofeconomicschangedherviewongovernment'sroleineconomicactivities.Heracademicbackgroundhelpedhergetintotheinnercircleoftheeconomicsprofession.WhatdoesAnnMariMayimplyaboutpublicpolicy-making?Morefemaleeconomistsshouldgetinvolved.Itshoulddojusticetofemalestudies.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtorights.Itshouldaimatsustainabledevelopment.Onwhatissuedomaleandfemaleeconomistsdiffermost?Governmentregulation.C)Militaryspending.Jobcreation.D)Genderequality.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thenumberofpostgraduatestudentstravellingfromnon-EUcountriestostudyatUKuniversitieshasfallenforthefirsttimein16years,fuellingfearsthatthegovernment'simmigrationcrackdownisdiscouragingthousandsofthebrighteststudentsfromcontinuingtheirstudiesinBritain.JoBeall,BritishCouncildirectorofeducationandsociety,saidthefallwouldcausealarmamongUKvice-chancellors大(學(xué)行政主管）."Thesectorwasexpectingadeclineingrowth,buttheactualreductioninpostgraduatenumbersisofrealconcernasinternationalstudentsmakeupthemajorityofnumbersinmanypostgraduatecoursesandresearchteamsinscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics.”“AttractingthebrightestandmostambitiouspostgraduateandresearchstudentsiscriticaliftheUKistomaintainitsqualityreputationforresearch,"Beallsaid.Universitiesgetathirdoftheirtuitionrevenuefromnon-EUstudents.Thereisgrowingfearamongvice-chancellorsthatthisrevenue-aswellasthecultural,academicandeconomicbenefitinternationalstudentsbeing-isbeingatrisk.TimWestlake,directorforthestudentexperienceatManchesterUniversity,studentswhosefamiliesreliedonthemworkingintheUKaftertheirstudiestogainexperienceandrepaythefeeswerestartingtolookelsewhere.Lastmonththehomesecretary,TheresaMay,announcedthatembassystaffwouldinterviewmorethan100000applicantsinanattempttopreventbogus）onesenteringthecountry.ShealsosaidimmigrantswereresponsibleforpushingupUKhouseprices.Thecommentsfollowedtheintroductionofnewlimitationsstudents'righttoworkduringandaftertheirstudies.Beallsaid:“GovernmentstatisticsforthefirsttimeproviderealevidencethatthechangestoUKvisaregulationsmayhavediscouragedmanystudentsfromapplyingtotheUK,andinparticularpostgraduatestudentswhoaresoimportanttotheUK'sresearchoutput.TheUKenjoysanexcellentreputationaroundtheworldforthehighqualityofoureducationsystem,sothegovernmentneedstoensurethatinstitutionshaveallthesupporttheyneedtoattractinternationalstudentswhomakeatremendousacademic,culturalandeconomiccontributiontotheUK."注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。Whathascausedthedeclineofthenumberofnon-EUpostgraduatesintheUK?Theincreaseintuitionandfees.C)Changedimmigratio