２023年1２月大學(xué)英語六級真題及答案

PartI

Wrｉtiｎｇ(30miｎutes)Ｄirections:

Ｆｏrtｈispａrt,ｙouａｒｅaｌloｗed30minuteｓｔoｗriｔeasｈoｒtesｓayentitleｄ

TheＷaytoＳuｃcess

bycomｍｅnｔingonAｂrａhamLincoln'sfamousｒemａｒｋ,＂Ｇiｖeｍｅsｉxｈoｕrstochopｄｏｗｎatreｅ,aｎdIwilｌｓpend,tｈefｉrstfourｓhａrpenｉngｔhｅａxe．"Yoｕshｏuldwriｔｅaｔleaｓt

15０

ｗordｓbutnomoretｈan

2０0

ｗordｓ.ＴheWaytoSuｃｃess注意：此部分試題請在答題卡１上作答。PaｒtIＩ

ReadiｎgCompｒehｅｎsｉｏｎ(SｋimmｉngaｎdScaｎｎinｇ)

(１5miｎｕtｅs)Dｉｒectioｎs:

Intｈｉspart,yoｕwｉｌlhavｅ15miｎutｅｓtoｇoovertｈｅpassaｇequicklyandａnsｗｅrｔｈｅqueｓtionson

AｎｓｗerＳheeｔ1.

Forquｅstｉons1－7,choｏsetｈebｅsｔａｎｓweｒfrｏm

thefoｕrcｈoiceｓmａrkedA）,Ｂ),C）andD).Forqｕeｓtｉons8-10,compｌeｔethesentenｃesｗｉththeｉｎfoｒmａt(yī)ｉongivｅｎｉnｔheｐasｓaｇe.Ｇｏｏgｌe'sPｌanｆorWorｌd＇ｓBｉgｇｅstＯnｌiｎeLｉbraｒy:PhiｌａnthｒopyOrAcｔofPiｒacy?Inrｅcｅntｙears,teaｍsoｆworｋersdiｓｐatcheｄｂyＧooglｅhavｅｂｅenworｋiｎgharｄtｏmakｅ

diｇitaｌcｏpｉeｓｏfbｏｏｋｓ．Sofａｒ,Googlｅhassｃaｎｎeｄｍorethan10mｉllｉontｉｔlesfromliｂrａriesｉｎ

ＡmeｒｉcaaｎｄEuｒｏpｅ

-

iｎcｌudingｈａlfamｉllionvｏluｍｅshｅldbytheBodleiａninOxfoｒd.Tｈeexact

ｍethoｄiｔuseｓiｓunclear；ｔhecomｐanydｏeｓnotalｌｏwoｕtsiderｓtooｂservethｅpｒocesｓ.WhyisGoogleuｎdeｒｔａkｉngｓuchaventｕre？Whyisiｔeveｎiｎｔeｒeｓｔedinａlltｈoseout－oｆ-ｐriｎtｌｉbrarybookｓ，ｍostofｗhichｈavｅbeengaｔherｉnｇdusｔｏｎｆoｒgｏｔtｅｎshelｖｅｓfｏrdｅcades？Ｔhecｏmｐanｙclaimｓitｓmotiveｓareesｓｅntｉａllypｕblｉｃ-ｓpiriｔed.Ｉｔsoveralｌmissｉon,afｔｅｒalｌ,ｉsto"orｇanｉse

ｔｈeworld＇sｉnfoｒｍation",soitwouldｂeｏdｄiｆtｈatiｎformａｔionｄｉdnoｔiｎcｌｕdebｏokｓ.Thｅcｏｍpanylikｅstｏpresenｔitｓelｆasｈaviｎｇlofｔyaspｉrations．"Thisreallyｉsn'ｔabｏutmaｋingｍｏney.Wｅaredoinｇthiｓｆｏｒthegｏoｄｏfｓｏｃietｙ."ＡsSａｎtｉagoｄelａＭoｒａ,headofＧooglｅBｏoksfｏｒEuropｅ,puｔsit:＂Ｂymakｉnｇitｐossｉbleｔoseａrｃｈｔｈeｍilliｏnsofｂooｋｓthateｘiｓttoday,ｗeｈopｅ

ｔoeｘpaｎdthefrontiｅrsｏfhumanknowlｅｄge."ＤanＣlaｎcy,theｃhiｅｆarｃhitectoｆGooｇｌeBookｓ，dｏｅｓｓｅeｍgｅnｕineiｎhisｃｏnviｃｔioｎtｈａt(yī)tｈｉsisprｉmarilya

philantｈroｐiｃ

(慈善的)exercｉse."Gooｇle'scorebusinｅｓsｉsseaｒcｈandｆｉnd,ｓooｂvｉousｌywｈaｔheｌpsimproｖeGoｏgle'ssearchengineisgoodfoｒGoogle,"hｅsaｙs．＂Ｂutｗｅhavenevｅrbuilｔa

spｒｅaｄsheet

(電子數(shù)據(jù)表）outｌｉｎiｎgtｈefiｎａnciａlｂenefitsoftｈis，andIhavenevｅrhａdtojustｉｆyｔheamｏuntIaｍsｐｅｎdiｎgｔｏthｅcｏmpany'sfouｎdｅｒs."Itｉｓeａsy,ｔａlｋｉngｔｏＣlancyandhiscolｌeagues,ｔｏbｅsweptalonｇｂythｅirmｉssionaｒypａssioｎ.

ButＧooｇlｅ'sbook-ｓcａｎｎｉngprojeｃtisprovinｇcｏｎtrｏversial．Severaloｐponｅｎｔshａvｅrecently

emergｅｄ,ｒangiｎgfｒomrivaｌtechgｉantssuchａsＭiｃｒosｏftaｎdAmazｏｎｔosmａｌlbodｉesrepresｅｎｔingauthorｓandｐublishersacroｓstｈeworlｄ.Inbroａdtermｓ,ｔｈｅｓeoｐpoｎｅnｔshavelevｅlledｔｗosｅｔs

ofcｒitiｃismsatGoogle.Firｓt,ｔheyhavequestｉonedｗhetheｒｔhｅprｉｍaｒｙreｓponｓｉbiｌｉｔyｆordigitallyarchivingtｈeworｌd's

bｏｏkｓshoｕldbｅaｌlowedtofalｌtｏaｃoｍmｅrcialcoｍpany．Inarｅｃentessaｙｉnthe

NewYｏｒkＲｅｖｉewofBooks,

RｏbｅrｔDarntｏn,thehｅadofHarvardTheseｃondrｅlatedｃritｉcｉsmisｔhaｔGoｏｇle＇sscaｎningofｂookｓisactuallｙｉllegａl．ＴhｉsallegatiｏｎhaｓleｄtoGoｏgｌebeｃoming

miredin

(陷入)alegalbatｔｌewｈosesｃopeandcomplexｉtyｍaｋeｓ

theJarnｄyceandJarndycecasｅｉnＣharｌesＤickenｓ'

BleakHousｅ

lｏokstraigｈｔｆoｒward.Atitscentrｅ,howevｅr,isonｅsimｐleisｓｕe:thatoｆｃopyｒight.Theincｏnveｎｉentfactaboutmost

ｂookｓ,towhichGoｏglehasaｒguａblypaｉdｉnsufficｉentａt(yī)ｔｅntion,isthaｔｔｈeｙａreprotｅcｔedby

cｏｐyriｇｈt.Coｐyrｉghｔlawsdiffｅrfromｃouｎtｒytocoｕｎtｒｙ，ｂｕｔingeｎeralｐrｏteｃtioｎexｔendｓｆoｒｔｈe

dｕrationofａnauthor'slｉfeandfoｒaｓｕbｓtaｎｔiａlperiodaｆterｗards,tｈusａllｏwinｇtheauｔhor＇ｓheiｒstｏbeneｆｉt.(InＢrｉtａinaｎdAｍeｒiｃa,thispost－ｄｅathperiｏdｉs７0yeaｒs.)Ｔhisｍeans，oｆcourｓe,that

ａlmｏstａｌloftｈebｏokspublishedinthe20ｔhceｎtuｒyａrestｉｌlｕｎderｃopｙright

–

andtｈeｌastcenｔｕrｙ

sawmoreｂooｋsｐublishedｔｈaniｎallpreviouｓcentuｒieｓcombiｎed.Oftｈｅrougｈｌｙ４０ｍｉllion

bｏokｓiｎUSlibｒaries,foｒexampｌe，anｅstiｍatｅd32milliｏnａreincopｙright．Ofthese,somｅ27

mｉllionａreoutofｐrint.OutsidetheUS,Gooｇlehasmａｄesurｅonlｙtoscanbooksthaｔareoｕｔofcopｙｒigｈｔａndｔhusinthｅ"pubｌiｃdomaiｎ＂（ｗorkssuｃhasｔhｅBodlｅian'sfiｒｓｔeｄｉｔionof

Mｉddlemaｒｃh,

wｈiｃhanｙonecａnreadforｆreeｏnGoｏｇｌeBooksSｅarch).But,withｉntheUＳ,ｔheｃｏmpaｎyｈaｓｓcannedbothiｎ-ｃopｙrigｈtanｄout-ｏf-ｃopyrighｔｗorks.Ｉｎitｓdefence,Ｇｏoglｅpointｓouttｈatitdisplaysonｌｙsmaｌlsegmｅnｔsofbｏｏkｓthataｒeinｃopyright–

arguｉｎgthａt(yī)ｓucｈｄisplaysaｒe"fａiｒｕse".Butcｒiticｓａllegeｔｈaｔｂｙｍaｋｉｎgｅlｅctroｎｉccoｐｉｅsof

thｅsｅbｏoｋｓwiｔhoｕtfirsｔsｅekingthｅpeｒmissionoｆｃｏpyrｉgｈtholｄeｒｓ,Googlehaｓcｏmｍittedpirａｃｙ.＂Thekｅｙpｒｉnｃiplｅofcｏpyｒightlａwhaｓaｌwaysbeenthatwoｒksｃanbeｃopｉedｏnlｙonce

authｏrshavｅeｘｐｒesslｙgiventheｉrpeｒｍissiｏｎ,"saysPiｅrsBlｏfeld,ｏｆtheＳhｅilLandlｉteraｒyagencｙ

ｉｎＬondoｎ.＂Ｇoｏglｅhasｒevｅrsedtｈｉs–ithassimｐlycoｐiedａlltｈｅｓeworkｓwithoｕｔbｏtherｉngtoask."In２023，theAｕtｈorｓGuｉｌdoｆAmericａ,tｏgeｔｈｅrwithagｒoｕｐofUSpuｂliｓhers，lauｎchedacｌassａcｔionsuit

(集團訴訟）againｓtGoogletｈat，ａfteｒmorｅthaｎtｗoyeａrsｏfｎeｇotiatioｎ,endeｄwithananｎoｕncemeｎtlastOｃtobｅrthaｔGｏoｇleanｄtheｃlaimantshaｄreａcｈedanoｕt-of-couｒtsettｌeｍenｔ.Thefulldeｔａiｌsａrecｏmpｌｉcatｅｄ-thｅｔｅxtaloｎerunsto３85pages–

andtryinｇtosumｍarｉseｉｔiｓnoeａsytａsk."Pａrtofｔheprobleｍiｓthａｔｉtiｓbasicaｌlyinｃoｍｐrｅhensｉbｌe，"sayｓBｌoｆeld,oneofthesｅｔtｌement'smｏｓtvｏcalBritishｃｒiticｓ．Ｂｒoａｄｌy,thedealprovｉdesamｅchaｎiｓmfoｒGoogletoｃompenｓaｔeauthoｒsandpuｂliｓｈeｒs

whoserｉghtsｉthaｓbrｅached(incluｄingｇｉｖinｇｔｈemasharｅoｆanyｆｕturereveｎueｉｔgｅnｅratesfroｍtheirｗorks）．Inｅxchanｇeforthiｓ，therｉghtsｈoldersａｇrｅenottｏｓuｅＧｏｏgleinfｕture.ThｉssｅｔtｌementｈaｎｄsGoogｌｅthepoweｒ-butonlyｗｉtｈthｅａgrｅeｍentｏfindividualｒｉghtｓholders

–

toexpｌｏiｔｉｔsdａt(yī)aｂaseoｆout－ｏｆ-priｎtbｏokｓ.Itcａnincludｅtｈeｍinｓubｓcriptiondeaｌs

soldtoliｂraｒiesｏrsｅlltｈemiｎｄivｉdｕａllyｕｎderaconsｕmerlicｅｎce．Iｔiｓｔhesｅcomｍｅrｃｉalprｏvisionsｔhａｔaｒeproｖingtheseｔｔlemeｎt'smostｃｏｎtroｖｅrsiａｌaspecｔ.Ｃｒitiｃsｐｏintoｕtthat，bygivｉngＧoogｌethｅｒighttoｃommerｃｉａｌlyexploiｔitsdatabａsｅ，thｅｓｅｔｔleｍentpavesｔｈewayfoｒasｕbtleshiftｉnthecoｍpany＇sroleｆｒomprｏviderｏｆiｎｆｏrmatｉontosｅｌler."Ｇｏｏgle'sｂusinessmoｄelhasalwａｙsｂeｅｎtoprｏvideinｆormatiｏｎforfree,ａnｄselｌadvertiｓingontheｂasisｏfｔheｔraffiｃthisgeｎeraｔes,"ｐｏiｎtsoutＪamesＧrimmelｍann,assoｃiatｅpｒofesｓoratNeｗYorkＩntereｓtiｎｔhｉｓaｓpｅctofthｅｓettlementhaｓfocｕｓeｄoｎ"orphan"worｋs，whｅrｅtherｅisｎoknoｗncopｙｒigｈthoｌder

–

tｈｅｓemaｋeｕpaｎesｔimated5-１0%oftheｂookｓGoogｌeｈａｓscａnｎed．

Underthesettｌｅｍeｎt,whennorｉghtshoｌdｅｒｓｃoｍｅｆorwａrdandｒegistertheiriｎｔerestinawｏrk,commercialcontrolautomａｔiｃａｌlｙrevｅrtｓtoGooglｅ.Googlｅｗｉlｌｂeableｔoｄispｌａｙupｔｏ2０％ofoｒphanworｋsforfree,ｉncｌudetheｍｉnitssubscripｔiondealstolibraｒieｓaｎdsellｔhemｔｏindividual

buyersｕｎderthｅcoｎsumｅｒlicence．Iｔisｂyｎｏmeanscertaiｎthaｔtｈeｓetｔlemeｎｔwｉllbe

ｅnａcｔｅd

(執(zhí)行)

–

itｉstｈｅsubjectofaｆairｎesshearingintheＵＳcoｕrts.Butｉfitｉsenａｃted，Goｏgｌｅwillinｅffectｂeｏfｆthehｏｏｋaｓfaｒas

cｏpyrighｔviolａt(yī)ionsintheUSarecｏncernｅd．Mａnypｅopleareseriouｓlｙｃoｎcernｅdbyｔhｉs-ａndthecompａｎyｉsliｋelｙｔofacｅchallｅngｅsinothercouｒｔsaｒoｕｎdtheｗorld.ＮooneｋnowstｈeｐreｃiｓｅuseＧoogｌeｗiｌｌmakeoftheinｔelｌectｕalpｒopertyithasｇaｉneｄbysｃaｎninｇｔhｅworｌｄ'sｌｉbrａrybooks,ａnｄthetruｔh，asＧlｅｉck,ａnAmericaｎsｃiencewriterandmｅmberoftｈeAｕｔｈorsＧuild,pointsｏut,isｔhａt(yī)ｔhｅcｏｍpanｙprobaｂlydoｅsn'teveｎknowitsｅlf.But

wｈatｉｓｃertainisthat,insomewayorotｈｅr，Goｏgle'sentrancｅintodigitalbooｋselｌiｎgwillhａvｅa

signifｉcantｉmpａｃtonｔhebookworｌdｉｎtheyeａｒstｏcome.注意:此部分試題請在答題卡１上作答。1.

Googｌeｃlaimsitsｐlａnｆｏｒｔheｗorld'ｓbiggｅstonｌｉnｅlibraryiｓ_____．A)

toservetｈｅｉnteｒｅstｏfthｅｇeneｒalｐｕblicB)

ｔoｅnｃoｕragerｅａdｉngａrｏundtheｗorｌdC)

tｏsａveｏuｔ－oｆ-prｉntｂｏoksiｎlibrａｒiesD)

ｔｏproｍoteiｔsｃorebuｓineｓsｏfｓｅarｃhing2.

AccordingtoSantiagｏdeｌaMoｒa，Gooｇｌe'sｂook－scaｎｎingproｊectwｉｌl＿_＿_＿.A）

ｂroａｄeｎhｕｍanｉｔy'ｓiｎｔellectｕａlｈｏrizoｎｓB）

ｈｅlpｔｈebrｏaｄｍaｓｓeｓｏfｒeadersC)

ｒeｖoｌutioniseｔheentirebookｉndｕstｒyD)

mａkefullｕseoftheｐｏwｅｒofitｓseaｒchengｉne３.

OppｏnentsofGoｏｇleＢoｏksbelieｖeｔｈatdigｉｔallyarchｉvinｇtｈｅworld'ｓbooksshouldbecoｎtrollｅdby_＿_＿_.A)

non-pｒofiｔorgａｎisationｓ

Ｃ）mｕltinatｉｏnalｃompanieｓＢ)

theworld'sleａdinglibraries

D）theｗoｒｌd'stechgiantｓ4.

Googleｈasｉnｖoｌvｅｄitselfｉnalegalbatｔleasitiｇnｏred__＿＿_.A)

thｅcopyrigｈtoｆauｔhorsoｆout-of－printbookｓＢ)

thecoｐyｒightoftｈeｂooksiｔｓｃａnnｅｄC)

theintｅrestoftrａditｉｏnaｌbｏoksellｅｒsＤ)

thｅdiffｅrencｅsofin-printaｎdｏut－of-printboｏｋs５.

Googledｅfendsitｓｓcａｎningｉn-ｃｏpｙｒightbookｓbysａyｉngthaｔ＿＿___．A）

ｉtdiｓplａyｓoｎlｙａsmalｌpartoftheirｃontentB）

iｔiswillingtocompeｎsａｔethecopyriｇhtholdersC)

makingeｌectｒoｎiccopiesofboｏksiｓnotａvｉolaｔionｏfｃｏpyriｇhtＤ）

theoｎｌinedispｌaｙoｆｉn－copyｒiｇｈｔbooksｉsnｏtforcｏｍmerciａluse6.

ＷhatdowelearnabouttheclaｓｓactioｎsuiｔagainstＧoogle?A）

ＩtｅndedinavictｏryforthｅAｕthｏrsGｕｉldoｆAｍｅrｉca．B)

Itｗａｓsettledａｆtｅｒmoｒeｔhantwoyearsｏfnｅgotiａｔion.C)

ItfaiｌedtoprotｅcttｈｅintｅrestｓｏｆAmerｉcanpuｂｌisｈｅrｓ.D)

Ｉtcouｌdｌｅadtomoｒｅouｔ-of-courtｓeｔtleｍｅnｔsofsｕｃhｄiｓｐｕtｅs.7.

Ｗhａt(yī)remａinedcｏntroversialaftertheclａssacｔionsuitended？A)

Thｅcompenｓａt(yī)ionfoｒcopyriｇhthoｌdeｒs.B)

ThｅchanｇeｉnＧoｏｇｌe'sbｕsinesｓmodel．Ｃ)

Ｇｏｏgle'sfuｒtherexpｌoiｔationoｆiｔsdatａbａｓe.Ｄ)

Ｔhｅcommercialproｖisionｓofthｅｓeｔtleｍｅｎt.8.Whｉle＿＿__＿,Gｏｏgleｍakesmｏnｅybysellingadveｒtisｉｎg．9．Ｂｏoｋswhoｓecopyrｉghtholdeｒsａreｎoｔｋｎoｗnａrecａlleｄ__＿__.１0．Ｇoogle'sｅntranceintoｄｉgｉtaｌbｏｏksｅllinｇwiｌltremeｎdouｓlｙ＿__＿_ｉnthefuturｅ.

PartＩV

ReａdｉngComprｅhensｉｏn（ReaｄiｎgiｎＤepth)

(25mｉnutｅｓ）SecｔｉonADirectioｎs：

Inｔhｉsｓecｔｉｏｎ,thｅreｉsashortpassagewith5questioｎsｏrｉnｃompleｔesｔateｍｅnts.Reaｄtheｐaｓsａgecarｅfully.Thenansweｒｔhｅｑuｅｓtionsｏｒcompletｅｔhestａt(yī)emeｎtsｉnｔhefewestｐosｓibｌewｏrｄｓ.Pleａsewｒitｅyouranswerson

AnｓwｅrSheeｔ２.Qｕｅsｔioｎs47to5１arebaｓeｄontｈｅｆolｌｏwingｐaｓsage.Leadeｒshipisthｅmｏsｔsｉｇnifｉcantwordiｎtodaｙ＇sｃompetitiveｂuｓinessｅnviroｎｍｅntbecａuseitdｉreｃtｓthｅmaｎageｒoｆabuｓiｎｅsstｏfocｕsｉnwardoｎtheirpersｏnａｌcapａbiｌitｉesaｎdstylｅ.Eｘｐertsonlｅadｅrshipwｉｌlquicklyｐｏintouttｈａt(yī)＂howthingsgetｄonｅ"influencesｔhesｕｃceｓｓoftｈeoutcｏmｅsandindiｃatｅｓaｒigｈtｗayanｄawronｇwaytoｄothiｎｇs.Whｅｎanｏtｅｄleａdeｒontｈeaｒtofmａｎａgement,PｅteｒＤrｕcker,cｏinｅdｔhephrase"Ｍanaｇｅmeｎtisdｏiｎgthinｇｓright;ｌeadｅrsｈiｐｉｓdｏiｎgtherｉｇhtｔhiｎgs,＂ｈewasseekiｎgｔoclaｒifytｈediｓtiｎｃtionsheasｓoｃiateｓwiｔhｔheterms．WｈｅnＳｔeｐｈenＣovey,ｆounderaｎｄdirｅｃｔorｏｆtｈeLｅaｄershipInstiｔute，ｅｘｐloｒｅdleadeｒsｈipstylesiｎtheｐasｔdecade,heｆoｃuｓｅdｏnthehａｂｉtｓoｆagreａｔnuｍberofhighｌyｅｆfecｔｉｖeｉnｄividuａｌs.Ｈiｓ

ＳevｅnHabitsofＨigｈlyEｆfeｃtivePeｏｐｌe

ｂｅcameａpｏｐularbestｓellervｅryｑｕiｃｋlｙ.Hisideasfoｒcedareｅｘaminａt(yī)ionｏftｈeearlylｅaｄerｓhiｐ

paradｉｇm

(范例）,wｈｉchheobｓerｖedcｅnteredｏntｒaitsfouｎdinthｅcｈaraｃｔerethｉｃａｎdｔheｐerｓonaliｔｙeｔhic.Theｆormｅｒetｈicsuｇgesteｄsuｃcｅsswasｆoundedoninteｇriｔｙ,modｅsty，loyalty,ｃoｕrage,patience,andｓofortｈ.Ｔhｅpｅrsoｎaliｔｙethicsuｇgeｓｔeditwａsonｅ'ｓａt(yī)tｉtude,nｏtbehａvior,thatinsｐirｅｄsuｃceｓｓ，andthiｓｅthicwasｆoundedonabｅliefofｐｏｓitivementａｌａt(yī)tｉtudｅ.Inｃｏｎtraｓttｏeａchofthｅｓｅｉdeas，Covｅｙadvｏcａt(yī)ｅsｔｈatｌeadersｎeｅｄｔｏuｎｄeｒstandｕniveｒsalprｉnciplesofｅｆfeｃtｉvｅneｓs,andhｅｈighｌightshowvitalｉtiｓfoｒleadersｔoｆｉrstｐeｒsonａlｌymａnageｔｈemseｌvesｉftｈeyａretoenjoｙanｙhopｅofoｕtsｔanｄingｓuｃcｅsｓiｎthｅirwoｒkenｖirｏnmｅnts.Ｔｏａchieｖeadesｉｒedvisionｆoryoｕｒｂusinｅsｓ，iｔisｖitａlｔhatyoｕhａveapeｒsonａlvｉｓionofwheｒeyｏuareheadｅdａndwhaｔyoｕvalue．Businessleaｄeｒshipmeansthａt(yī)managｅrsneedto＂putｆirｓttｈｉngsfirsｔ,"whichimplieｓthａt(yī)ｂeｆorｅleａｄiｎgoｔｈers,yｏｕneedtobecleaｒonyｏurownvaｌｕｅｓ,abiｌitieｓ,ａnｄstｒeｎgｔｈｓａndbeｓeenａsｔruｓtｗorｔhy.注意:此部分試題請在答題卡２上作答。47.

Tobegoodleａdeｒs,managersmｕstpayｃloseatteｎtiｏntoｔheｉrowｎ＿＿_＿_.4８．

ＡccordｉｎgtoPeterＤrucｋer,ｌeadｅrsshｏulｄbegoodat_＿__＿.４9.

Thepｅrsonａlitｙethｉcsugｇeｓtsｔhatｐeopleａrelikeｌytoｓucceeｄifthｅｙhavｅ____＿.5０．

AccoｒｄingtoStepｈenCｏvｅy,ｌeaderｓwhohｏｐetoachieveoutｓｔaｎdｉｎgsuccessｎｅedfirｓｔofａllto_＿＿＿＿．５1．

Ｇoodｌeadersｈiprequiresoｎetokｎoｗone'sowｎstｒengthｓaｎｄbｅａbletowｉｎpeｏｐle's＿＿___.

ＳecｔionBＤiｒecｔiｏns:

Thereａrｅ2passageｓinthissectｉon.Eachpassageisｆoｌｌoweｄbysｏｍｅqｕｅsｔionsorunfinisheｄsｔatｅments.ForｅacｈofｔhｅmtｈeｒearefoｕrchoiceｓmarkeｄA）,B),Ｃ)anｄD)．Yoｕshoｕｌddｅcｉｄeoｎthebｅｓtｃhoiｃeandmarktheｃｏｒrｅspｏndingleｔteroｎ

AｎsweｒＳｈeｅt2

wiｔhasinｇlelｉneｔhroughｔｈecｅｎtｒｅ.PaｓsageOnｅQuｅstions５２ｔｏ56arebaseｄonthefoｌｌoｗingpａssａgｅ.What＇stheoｎewordｏfaｄviceａweｌｌ-meａningｐrｏｆｅsｓionaｌwouldgivetｏaｒecentcｏllｅｇｅgraｄuate?

Chｉna"｝India!Braｚiｌ!

Hoｗａbｏut

traｄｅ！WhｅntheＣoｍｍeｒcｅDeparｔmeｎtrepｏrtedｌaｓtweeｋthaｔｔhetradeｄｅｆicitiｎJunｅapｐroａｃheｄ$50billion,itsetoffaneｗｒｏundｏfecoｎｏmicdoomsayｉng.Ｉmportｓ,ｗhichｓoａreｄto$2０0．３billioninｔhemonｔh,ａｒesubｔｒactｅdｉnthecalculａｔｉonoｆgroｓｓdomｅstiｃprodｕcｔ.Ｔheｌaｒgeｒthetradｅdeｆicｉt,theｓmallertｈeGＤP.Sｈouｌdsuchimｂａｌancesconｔiｎue,ｐessimｉstｓｓay,theｙcoｕldcoｎtriｂｕteｔｏsｌoｗｅrgｒowｔh．Bｕttheｒe＇sａnｏtherwaｙｏflookingaｔtｈetrａdedata．Overthepasttｗｏｙeａｒs,theｆigurｅｓonimpｏrtsandexpoｒtｓｓeemnｏｔtｏsigｎaｌａｄoublｅ-dｉｐｒecession–

aｒenewｅddeclinｅｉｎthebｒoａdｌevelofｅconｏmｉcactiｖｉtyintheUnitedＳtates

–

bｕtaneconomiｃexpansｉon.Ｔherisiｎgｖｏlumeｏfｔｒａde–

moｒegoodsaｎdｓervicｅsshutｔｌiｎginａnｄoutofthｅUnitedＳtａt(yī)es

–

isｇoodnｅwsfoｒｍａｎyseｃtors.Ｃｏmpanｉeｓengagediｎｓｈipｐｉng,ｔrｕcｋiｎg,raｉｌｆreｉghｔ,dｅlivｅｒy,

ａnd

ｌogｉｓtｉcs

(物流)

ｈａveallｂeenｒeｐoｒtingｂetteｒtｈａｎeｘpｅctedreｓults.Tｈerｉsinｇnumｂersｓigniｆygrｏwｉngvitalｉtyｉｎfｏrｅｉｇnｍarkeｔs–

wｈｅnweimpoｒtmorestuff,itpuｔsmorecashinｔｈｅhandsofｐｅoｐlｅarounｄｔheworｌｄ，andU.S.exportｓarerisingbeｃaｕsemorefｏreigｎｅrshaｖetheａｂilitｙtｏｂｕｙｔheｔhingｓwepｒoduceandmａrｋet．Tｈerｉsingtiｄeoｆtraｄeｉsａlｓｏｇoodneｗsfｏrｐeoplewhｏwoｒkiｎtrade-sｅnsｉtiｖｅbuｓinｅｓseｓ,especｉaｌlythosethatpｒoduｃecomｍoｄｉtiesforｗhiｃhgloｂaldeｍandsｅtｓｔｈepｒice

–

agrｉｃulｔurａlgoods，ｍinｉｎｇ,metａls,oil.Andｗhilｅｅxportｓalwaｙｓseemｔolaｇ,U.Ｓ.companiｅsaｒeｂecominｇmoreinｖolｖeｄｉｎtheｇloｂalｅconoｍｙwithｅaｃｈｐassｉngmoｎｔh.GeneralＭotorssellsaｓｍａnycaｒsｉnＣｈiｎaasinAmｅricaeａchmonth.Whilethatｍaｙｎoｔｄoｍuｃｈfｏrimｐortｓ,itdoeshelｐGM＇sbａlanｃesｈeｅｔ–

ａnｄhencｅmａｋesthｅjｏbsｏfU.S.-basｅdexeｃuｔivｅsmoreｓtabｌe．ＯｎegrｅatchallｅnｇeｆoｒtｈeＵ.Ｓ.ecoｎｏｍyisslackdomeｓtｉccｏnsumerdemanｄ.Ａmeriｃansａre?payｉngdｏｗnｄeｂｔ,sａvingｍore，andspeｎdinｇmorecａrefuｌly．Thaｔ＇stobeexｐeｃｔed,gｉvenwｈatｗe＇vebeｅｎthrougｈ.Bｕtthｅrｅ'sabiｇgerｃhalｌenge.CanＵ.S.－ｂaｓedbusineｓses,larｇeandsｍall，ｆiｇureoｕthoｗｔoｇetapｉeｃeofgｒowｉngglobａｌｄemaｎd?UnlesｓyouｗａnｔtoｐicｋｕpandｍoｖetｏIｎｄｉａ,oｒBｒaziｌ，orChiｎa,tｈｅbestwaytｏdotｈatｉsthrｏｕghtｒade.Ｉtmayseemｏbvｉoｕs,butit'snolonｇｅrenouｇhsiｍｐlytodobusｉnesswiｔhoｕrfrｉｅｎdｓaｎdｎｅｉｇhborshereathome.Ｃompaniesaｎdiｎdiviｄualsｗｈodoｎ'thaveａstraｔegytoexportｍore,oｒtogｅtmorｅｉnvolvedinforｅignmａrkets,ortoｐlayarｏleinｇlobaｌtrａde,areshｕtｔingtheｍｓｅlvesoutｏfｔｈｅlion＇sshaｒeoｆｅcoｎomicopportunｉｔｙinoｕrworld.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡２上作答。52.ＨｏwdｏpｅssimistsinterpｒeｔtheU．S.tradeｄｅｆｉciｔｉnJune?A)

ItrｅfｌectsＡmerｉｃaｎs'prefereｎceｆorimpｏrtedgoods．B)

ItｓｉgｎifｉesachａngeinＡmericanecoｎomiｃstructure.C)

ItｉstheresultoｆＡｍｅrica'sｇrowingfocusoｎdomｅstiｃmarkｅｔ.D）

Itcｏｕldｌeaｄtｏslｏwergrowthofｔｈenａt(yī)ionａlecｏｎomy.５３．

Whatdｏestｈｅauthorsａｙabｏutｔhetradedataoｆthｅpａsttwoyeａｒs？A）

ItinｄicateｓｔｈatｅcｏnoｍicactｉvitiesｉntheU.S.ｈａvｅincrｅasｅd.B)

Itsｈowsthａt(yī)U.Ｓ.ecoｎomｙｉsｓlippｉｎgfurtherintorｅcesｓｉon.C)

Itsigｎalsdecreasiｎgdｏmｅｓticdeｍanｄfｏrgooｄsaｎdsｅｒvｉceｓ.D)

Itrｅfｌecｔsｔheflｕctuａt(yī)ionsｉnｔｈｅｉｎｔｅrｎatiｏｎａlｍaｒｋet.５４．

Whｏparticuｌarlybenefitfrｏmtherisingvolumｅoftrade？A)

Pｅopleｗhohavｅexpｅｒｔｉseininternaｔionaｌtrade.Ｂ）

Ｃonｓumerｓwhofａvoｒiｍｐorｔedgoｏdsandｓerｖｉces.C)

Ｐroducersofagricuｌｔuｒalgｏodsandrawｍaｔerｉals.D）

Retaｉｌersdealingiｎfｏreｉgngooｄsａndｓｅｒviｃeｓ.5５.

WhatiｓｏｎeｏfｔhechalleｎgeｓfacingtheAmｅrｉcanｅcｏnｏmy?Ａ)

Cｏmｐetｉtionfroｍｏverｓeaｓ.

C）Ｓlacktｒａdeaｃtiｖiｔiｅｓ.B)

Peoplｅ'sreｌuｃｔancetｏｓpeｎｄ.

D)Ｄecｒeasingｐroductiｖiｔｙ.56.

Whａｔistheaｕｔhｏｒ'saｄviceｔoＵ.S.cｏmpaｎiｅsａndｉndiｖiduａls？A）

Toiｍportmorｅchｅａｐgｏodsfｒoｍdevelopingcoｕntries.Ｂ)

Ｔoｍoveｔｈeirｃompaniestowhｅrelaboｒｉsｃhｅaｐer.C)

Ｔoｉncreaｓetheirmarｋetshareoverseas.D)

Tobealerttｏfｌuｃtuatｉonsｉnｆoreignmarｋｅts．

PasｓaｇeＴｗoＱuｅｓｔionｓ５7

to

61arebasｅdonthefolloｗingpassａge.AｒecurrinｇcｒitiｃismofｔｈeＵＫ'sｕｎiversiｔysｅctｏrｉsiｔsｐｅrｃeivedｗeaknｅsｓintrａnｓlａt(yī)ｉngｎeｗ

knoｗｌeｄｇeｉntonewproduｃtｓandsｅｒvｉces．Rｅｃently，thｅUKＮationalStemCelｌＮeｔworkｗarneｄｔheUKcoｕlｄlｏｓeｉtsplaｃeａmoｎgthｅworldleaderｓｉｎsｔemcellｒesearｃhunlｅssadeqｕatefｕｎｄinganｄlegｉsｌatioｎcｏulｄbｅａｓsｕred.We

shouldｔａkethｉsconceｒnsｅriouｓlｙaｓuniversitiesarekeｙintheｎatiｏnalinnovationsｙsｔｅｍ.Hoｗｅveｒ,wedohavｅtochalleｎｇｅtｈeuｎthｉｎkinｇcomplaiｎtthattheseｃtｏｒｄoeｓnｏｔdｏenoughｉｎｔakinｇideastomarｋeｔ.ＴhｅmｏsｔreｃentcｏmpａratiｖｅdataonｔheperfｏrｍanceofｕniversｉｔieｓａndｒeseaｒcｈiｎstｉｔutionｓinAuｓtralia,Ｃanadａ,UＳＡandＵKｓhｏwstｈａt(yī),fromａrｅｌativｅlywｅakstartｉngｐosition,thｅＵKnowlｅadsonｍanｙｉｎdiｃａｔｏrｓofcommｅrｃialisatｉonactivity.Wｈeｎｖiewｅdatthenａｔiｏnalleveｌ,ｔhｅpolｉcyintｅｒvｅｎｔｉｏｎｓoｆthepastdeｃａｄehaｖehelpedｔranｓfoｒmthepeｒforｍaｎceofＵKｕniversitieｓ.EvidｅｎcesｕgｇｅｓtstｈeUK'spositｉｏnｉsmuchstｒoｎgerｔhanｉnｔｈerｅcｅntｐastandisｓtｉｌlsｈowiｎgiｍpｒovemｅnｔ.Butnａt(yī)ionaldａｔaｍaｓksthｅvｅryｌargeｖariatioｎintheｐｅrformanｃｅofinｄiｖｉｄｕalｕniversities.Theevidｅncesｈｏwstｈataｌarｇenumberｏfuniversitieｓhavefａｌｌeｎofｆthebackoｆｔｈepack,afewpｅrfｏrｍｓｔrｏｎgｌｙａndtherｅstchasetheｌｅaders．ＴhistyｐeｏｆunevendistributiｏｎisｎotｐｅｃuliａrｔotｈeＵKanｄismiｒｒoredacｒoｓｓｏthereconomiｅｓ.

ＩｎthｅＵK,rｅsearcｈｉｓｃｏnｃentraｔed:lesstｈａn２5％ofuｎiｖｅｒsｉｔiｅｓrｅceｉve75%ｏftheｒesearcｈfunding．Thｅsesａｍeuniｖersitｉｅsareａｌｓｏtｈeiｎｓｔｉｔuｔionsprｏducingthegreａt(yī)estshareｏfPｈD

graｄuates,sｃiｅncｅcitations,ｐateｎtｓandlicencｅincomｅ.Ｔhｅefｆectofｐolｉｃiesgeneraｔinglong－termｒｅｓourcｅcoｎcentrationｈasalsoｃreatedadistinｃtivesｅtofｕniｖersitiｅswｈicｈarｅresearch-led

andcｏmmercｉallyacｔive.Ｉtseeｍｓclｅａrthaｔthｅconcentrａt(yī)ｉoｎｏfrｅｓearｃhandcｏｍmｅrcialiｓａt(yī)ion

workcreａt(yī)esdifferencｅsｂetwｅenuｎiｖｅrｓiｔｉｅs．Ｔhecoreobｊｅctivefｏrunivｅrｓitieswhicharerｅｓeaｒch-lｅｄmustbｅtomａxｉmisetheiｍpaｃtofｔheirｒesｅarｃｈefforts.Ｔhesｅunivｅｒｓitieｓｓhouldｂegeｎeraｔｉnｇthｅｗidestranｇeofsｏｃial,eｃonｏmic

aｎdeｎviｒonmentalbenefits．Iｎreturｎforthｅscaleofｉｎvestmeｎｔ，tｈeｙｓhouldｓharｅtｈeireｘpｅrtise

inordｅrtobｕildｇreaterｃonfideｎceiｎｔheｓｅctoｒ．PａｒtｏftｈeeconｏｍicｒeｃoveｒyｏftheＵKwillbedriｖenｂythenｅxtｇenｅｒatｉｏnoｆｒｅsｅａrchcｏmmｅrｃiaｌｉｓationsｐiｌlinｇoｕtoｆouruｎｉvｅrsities.ThｅrearｅthreedozenuniｖｅrsｉtｉesintheUＫwｈichaｒeaｃtivelyｅngａgedinａdvancｅdrｅｓｅarｃｈｔｒａiｎingａｎdｃomｍeｒcialisationwork.Iftheｒewaｓaｇreatercoordinatｉonｏftechnｏlogyｔrａnｓfｅrofficeswiｔhiｎregｉonsandasimｕｌｔanｅoｕｓinvesｔmenｔｉｎtｈｅscalｅaｎｄfunctiｏnｓｏfｏuｒｇraduａt(yī)ｅｓｃｈools,unｉｖersｉｔiescｏｕlｄ,ａndｓhｏulｄ,

playakｅｙroleinpoｓｉtioｎingtheUＫfortｈenexｔgrｏwthcyclｅ.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。５７.

ＷhatdoestheauｔhorｔhinｋoｆUKuｎiversiｔiｅｓｉnｔｅrｍsｏfcommｅrｃｉａlisation？A)

Theyｆailtｏconverｔknowleｄgeinｔｏmoney.B)

Tｈeyｄonｏtrｅｇarditasｔhｅirrespｏｎsｉbilｉty.Ｃ)

Theyｓｔiｌｌhavｅapｌaceａmoｎgthｅwoｒlｄlｅadｅｒs.D)

Ｔheyｈaｖｅlosttheirｌeaｄｉngpｏsitioｎinmaｎyｗaｙs.５8．

Whａt(yī)doestｈｅaｕtｈorｓayaboutthenatiｏnalｄataonUKｕniｖｅrsiｔｉｅs'performanceiｎcｏmmeｒｃialｉｓation?A)

Itmasksthefａt(yī)alｗeaｋｎesｓesoｆｇovernｍenｔpolicy.B)

IｔｄoeｓnotrａnkUＫunｉｖerｓｉtiｅsｉnascientｉfiｃway.C）

Itdｏesnotreflｅctｔhediffｅrencesamonguniversitieｓ.D)

Itindicatesｔｈｅirｉnefｆecｔiｖeuｓeｏfgoverｎmentresourcｅs.５９．

WecａninferfromParagraph5tｈaｔ＂polｉcyinｔerｖｅntioｎs"(Lｉne1,Paｒa.4）ｒefeｒsto

_____.A)

govｅｒｎmentaidtonｏn－reseａrch-orienｔeｄunivｅｒsitｉeｓB)

compulsorycooｐeratioｎbetwｅenuniverｓiｔｉesandindustｒiesＣ)

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