ThecharmofQinghua青花瓷風(fēng)韻DuringtheYongleandXuandeperiodsinearly-MingDynasty,thebodiesandglazesproducedbytheImperialkilnsweremuchmoreimprovedfrombefore.Thebodywasfineandwhitewithatouchofpaleblue-green;theglazewasthickandfull-bodied,glisteningwithshine;andtheQinghua'sbluecolorwasintense.Thosewerethecommonfeaturesofporcelaininthistimeperiod.明代初期的永樂(lè)(1403-1424)、宣德(1426-1435)兩朝,官窯青花瓷的胎,釉制作比以前更有進(jìn)步,胎質(zhì)細(xì)膩青白、釉層晶瑩肥厚、青花色澤濃艷是這時(shí)期的共同特點(diǎn)。Bymid-Ming,theartisansofJingdezhentransferredChineseinkpaintingcreatedbytheliteratidirectlyontothebodiesofporcelainasdecoration.ThisactlargelyenrichedQinghuaporcelain’sformsofexpression.明中期以后,景德鎮(zhèn)的藝人把以水墨形式表現(xiàn)的文人風(fēng)格繪畫直接移植到陶瓷裝飾上,極大地豐富了青花瓷的表現(xiàn)手法。Thesepaintingswereusuallyratherimpressionisticanddidnotfocusonaccuracyofshapeandform.Afewstrokesandcurvesmayconstitutetheimageofafigure,withcertainhighlightedspotsthatbroughtouttheessentialsoftheimage.Sometimesthesefigureswereblendedinwiththebackground,thusthemanandnaturebecameone.這些畫面受當(dāng)時(shí)文人畫的影響,講究筆墨與意境,而不以形似為目標(biāo),人物往往與疏朗空靈的背景融為一體,往往只需寥寥數(shù)筆、略加點(diǎn)染.即概括出畫中人物的神情風(fēng)貌。Asidefrompaintingsdepictinglivesoftheliteratiandrecluse,therewerealsomanyimagesofimmortalsandDaoists,whoappearedmoreexpressiveanddominating.Inthepaintings’backgrounds,onecanfindimagesoftraditionalChinesebuildingsorlandscape,shroudedinheavenlyaura.除表現(xiàn)文人逸士生活的圖景之外,還有許多表現(xiàn)仙人道士的畫面,這些畫面往往人物神采飛揚(yáng),氣勢(shì)豪爽,背景樓閣聳立,檐臺(tái)接應(yīng),青山碧水,仙云繚繞。EarlierYuanQinghuahadillustrationsthatwereverymuchinfluencedbyprintswhichhadastringenttypeofbrushwork.Subjectmatter-wise,YuanQinghuaillustrationstookitsthemesfromstoriesofYuandramaornovels,withastrongsenseofplotandweresuitableforthecommonpeople.從畫法上看,元青花人物受當(dāng)時(shí)版畫影響,畫風(fēng)工整嚴(yán)謹(jǐn);從題材上講,元青花人物所表現(xiàn)的題材大多來(lái)自當(dāng)時(shí)的戲曲或小說(shuō),所表現(xiàn)的畫面基本都是人物故事,具有較濃厚的市井氣。InthemidMingDynasty,theoldertechniquecouldonlyproduceadarkandalightcolor.However,bytheKangxiperiod,inordertoshowsmoothtransitionsfromdarkstolights,fiveshadesinthecoloringmaterialwerecreated.從明中期開(kāi)始,青花的上色就