非謂語動(dòng)詞〔2〕語法知識(shí)精練I．單句填空1.[2023·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ]Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63.________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.2.[2023·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ]By68.________(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.3.[2023·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,63.________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.4.[2023·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ]Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term61.________(rest).5.[2023·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ]ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants65.________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.6.[2023·浙江卷6月考]Sixteenyearsearlier,Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring61.________(cook)ameal.7．(2023·陜西高考)Backfromhistwo－yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother________(take)goodcareofathome.8．(2023·天津高考)________(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.9．(2023·天津高考)________(work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.10．(2023·安徽高考)________(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.11．(2023·福建高考)________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.12．(2023·福建高考)InrecentyearsanEnglishword“infosphere〞hasappeared,________(combine)thesenseof“information〞and“atmosphere〞．13．(2023·湖南高考)Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland，________(stare)atthenightsky.14．(2023·北京高考)Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore，hecangoshoppingwithout________(recognize)．15．(2023·大綱卷)Todaytherearemoreairplanes________(carry)morepeoplethaneverbeforeinthesky.16．(2023·湖南高考)Children，when________(accompany)bytheirparents，areallowedtoenterthestadium.17．(2023·江西高考)Heisthought________(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.18．(2023·山東高考)There’sanotepinnedtothedoor________(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.19．(2023·天津高考)Anxiously，shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton，only________(find)itdidn’tfit.20．(2023·陜西高考)________(work)outthedifficultmathsproblems，IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.6.tocook考查不定式。此處不定式表示目的。語境為“取下戒指來做飯〞，故填tocook。7．taken[句意：在他兩年的非洲醫(yī)療效勞回來后，李博士很快樂看到他在家中被照顧得很好的母親。此處考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語，mother和takegoodcareof之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。]8．Absorbed[句意：沉迷于繪畫中，約翰沒有注意時(shí)間已到了黃昏。此處的Absorbedinpainting相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句Becausehewasabsorbedinpainting的省略。]9．Havingworked[句意：工作了兩天后，史蒂夫設(shè)法準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成了報(bào)告。動(dòng)詞work與句子主語Steve之間為主謂關(guān)系，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞，同時(shí)work的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞managedtofinish之前，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)形式。]10．Ignoring[句意：無視兩者研究成果的區(qū)別將是你犯的最糟糕的錯(cuò)誤之一。作主語要用動(dòng)名詞形式。]11．Tolearn[句意：為了了解更多的中國(guó)文化，杰克決定選擇中國(guó)民族音樂作為選修課。此處不定式作目的狀語。逗號(hào)后面沒有連詞，可以判斷此處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞。]12．combining[句意：最近幾年，一個(gè)英語單詞“infosphere〞出現(xiàn)了，是把“information〞和“atmosphere〞兩個(gè)詞的意義結(jié)合在了一起。動(dòng)詞combine和其邏輯主語word是主謂關(guān)系，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。]13．staring[句意：沒有比仰面躺在草地中央凝視著夜空更愜意的事情了。此題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語。lyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland的邏輯主語與stare之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案為staring。]17．tohaveacted[句意：他被認(rèn)為做得很愚蠢?，F(xiàn)在對(duì)于失去工作他別無譴責(zé)只能責(zé)備自己。thinksbtobe/do認(rèn)為某人是/做……；表示被動(dòng)的時(shí)候，也要用不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語，由句意可知，所以用不定式的完成式tohaveacted。]18．saying[句意：有一張紙條別在門上，寫著商店什么時(shí)候再營(yíng)業(yè)。這里采用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示主動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于which/thatsays...。]19．tofind[句意：她急迫地從袋子里取出那條連衣裙試穿了一下，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)它不合身。此題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語。根據(jù)語境可知，此處考查“only＋動(dòng)詞不定式〞表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。所以答案為tofind。]20．Towork[句意：為了解決這些數(shù)學(xué)難題，我曾咨詢過Russell教授幾次。此處表示目的，空缺處填Toworkout。]II．語法填空〔語篇填空〕【安徽省合肥市2023屆高三年級(jí)第一次英語聯(lián)考】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容〔1個(gè)單詞〕或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。IwastravelinginasmallplaceinNewYork.Thatplacehadnotaxiforashort___1___(distant).Onehadtotakearickshaw(人力車).Icalledoutforanoldmaninthewaitingline.BeforeIgotontherickshaw,I___2___(automatic)askedhowmuchhewouldchargetotakemeacrosstotheMall.I___3___(tell)“10dollars〞.ThenIstartedbargaining.Hejustgaveahardsmileandsaid,“Whateveryoufeellike,pleasegiveme.Itisnotnecessary___4___(bargain)onthissmallamount.〞Iwasabitashamedatmyselfandkeptquietwhilehecontinued,“___5___(like)thosetaxis,myvehicledoesnotrunonpetrolordiesel(柴油)orevengas;___6___runsonmysweat.Sopleasegiveittome___7___asmile,forthemoneyhastofeedsomany___8___(hunger)mouthsathome.〞WhenwereachedtheMall,Igavehimthemoneyandthesmile___9___requestedandaddedagentlepatonhisback.HesmiledbackasiftogivemeareceiptandIwouldpreservehissmilefor___10___longtime.【答案】1.distance2.automatically3.wastold4.tobargain5.Unlike6.it7.with8.hungry9.as10.A4.tobargain考查不定式用法。本句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是不定式短語tobargainonthissmallamount。5.Unlike考查介詞。本句中介詞unlike和...不一樣；句意：和那些出租車不一樣，我的這種車不用汽油，用的我的汗水。6.it考查代詞。在英語中it通常指代上文出現(xiàn)的同一事物，本句中it指代前句中的myvehicle。7.with考查介詞。本句中介詞with表示“