什么是虛擬語氣？虛擬語氣表示所敘述的不是事實，而是一種愿望、假設、建議、猜測或使語氣婉轉。虛擬語氣的應用一、虛擬語氣在if條件狀語從句中的應用二、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應用三、虛擬語氣在asif/asthough引導的方式狀語從句的應用四、特殊句型的虛擬語氣五、難點：特殊虛擬條件句第1頁/共27頁第一頁，共28頁。一、虛擬語氣在if條件狀語從句中的應用1、與現在事實相反（對現在的虛擬）從句謂語：主句謂語：IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.一般過去時would,should,could,might+動詞原形第2頁/共27頁第二頁，共28頁。IfI____aboy,I____thearmy.A.were,wouldjoin B.am,shalljoinC.was,wouldjoinD.was,shalljoinA注意：在虛擬語氣的從句中，be動詞的過去式一律用were，不能用was。第3頁/共27頁第三頁，共28頁。2、與將來事實相反（對將來的虛擬）從句謂語：主句謂語：IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Ishouldgotoseeafilm.IfheshouldhavetimenextSunday,hewouldgotovisittheGreatWall.IfIweretobetwentynextyear,Icouldtakethecourse.1）一般過去時would,should,could,might+動詞原形2）should+動詞原形3）wereto+動詞原形第4頁/共27頁第四頁，共28頁。Ifhe____inadayortwo,Iwouldwaitforhim.A.returns B.shouldhavereturnedC.weretoreturn D.hadreturned2)Idon’tthinkhewillattendtheparty.Butifhe____theparty,whatwouldhewear?A.shouldattend B.wouldattendC.attend D.hadattendedCA第5頁/共27頁第五頁，共28頁。3、與過去事實相反（對過去的虛擬）從句謂語：主句謂語：Ifhehadcomeearlieryesterday,hewouldhaveseenher.過去完成時即had+動詞的過去分詞would,should,could,might+have+動詞的過去分詞第6頁/共27頁第六頁，共28頁。Ifyou____thedoctor’sadvice,youwouldhaverecoveredalready.A.followed B.wouldfollowC.follow D.hadfollowed2)Ididn’tknowSmithwascominguntilnow.Ifyouhadletmeknowyesterday,I____totheairporttomeethim.A.wouldhavegone B.wouldgoC.willhavegone D.willgoDA第7頁/共27頁第七頁，共28頁。注意：if虛擬條件句的倒裝和省略：當從句中有were,had或should時,可省略if，把它們放在句首。1.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldhavelotsofstudents._____Iateacher,Iwouldhavelotsofstudents.2.IfIhadenteredrui’anhighschool,Iwouldnotsitherenow._________enteredrui’anhighschool,Iwouldnotsitherenow.3.IfweshouldvisitZhejiangUniversitytomorrow,Iwouldplaybasketballthere._____________visitZhejiangUniversitytomorrow,Iwouldplaybasketballthere.WereHadI

Shouldwe第8頁/共27頁第八頁，共28頁。二、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應用1、wish+賓語從句

IwishIwereadoctor.IwishIshouldgoabroadnextyear.3)IwishIhadseenthefootballmatch.與現在事實相反，賓語從句的謂語動詞用過去時。與將來事實相反，賓語從句的謂語動詞用would,could,might+動詞原形。與過去事實相反，賓語從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。第9頁/共27頁第九頁，共28頁。注意1：以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。即：(should)＋v.order,command/advice,suggestion,proposal/demand,requirement,request,desireMydemandisthatshe_____________(come)

toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory________________________(closedown).(should)come(should)be

closeddown第10頁/共27頁第十頁，共28頁。2、suggest等動詞+賓語從句（在賓語從句中，謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should可省略。）這類動詞有：

insistorder,commandadvise,suggest,proposedemand,require,request,desire即:一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求。Practice：我們建議湯姆去休息一下。Wesuggestedthat___________________________.他堅決要求我向他道歉。Heinsistedthat_____________________________.Tom

(should)have

arestI(should)apologizetohim堅持要某人做某事第11頁/共27頁第十一頁，共28頁。注意2：insist,suggest后接的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣的情況。sheinsistedthatshewasright.2)Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy.當insist的意思是堅持某人自己的觀點，堅持認為時，后接的賓語從句不能用虛擬語氣。當suggest的意思是暗示、表明時，后接的賓語從句不能用虛擬語氣。第12頁/共27頁第十二頁，共28頁。Iwouldratheryou

______(pay)menow.Iwouldratheryoualso___________(go)yesterday.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryou

_________(come)tomorrow.3、wouldrather+賓語從句表示現在或將來的情況，謂語動詞用一般過去式表示過去的情況，謂語動詞用過去完成時。paid

came

hadgone第13頁/共27頁第十三頁，共28頁。根據漢語意思補全下列句子（每空一詞）如果我?guī)уX了，我就會借給你一些。IfIhadmoneywithme,I_______________________________.2.如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯了。Ifhe_____________________________,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.3.如果下周日大雪，我們就不去滑冰了。Ifthere_______aheavysnownextSunday,we_____________________________.4.如果貝蒂知道你的地址，她早就給你寫信了。_________Betty________youraddress,shewouldhavewrittentoyou.5.如果我還年輕，我會努力學習取得學位。________________,Iwouldstudyhardtogetadegree.would

lendyousomehadtakenmyadvicewerewouldnotgoskatingHadknownWereIyoung第14頁/共27頁第十四頁，共28頁。三、虛擬語氣在asif/asthough引導的方式狀語從句的應用Hebehavesasifhe

________(own)thehouse.

從句表示的情況

從句謂語動詞形式

與現在事實相反

一般過去時

與過去事實相反過去完成時(had+過去分詞)

owned第15頁/共27頁第十五頁，共28頁。1)Shelovesthebabyasifit____________(be)herownson.2)Irememberthewholethingasifit_________________(happen)yesterday.were

hadhappened

第16頁/共27頁第十六頁，共28頁。evenif(eventhough)即使

Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.

EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.第17頁/共27頁第十七頁，共28頁。1、It’s(high)time+(that)…該是做……的時候了should+v.過去時你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。It’stimethatyouwent.It’stimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.

(should不可省略)四、特殊句型的虛擬語氣第18頁/共27頁第十八頁，共28頁。2、It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/impossible/apity…+that從句，

從句中的動詞要用虛擬,即(should)+動詞原形

Itisimportant

thatwe_____________(master)aforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatshe

_____________(refuse)tocometotheparty.It’snecessary

thatwe

_____________(study)hard.It’sapitythatyou_______________(miss)agoodchance.(should)master(should)refuse(should)study(should)miss第19頁/共27頁第十九頁，共28頁。3.Ifonly引導的感嘆句（要是...該有多好啊)

對現在的虛擬,用過去式;

對過去的虛擬,用過去完成時。翻譯：要是我知道答案就好了！

IfonlyIknewtheanswer!

要是我沒錯過火車就好了！

IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!第20頁/共27頁第二十頁，共28頁。五、難點：特殊虛擬條件句1.錯綜時間條件句:主句的謂語和條件從句的謂語表示的動作在時間上不一致,這時主從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同,這叫做______________。Ifyou___________(ask)himyesterday,you______________(know)whattodonow.Ifthestaff__________(be)morecareful,themall_______________(notbe)onfirenow.例句中從句與過去事實相反,主句與現在事實相反混合條件句hadaskedwouldknowhadbeenwouldnotbe第21頁/共27頁第二十一頁，共28頁。2.含蓄條件句：條件從句不表示出來，而是暗含在上下文或短語中，如介詞without或butfor（要不是）引導的短語，代替if引導的虛擬條件句。Withoutwater(=Iftherewerenowater),fishcouldnotlive.對現在的虛擬，用would/should/could/might+V原Butforyourhelp(=Ifyouhadnothelpedme)，Iwouldhavefailed.對過去的虛擬，用would/should/could/mighthavedone第22頁/共27頁第二十二頁，共28頁。情態(tài)動詞+havedonecouldhavedone本來可以---mighthavedone本來可能---should/oughttohavedone本來應該做---shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不該做--needn’thavedone本不必做---wouldhavedone本來會去做----你本不應該告訴她真相。Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了。Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.我沒有足夠的錢．否則我會買那本書的。Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.第23頁/共27頁第二十三頁，共28頁。用括號內所給詞的適當形式填空。1.IfI_________(know)moreaboutgivingfirstaid,I_____________________(help)themwhentheaccidenthappened.2.IfI______(be)aman,I___________(run)forpresident.3.—Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthesidedo