in題目AnAnalysisof“CodeHeroinTheOldManandtheSea海明威是美國(guó)著名的小說家之一，小說《老人及?！肥蛊浍@得了1954年的諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。在此小說中，作者創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)完美的硬漢形象——桑地亞哥。《老人及?！肥且患绊憦V泛，寓意深刻的世界文學(xué)瑰寶，它廣泛地為大眾所閱讀，以至有人這樣認(rèn)為“只要是個(gè)文化人，你就會(huì)知道海明威其人。知道海明威，你就不可能不知道小說《老人及?！贰！睘槭裁催@部小說如此被廣泛的閱讀？當(dāng)然，諸多方面造就了小說的成功，但是有一點(diǎn)，毋庸置疑，那就是作者對(duì)小說主人公桑地亞哥這一永恒的藝術(shù)形象的成功塑造給人深刻印象，讓人難以忘記這個(gè)硬漢形象的代表。本文是從分析作品中老人這一形象出發(fā)，揭示“硬漢”的特征，倡導(dǎo)一種堅(jiān)忍不拔，永不言敗的精神。在論文引言中，我們將對(duì)小說的主要內(nèi)容作一簡(jiǎn)單的敘述，揭示小說的中心思想，并提出本次設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容——分析小說主人公桑地亞哥這一硬漢形象特征。后簡(jiǎn)單介紹此次論文的寫作思路及框架。論文正文的一部分為背景信息，我們通過介紹小說作者海明威的傳奇一生，指出作者及小說主人公的諸多相同之處，其中最相似之處便是都具有“硬漢”精神。在正文的第二部分，我們將結(jié)合老人捕魚前后及在大海中航行的遭遇，具體分析小說主人公的“硬漢”形象特征。這種特征主要表現(xiàn)在四個(gè)方面：首先，在任何困難情況下都不放棄希望；其次，在斗爭(zhēng)過程中始終保持高昂的斗志，永不服輸；再次，在行動(dòng)上勇往直前，打不到，擊不跨；最后，在漫長(zhǎng)的斗爭(zhēng)過程中學(xué)會(huì)忍受孤獨(dú)。本文的最后一部分為總結(jié)。通過對(duì)小說中“硬漢”形象的分析，深刻體會(huì)“硬漢”精神對(duì)當(dāng)今社會(huì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，倡導(dǎo)這種堅(jiān)忍不拔，永不言敗的精神。關(guān)鍵詞：《老人及?！?，海明威，“硬漢”，桑地亞哥AbstractHemingwaywasoneofthemostfamousnovelistsinAmerica.HecreatedaperfectimageofCodeHero:SantiagoinTheOldManandtheSeawhichwonHemingwayNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1954.TheOldManandtheSeaisoneofthemostinfluentialandfar-reachingnovelsoftheliterarytreasureoftheworld.It'ssowidely-readthatpeopleconsiderthat“Whateverthereisanintellectual,peopleknowHemingwayandnobodyknowsHemingwaywithoutknowinghisworksTheOldManandtheSe.aWhythenovelissowidelyread?Whyisitsoinfluentialandwhyisitsolovedbythepeopleofdifferentcolorsanddifferentnations?Surelymanyfactorsmaycontributetothesuccessofthenovel.Butthemainfactor,nodoubt,isthetouchingandunforgettableportraitoftheimmortalartisticfigure,Santiago,arepresentativeofCodeHero.Intheintroductionoftheessay,Iwillmakeabriefdescriptionaboutthecontentsofthisnovelandpointoutthemainideaofthenovel.ThecontentoftheessayistoanalyzethecharacteristicsofCodeHero.AndthenIwillsetoutframeworkoftheessay.Thefirstpartofthebodyisthebackgroundinformation.ThroughtheintroductiontoHemingway'slegendlife,wefindsomecommonpointsbetweentheauthorandtheoldman,andthemostfamiliarpointisthatbothofthemhavethespiritofCodeHero.Inthesecondpartofthebody,IwillportraytheprocessofhiscatchingMarlinandfightingwiththesharks.ThenIwillanalysesthespiritofCodeHero.Thespiritisconcentratedonfourareas:First,nevergiveuphopesinanydifficultconditions;secondly,keepdaringspiritandneveradmitdefeatintheprocessoffighting;thirdly,behaveheroicallyintheactualbattle;andlast,endurethelonelinessinthelongprocessofthefighting.Thelastpartoftheessayistheconclusion.Thispaperwillanalyzetheimageoftheoldman,revealthecharacteristicsofCodeHero,andadvocatethespiritofnevergivingup.KEYWORDS：TheOldManandtheSe,aHemingway,CodeHero,SantiagoContents摘要AbstractTOC\o"1-5"\h\zIntroduction 1ChapterOneTheBackgroundInformation 3AbouttheAuthor 3TheAuthor'sViewontheNovelandtheOldMan 5ChapterTwoTheFourCharacteristicsofCodeHero 8EverlastingHopefortheFuture 8DaringSpiritforFacingtheChallenge 11HeroicBehaviorintheActualBattle 14LonelinessEnduranceintheLongFighting 17Conclusion 20Acknowledgements 21Bibliography 22IntroductionTheOldManandtheSeawaspublishedin1952andwasoneofHemingway'smostsuccessfulnovelswhichwonHemingwayNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1954.ThenovelwritesaverysimplestorywhichchroniclestheadventureofSantiago,basedonatruestoryofaCubafisherman.Aftereighty-fourdayswithoutcatchingafish,Santiago,anoldCubanhooksagiantfish.Fortwodaysandtwonightstheoldmanholdsonwhilethefishpullshimfurtherandfurther.Finallyhekillsthefishandtiesittohisskiff.Almostatonce,brutalsharksbegintotakehispriceaway.Hestrugglesagainstthesharkswiththeharpoon,theoar,theknife,theshortclub.Thesharkseatallbutthebonesofthefish.Halfdeadwithexhaustion,hebringstheskeletonhomeandmakeshiswaytobedanddreamsofhisgoldentime.Inthenovel,Hemingwaycreatesanimmortalartisticfigure,Santiago,arepresentativeofCodeHero.Santiagoisapoorfishermanwholivesaloneandhasfinallylostallwilltolive.Everydayisthesamedull,monotonousroutine.Hiswifehaddied;hisonlycomfortisaboywhoisforbiddentofishdeterminationinholdingontoagargantuanfish,Santiagoisplungedintotheadventureofhislife,butwillitbringmeaningtohisdays?ButitisthespiritofCodeHerotosupporthimfightingandliving.ThechiefpointaboutSantiagoisthathebehavesperfectlyandhonorably,withgreatcourageandendurance.Whilelosingtothesharksthegiantfishhehascaught,hecomeswiththemessagethatwhilemanmaygrowold,andbewhollydownonhisluck,hecanstilldaretosticktotherules,persistwhenheisdestroyed,andthusbythemannerofhislosingtowinhisvictory.IalsowanttopointoutthatthenovelnotonlydescribesthefightbetweenhumanandnatureandfatebutalsoindicatesHemingway'sCodeHerogettingtoitssummit.Althoughtheoldmaninthenovelisweakandinthegrimfateofpressure,healsoshowsthespiritofCodeHero.Thispaperwillanalyzetheimageoftheoldman,revealthecharacteristicsofCodeHero,andadvocatethespiritofnevergivingup.ChapterOneTheBackgroundInformationAbouttheAuthorErnestHemingway(1896-1961)wasanovelistandshortstorywriterwhobecameoneofthebest-knownAmericanauthorsinhiscentury.Hewasfamousforhisexperienceanduniqueartisticstyleallovertheworld.AccordingtoTheOldManandtheSea(1952),HemingwaywontheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1954.Hemingwaycentershisnovelsonpersonalexperienceandaffections.AccordingtohisworksTheSunAlsoRises(1926)hebecametherepresentativewriterof“theLostGeneration”.Hecouldnotcopewithpost-warAmerica,andthereforeheintroducedanewtypeofcharacterinwritingcalledthe“CodeHero”.Hemingwayisknowntofocushisnovelsaroundcodeheroeswhostrugglewiththemixtureoftheirtragicfaultsandthesurroundingenvironment.Moreover,Hemingway'screationnotonlyoriginatedfromlifetruetolifebutsuperiortolife.Hemingwayisarealismwriter,consequently,copiedsomethingmechanically.Hewasalsoamasterofturningrealityintofiction,representingnotonlywhathadactuallyhappenedbutalsowhatlogicallymighthappen.Hedidn'tlayspecialemphasisbyhisinnerbeauty.SoSantiagoleavedanindelibleimpressiontous.HemingwayoncesaidthatTheOldManandtheSeacouldbeinalongernovel.Inthenovel,hecoulddescribemanyothervillagersandhowtheymadealivelylife,howtheywereeducated,howtheyborechildren,andsoon.Butheomittedallthose,onlydescribing,theoldmanandtheprocessoffishingtheMarlinandfightingthesharks.Besides,Hemingwaynotonlyreflectedreallifebutalsoexpressedhimselfinhiswork.Or,wecansay,Hemingway'screationissuperiortolife.Santiagoshowedthespirit“undefeated”whichHemingwayhas.SoHemingway'slifeattitudehasbeenwidelyrecognizedandimitatedallovertheworld.HemingwayisworthytobecalledtheCodeHero:hewasborninanintenselymiddle-classfamily,Chicago,OakPark.Hisfather,whowasadoctor,devotedtohunting,fishingandinfluencedonHemingwaygreatlywhenhewasthreeyearsold,hisfathergavehimafishingpoleforhisbirthdaygift.Whenhewastenyearsold,hegotahuntinggun.Asaboyoffourteen,hewasencouragedtopracticeboxing.Hemingwayfoughtinthetwoworldwars:inthefirstwarasamedicalsoldier,andthesecondasareporter.HetookpartinWorldWarIasanhonorarylieutenantintheRedCross.Hewentoverseasasanambulancedriver.Hewaswoundedmanytimesandexperiencedatleast12operationswhichtookout227piecesofartilleryshells.Besides,hesufferedagreatdealfromaviationaccident:hiseyesinjuredwhilehuntingandinAfricanjunglehewasintwoairplaneaccidentsinthespacesoftwodays.Allthesedidn'tdefeatHemingway.Hewassuchamanwhoturneddowndefeat.Whenhewasoldhewaspoorinhealth.Stillheindulgedhimselfinfishing,huntingandbull-fightingfromwhichhepursuedthrillingscenesandenjoyedhimselfinfighting.Howeverthereisaquestion,“IsHemingwaytimidandpessimistic,sothatheiscommittedsuicide?”Theanswer,ofcourse,is“No”,Hemingwaysufferedmuchillnessandinjuryandhecommittedsuicideatlast.Buthissuicidecannotshowhewastimidandpessimistic.Onthecontrary,hesetuponimageofbraverbecauseheregardedhisillnessandinjuryashis“enemy”suchasthesharks.Heusedhislifeasaweapon,inordertogetridofhis“enemy”,hewouldratherchoosetodie.Heandhis“enemy”endedincommonruin.TheAuthor'sViewontheNovelandtheOldManHemingwaydefinedtheCodeHeroas“amanwithlivescorrectly,followingtheidealsofhonor,courageandenduranceinaworldthatissometimeschaotic,oftenstressful,andalwayspainful”(TheAmericanTraditioninLiterature,Page78).Heshowed,inhisfamousphraseforit,“graceunderpressure”.TheCodeHeromeasureshimselfbyhowwelltheyhandlethedifficultsituationsthatlifethrowsathim.IntheendtheCodeHerowilllosebecauseweareallmortal,butthetruemeasureishowapersonfacesdeath.Thecodebelievesin“Nada”,aSpanishwordmeaningnothing.Alongwiththis,thereisnothingafterlife.Hemingway'sviewofhumannatureisthathappinessisrareandisfoundwithinamanandnotinhisoutsidecircumstanceorsurroundings.Hemingwayillustratesthisinthreeways.First,heportraysthehumannatureofSantiago,themaincharacter,asbeingoneofhumilityandcompassion,fullofstrengthandpride.Heisshownnotasagleefullyhappyman,butonewhomeetslifewithaserene,quietresilience.Second,Santiago'sfellowvillagersareshownasshallow,withanarrowviewoflifecomparedtohis.TheirfocusonappearancesisinsharpcontrasttoSantiago'sfocusonintrinsicvalues.Third,itwillbeshownthathisrarebrandofhappinesscomesfromwithin.ToHemingway,thedignityofamanshouldbesoimportanttothatmanthatheiswillingtodieforit.MostlikelythatisthereasonSantiagowentdeepintothatsea,followingtheMarlin,tearingtheskinoffhishandsasheheldontothatline.ThisisalsowhySantiagoriskedhislifecatchingtheMarlin.Finally,hecaughtthemarlin,hewasproudofhimselfthathesoextremelywanted.Whenthesharksattackthefish,itisassameasthesharksattackinghisdignity.Thisismostlywhyanelderlyman,armedonlywithcrudeweaponswouldfightmanysharks.AsthesharkstearaparttheMarlinbitbybit,itisastheyaretearingaparthisdignitybitbybit.ThatiswhySantiagofoundthecouragetofightoffsharkstoprotecthisdignity.Hemingwayshowsthatamanwillnotriskhislifeforhisdignity,thenwhatisinthatlifetolivefor?Eventhoughtheoldmanlostthebattlewiththesharksattheend,“hisobtundingandpersistentdeterminationmakeshimasaperfectCodeHero”(TheAmericanTraditioninLiterature,Page82).Hehaddoneeverythingapersonpossiblycouldhave.ThroughSantiagoHemingwaytoldusthatwearewhollydownonourluckanddestroyedintheend.Thenweshouldconductourselvesjustliketheoldfisherman,notbepessimisticanddisappointedbuttokeeponstrugglinguntilwegetwhatwewant.Thatis,undefeatedspiritismostimportant.ThisisalsothenormalprincipleofHemingway.IthinkSantiagoinTheOldManandtheSeawasHemingwayhimself.InTheOldManandtheSe,aHemingwaywasfondofhimandsanghighpraiseofhim.Heplacedhispersonalexperienceontheoldmanandreflectedsomeofhisinnatecharacters.HemingwaymergedhimselfwithSantiagointhoughtsandfeelings.ThespiritofSantiagolastedandre-embodiedonHemingway.ThroughoutSantiago,theoldmancannotacceptthefactthatheisgettingoldandthatheslowlycastinghisstrength.Hemingwayinrealitywashavingthesameproblems.Hewasgettingoldandthingsheoncedid,henolongercoulddo.JustasHemingwaycouldnotacceptthatfact,neithercouldhischaracter:Santiago.Infact,Hemingwayutilizedhislifetoshowthathewasanunconquerable“oldlion”.ChapterTwoTheFourCharacteristicsofCodeHeroEverlastingHopefortheFutureOnemaylosethebattleinlife,buthecanachieveamoralsignificanceafterhiscourage,braveryandabilitytoendurehavebeentested.Becausehopedoesnotdie,powerisnotoff.Evenifthehopeisslim,wealsomusttryourbesttofightforit.Theauthorbelievesthat,hopemakestheoldmantofightwiththeMarlin,fightwiththesharksandfightwithhisownwill.Atthebeginningofthenovel,theauthorportraystheimageoftheoldman.“Theoldmanwasthinandgauntwithdeepwrinklesinthebackoftheneck.Thebrownblotchedofthebenevolentskincancerthesunbringsfromitsreflectiononthetropicseawereonhischeeks.Theblotchesranwelldownthesidesofhiscords.Butnoneofthesescarswereflesh.Theywereasoldaserosionsinafishlessdesert”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page1).Whenwereadhere,wemaybeshowoursympathytotheoldmanandthinkthathecannotdoanything.Furthermore,Santiago'slifeisnotingoodcondition.Helivesinashackinwhichthereisonlyabed,onechairandaplaceonthedirtyfloortocookwithcharcoal.Heissopoorthathadno“potofyellowriceandfishtoeat”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page2).Whilesailingforfishing,hehasonlyabottleofwaterwithhim.Heleadsalonelylife.Hiswifediedleavinghimnochildren.Exceptaboyheoncetaughttofish,hehasfewfriends.Itseemsthatfewpeoplecarehim.Whatismore,heisafailureincatchingfish.Foreighty-fourdayshefishedinaskiffwithouttakingafish.Eighty-fourdaysisalongperiodoftime.Eighty-fourdayswithoutafishisveryunfortunateforafisherman.Foraweather-beaten,poverty-strickenandlonelyoldmanlikeSantiago,themiserymightbebeyondanyone'sintolerance.Foramancantoleratefailure,butcan'ttoleratecontinuousfailure.Toomuchfailurewillsuredefeatamanevenwithstrongwill.Forthisreason,wemayarriveattheconclusionthatSantiagowillgiveupfishing.Buttooursurprise,thecolorofthecharacterisbrighterinthefollowing,“everythingabouthimwasoldexcepthiseyesandtheywerethesamecolorastheseaandwerecheerfulandundefeated”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page2).Theeyesoftheoldmanarenotstuffyandhehastheeyesthose“werethesamecolorasthesea”thatonlytheyoungmanhas,whichshowstheoldmanhasayoungheartastheyoung.“Hefittedtheropelashingsoftheoarsontothetholepinsand,leaningforwardagainstthethrustofthebladesinthewater,hebegantorowoutoftheharborinthedark”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page18).Theoldmanfirmlyinsiststhathewillnotalwaysbeunfortunate,andshipsintothedeepseawithoutlookingback.Whatmakestheoldmanmakesuchadecisionunderthedifficultcondition?Throughtheman,theauthorpointsout—eventhoughlifeisharder,eventhewretchedstandpoint,“Butwhoknows?Maybetoday.Everydayisanewday”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page22).Thisisthehopeforthefuture,nevergivinguphopeforthefuture.Theauthorfurtherstrengthensthecharacteroftheoldman—theCodeHero.WhenthesharkshaveeatenhalfoftheMarlin,“itissillynottohope,hethought.BesidesIbelieveitisasin.Donotthinkaboutsin,hethought”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page90).“heforkedthetillerfreefromtherudderandbeatandchoppedwithit,holdingitdownagainandagain…”Finally,hesawonesharkcameagainsttheheadofthisfish,andheknewallwasover.Heswungthetilleracrosstheshark'sheadwherethejawswerecaughtintheheavinessofthefish'sheadwhichwouldnottear.Heswungitonceandtwiceandagain.Heheardthetillerbreakandhelungedatthesharkwiththesplinteredburr.Hefeltitgoinandknowingitwassharphedroveitinagain.Thesharkletgoandrolledaway.Thatwasthelastsharkofthepackthatcame.Therewasnothingmoreforthemtoeat.Atlast,hesailedbackintoharborexhaustedly,withaskeletonofhisfishandabrokenskiff.“She'sgood,hethought.Sheissoundandnotharmedinanywayexceptforthetiller.Thatiseasilyreplaced”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page109).Allwhattheoldmanseesaregoodside.Hefailed,however,“heisnot‘defeated',despitethefactthathasbeen‘beaten',ashehimselfadmits,byhisviolationofthesacredcode.Hepronouncesthatnothing'beathimreallyandthathisonlyfaultwasthathe‘wentouttoofar'”(ElegantDemeanorunderHeavyPressure,Page90).DaringSpiritforFacingtheChallengeTheprocessoftheoldman'sfishingisjustlikethehuman'swholelife.Everyoneintheworldlivesahardlifeandhastofacethevastandvastsea,thegreedysharkswithsharptooth,andalongwithhimselfisjustaboatandhissoulthatsupporthimliveintheworld.Facingwiththerespectedbutfearsomenature,thehumanbeingissoinsignificant.Howevertheauthorhasraisedsuchaquestion:bywhatthehumanbeingshouldhavetoliveinthework?Atthesametime,theauthoransweredthisquestionbyportrayingthewaythattheoldmanfacestheseaanddealswiththesharksalone.“Justthen,watchinghislines,hesawoneoftheprojectinggreensticksdipsharply.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page31)Abigfishishooked.Atthefirstroundofcontest,theoldmansuppresseshisowndesireandwaitsthefishtoeatthehookquietly.Theoldman'ssilentsoundsreflecthisstrongdesirefromthedeepheart.“Eatthem,fish.Eatthem.Pleasedeatthem.Howfreshtheyareand…”“‘Comedown,'theoldmansaidaloud.‘Makeanotherturn.Justsmellthem.Aren'ttheylovely?Eatthemgoodnowandthenthereisthetuna.Don'tbeshy,fish.Eatthem.'”(TheOldManandtheSea,32)Withpatienttheoldmanfacesthesilentbeforethebattle.Nextisthecontestofthestrength.Theoldman“swingwitheacharmalternatelyonthecordwithallthestrengthofhisarmandthepivotedweightofhisbody.”But“nothinghappened.Thefishjustmovedawayslowlyandtheoldmancouldnotraisehimaninch.”Thefishissobigthatcanpullawaytheboattothewiderdeepsea.Atonesideisaveryoldman,andattheothersideisunfathomableseaandunknowninjuries,thereaderscanimaginethepicture.Hegeleversaid,“Thegreatpersonalityandthedegreeoffirmnesscanonlybemeasuredbythoseoftheopponents.”(TheImageinHemingway's‘TheOldManandtheSe'a,Page24)Theoldman'sadmirablecourageisalsodemonstratedbytheopponent—theseaandthesharks.Onthereturningvoyagetheoldmansuffersgreaterchallenge:theMarlin'sblooddrawsthesharksgroup.Theauthorusesmuchinktoportraythesharks“wide,flattened,shovel-pointedheadsnowandtheirwhite-tippedwidepectoralfins.Theywerehatefulsharks,bad-smelling,scavengersaswellaskillers,andwhentheywerehungrytheywouldbiteatanoarortherudderofaboat.Itwasthesesharksthatwouldcuttheturtle'slegsandflippersoffwhentheturtleswereasleeponthesurface,andtheywouldhitamaninthewater,iftheywerehungry…”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page93)Theseportraysaimtodescribetheoldman'sspirit.Theharderthefishandthesharksaretodefeat,thetallertheoldman'simageis.Theessenceoftheoldmanisweak.“Unlesssharkscome,”hesaidout.“Ifsharkscome,Godpityhimandme.”“IwishithadbeenadreamnowandthatIhadneverhookedthefishandwasaloneinbedonthenewspapers.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page89)But“manisnotmadedefeated,”hesaid,“Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page89)“‘Ay,'theoldmansaid.‘Galanos.Comeon,galanos.'”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page93)“‘Fightthem,'hesaid,‘I'llfightthemuntilIdie.'”“Nowtheyhavebeatenme,hethought.Iamtoooldtoclubsharkstodeath.ButIwilltryitaslongasIhavetheoarsandtheshortclubandthetiller.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page97)Theoldmanchallengestheage,andchallengesthephysicallimit.“Hefeltfaintagainnowbutheheldonthegreatfishallthestrainthathecould.Imovedhim,hethought.MaybethistimeIcangethimover.Pull,hands,hethought.Holdup,legs.Lastforme,head.Lastforme.Youneverwent.ThistimeIwillpullhimover.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page78)Thesewordsandbehaviorsalloriginatefromtheoldman'sdesiretothevictoryandstrength.Theoldmancantalkthebaseballwiththechildhappily.Andheoftendreamsofthelions,whichcanexpressthispointstrongly.Lions,inthewesternworld,wereconsideredasasymbolofstrengthandpower.Whentheoldmanwasyoung,hisspiritofdaringtobethenumberonehasbeenaccumulated.TheauthorportraysthattheoldmanplayedthehandgamewithagreatNegrofromCasablancawhowasthestrongestmanonthedocks,“theyhadgoneonedayandonenightwiththeirelbowsonachalklineonthetableandtheirforearmsstraightupandtheirhandsgrippedtight.Eachonewastryingtoforcetheother'shanddownontothetable.”“Hehadunleashedhiseffortandforcedthehandofthenegrodownanddownuntilitrestedonthewood.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page57)“Hedecidedthathecouldbeatanyoneifhewantedtobadlyenoughand…”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page59)It'snodoubtthat,theageofbeingfullofenergyandpowerhasgoneandtheoldmanisnotstrongerthaneverbefore.Butfromthenovelwecanseethattheoldmanissoeagertoregainthepower.Hepursueswhatiscalledaeternalthing—dignityofthehuman.HeroicBehaviorintheActualBattleDefinitelyamidgetinspiritualcouldn'tbecomeanactualgiant.Ifapersonhasstrongwillbuthetakesnoactualaction,heisstillamidget.Santiagodoesn'tonlyhavespiritualpower,healsoprovehispowerandstrengthbyhisaction.BydescribingtheprocessofhisfishingtheMarlinandfightingwiththesharks,HemingwayshowsusanothercharacteristicofSantiagoasacodehero.Thatis,todisplaygreattenacityandtoshowthedeath—defyingspiritintheactualbattle.Withhisexceedingself-confidencehegetsridofhisbadluckandcatchesthefishwhichislongerthanhisskiff.TheMarlinisimmenseandstrong.SantiagoandtheMarlin,neithersideisreadytoyield.Thegreatfishisalsoaremarkableandrespectablefish.TheMarlinisactuallytowingtheskiffbehindhim.Thefishmovessteadilyandtheytravelsslowlyonthecalmwater.“Thecontestistoseewhocanendurelongerthantheother.BythistimeSantiago'sstrawhatcutshisforeheadandhehasbeenwithoutnourishmentforhours.Buthejustdrinksalittlewater,thenherestedsittingonthesittingontheunstoppedmastandsailandtriednottothinkbutonlytoendure”(TheAmericanTraditioninLiterature,Page117).Intheoldman'sattitudetothefishthereisthetypeofgallantryandheroismthatHemingwayadmires.Thisgallantry,thisheroism,isparalleledbythestoicalheroismofthegreatMarlin,likehisopponent,neithergivesup.Inaddition,theforceexertedbytheoldmanisexactlycounter—balancedbythenaturalforcebeingexertedatthistimebythehugehiddenfish.JustbecausetheMarlinisasstrongmindedasSantiagohimself,SantiagobeginstoloveandrespecttheMarlin.AlthoughtheMarlinhasswallowedthebait,hedoesn'tadmithisfailure.“Thefishmadeasurgethatpulledhimdownonhisfaceandmadeacutbelowhiseye.Thebloodrandownhischeekalittleway.Butiscoagulatedanddriedbeforeitreachedhischinandheworkedhiswaybacktothehowandrestedagainstthewood.”AtthistimeifSantiagocutthelineandletsthefishgo,hecangetridoftheembracement,butthatalsomeansSantiagofailsinthebattle.Santiagodoesn'tchoosesuchasolution.Heevendoesn'tthinkofit.Whenheisthirsty,hetakessomewater;whenheissleepy,heliesforwardcramminghimselfagainstthelinewithallofhisbody,puttingallhisweightontohisrighthand.Evenhislefthandcrampsandhisrighthandiscutbytheline,hejusttrieshisbesttoendure.Fromtheoldfisherman'spointofview,anypaindoesnotmattertoaman.HemakesresolutiontostaywiththeMarlinuntilheisdead.ThenSantiagomeetswithamoreterribledisaster.ThesharksspringontheMarlinandwanttotakehisprizeaway.Theoldfishermandoesn'tfoldhishandsandwaitfordestruction.Instead,hebravelydeterminestofightthemuntilhedies.Actuallytheoldman'sheadisclearandgoodnow.Heisfullofresolutiontofightwiththemuntilthesharks.Butheknowsthatthereislittlehopeforhimtowinsinceheissowearyandsotired.Heknowsthefailureisinevitable.Butheshouldbehaveasamaninthebattlefield.Withhisbloodmashedhandsheramstheharpoondownontothebiggestshark,butthesharktakeshisharpoonaway.Sohelasheshisknifetothebuttofoneoftheoars.Thenhetakesuptheoarwiththeknifebladesnaps.Inthedark,groupsofsharksspringontotheMarlin.Heknowsthathistriumphistoogoodtolast.Butontheotherhand,“manisnotmadefordefeat,”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page89)thisdeclarationclearlypresentshischaracteristicasaCodeHero.“Thisfidelitytowhathebelievesispartofhisquixoticgallantry.”Infacingsomanysharks,Santiagodoesn'tshowanyfear.Hepullshimselftogetherandfightsthesharksmorefiercely.LonelinessEnduranceintheLongFightingTheauthordoesn'ttellustheoriginsoftheoldman,nobodyknowswherehecomesfrom,nordoesnooneknowwhetherhehasrelatives.“Hewasanoldmanwhofishedaloneinaskiff,”onlyachildcompanieswithhim.Butafter40days,thechildisalsogoingawayorderedbyhisparents.Theoldmanhastofacetheseaandthesharks.Butthesearenotthemostfearfulthing,thegreatestfearisloneliness.Thefeelingoflonelinessismorefearfulthanlonelinessitself.Theonlywaytheoldmanresolvesitistotalktohimself.Theauthorhasmanyportraysthattheoldmanistalkingtohimself:Atthebeginning,“helookedacrosstheseaandknewhowalonehewasnow.”But“hecouldseetheprismsinthedeepdarkwaterandthelinestretchingaheadandthestrangeundulationofthecalm.Thecloudswerebuildingupnowforthet