2022年研究生入學(xué)考試

英語一真題（含答案）

1.完形填空（10分）

Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootin

theearly2000s,theterm"plantneurobiologywas1aroundthenotionthat

someaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe2tointelligenceinanimals.3

plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleaves

nonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat4consciousness,researchers

previouslyreportedButsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanew

opinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit5so

greatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called6_ofplantsintelligenceis

inconclusive,theauthorswroteBeginningin2006,somescientistshave7

thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesand

neurotransmitters,8"aplantnervoussystem,9tothatinanimals,said

leadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,"Theyj_0claimedthatplantshave

"brain-likecommandcentersattheirroottips

This11makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain,12

ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicate

throughelectricalsignals.j3,thesignalinginaplantisonlyj_4similarto

thefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan"amassofcells

thatcommunicatebyelectricity,TaizsaidForconsciousnesstoevolvea

brainWithathresholdj_5ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,he16.

Sinceplantsdonthavenervoussystems,theJ/7thattheyhave

consciousnessareeffectivelyzero

Andwhat'ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscantrunaway

from18,soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich19athreatandcan

feelpainwouldbeavery20evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothe

article

1.AcoinedBdiscoveredCcollectedDissued

2.AattributedBdirectedComparedDconfined

3.AUnlessBWhenC.OnceD.Though

4.AcopedwithBconsistedofChintedatDextendedto

5AsuffersBbenefitsCdevelopsDdiffers

6AacceptanceBevidenceCcultivationDcreation

7.AdoubtedBdeniedCarguedDrequested

8.AadaptingBformingCrepairingDtesting

9.AanalogousBessentialCsuitableDsensitive

10.AjustBeverC.stillDeven

11.ArestrictionBexperimentCperspectiveDdemand

12AattachingBreducingCreturningDexposing

13A.HoweverB.MoreoveC.ThereforeD.Otherwise

14AtemporarilyBliterallyCsuperficiallyDimaginarily

15AlistBlevelClabelDocal

16.ArecalledBagreedCquestionedDadded

17.AchancesBrisksCexcusesDassumptions

18.AdangerB,failureCwarningDcontrol

19.ArepresentsBincludesCrevealsDrecognizes

20.AhumbleBpoorCpracticalDeasy

答案：1-5ACDCD6-10BCBAD

11-15CBACB16-20DAADB

2.閱讀理解(10分)

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweach

textbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER

SHEET(40points)

Text1

PeopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurableWaterbottles,

shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttothe

MarianaTrenchbecauseplasticsareeverywhereanddontbreakdown

easily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackand

frizzle.They"weepoutadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhich

createshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingto

preserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatrisk

isdizzying:earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstills

fromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart

Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersin

plasticartdidntalwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysThea

vanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,

workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands."

It'slikebakingacake:Ifyoudonthaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,she

says.Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb

Andsometimes,itsnottheartistsfault,nthe1960stheItalianartist

PieroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.

Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasa

fewdozennaturecarpets"-largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoam

pumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalk

aroundonthecarpets-whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.Unfortunately,

thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstableIt'sespecially

vulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi'spumpkins

roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumblingMuseumslocked

someofthemawayinthedark

SovanOostenandhercolleaquesworkedtopreserveGilardis

sculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidating

chemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals"sunscreensbecausetheir

goalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.

Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,

albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases

DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten'spreservationofplastics

Willlikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,

biodegradableplasticsdesignedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon

AndmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjectsJoanaLiaFerreira,

anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchool

ofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthe

greatmaterialagesofhumanhistory-stoneAge,IronAgeandsoon-after

examiningartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,she

says,"andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve.

Willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewellbeseen.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin

Amaintainingtheirplasticitems

Bobtainingdurableplasticartifacts

Chandlingoutdatedplasticexhibits

Dclassifyingtheirplasticcollections

22.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare

Aimmunetodecay

Bimproperlyshaped

Cinherentlyflawed

Dcomplexinstructure

23.MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilard'sartworks

A.keepthemfromhurtingVisitors

Bduplicatethemforfuturedisplay

Chavetheiringredientsanalyzed

Dpreventthemfromfurtherdamage

24.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis

Acostly

Bworthy

Cunpopular

Dchallenging

25.InFerreira'sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts

AWillinspirefuturescientificresearch

Bhasprofoundhistoricalsignificance

CWillhelpusseparatethematerialages

Dhasanimpactontoday'sculturallife

答案：ACDDB

3.閱讀理解（10分）

Text2

Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplication

formandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthow

thepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhat

GenerationZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheir

educationalJourney.

Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecent

degree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfound

wanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Education

wasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentof

graduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentageWhichis

doubletheaverageamongOECDcountries

Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,but

ratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryonethattheswitchfrom

classroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptions

areavailable

Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,with

GenerationZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenif

parentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employers

havelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprove

themselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.

Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementfor

certainroles

Forthoseforwhomadeareeisthedesiredrouteconsiderthatthis

maywellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohave

specificknowledgeorskillsPostgraduatesnowearn40percentmore

thangraduatesWhenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessense

tohavetwo

ItisunlikelythatGenerationZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21

theyWillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostay

employable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgeneration,duetothe

pressuresoftechnology,thewishforpersonalfulfilmentanddesirefor

diversity,willworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheir

workinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareersEducation,andnotjust

knowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGenerationZ'scareer

trajectory

Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentand

personaltense:Iamageographerortamaciassist.Theirsonsor

daughterswouldneversaysuchathing,it'sasiftheyalreadyknowthat

theirdegreewon'tdefinethemInthesameway

26.theauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould

A.becarefulinchoosingacollege

Bbediligentateacheducationalstage

Creassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation

Dpostponetheirundergraduateapplication

27.ThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflect

A.Millennial'sopinionsaboutwork

Btheshrinkingvalueofadegree

Cpublicdiscontentwitheducation

Dthedesiredrouteofsocialmobility

28.Theauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat

AGenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegree

BSchoolleaversareWillingtobeskilledworkers

CEmployersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegrees.

D.Parentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducation

29.ItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthoseWithonedeareeshould

Amakeanearlydecisionontheircareer

Battendonthejobtrainingprograms

Cteamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduates

Dfurthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield

30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromthelasttwo

paragraphs

ALifelonglearningwilldefinethem

B.TheyWillmakequalifiededucators

CDepresswillnolongerappealthem

D.Theywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs

答案：CBCDA

4.閱讀理解（10分）

Text3

Enlightening,challenging,stimulating,firn.Theseweresomeofthe

wordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperienceofart-science

collaborationsinaseriesofarticlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsand

researchersNearly40%oftheroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoan

accompanyingpollsaid,theyhadcollaboratedwithartists;andalmostall

saidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture

Suchanencouragingresultsisnotsurprising.Scientistsare

increasinglyseekingoutvisualartiststohelpthemcommunicatetheir

worktonewaudiences.Artistshelpscientistsreachabroaderaudience

andmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning.Onerespondent

said

Oneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthe

scenescamelastmonthwhentheSydneySymphonyOrchestra

performedareworkedversionofAntonioVivaldi'sTheFourSeasons.

Theyreimaginedthe300year-oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimate

predictiondataforeachseason-providedbyMonashUniversitysClimate

ChangeCommunicationResearchHub.Theperformancewasacreative

calltoactionaheadofNovembersUnitedNationsClimateChange

ConferenceinGlasgow,UK

Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.Fewerartist

thanscientistsrespondedtotheNaturepollhowever,severalrespondents

notedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeircommunication

requirementsNorshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectof

study.Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshavea

sharedstakeinaproject,areabletojointlydesignitandcancritiqueeach

otherswork.Suchanapproachcanbothpromptnewresearchaswellas

resultinpowerfulart

Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology

openeditsCenterforAdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)toexploretherole

oftechnologyinculture.Thefoundersdeliberatelyfocusedtheirprojects

aroundlight-hancethevisualstudiesinthename.Lightwasasomething

thatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestinandthereforecouldform

thebasisofcollaboration.Asscienceandtechnologyprogressed,and

dividedintomoresubdisciplines,thecentreWassimultaneouslylooking

toatimewhenleadingresearcherscouldalsobeartists,writersandpoets,

andviceversa

Naturespollfindingssuggestthatthistrendisasstrongasever,but,

tomakeacollaborationwork,bothsidesneedtoinvesttime,andembrace

surpriseandchallenge.Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedstogo

beyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchcommunication,and

participantsmustnotfallintothetrapofstereotypingeachotheArtists

andscientistsalikeareimmersedindiscoveryandinvention,and

challengeandcritiquearecoretoboth,too

31.Accordingtoparagraph1,art-sciencecollaborationshave

Acaughttheattentionofcritics

Breceivedfavorableresponses

Cpromotedacademicpublishing

Dsparkedheatedpublicdisputes

32.ThereworkedversionofTheFourSeasonsismentionedtoshow

that

Aartcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscience

Bsciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotions

Cpublicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfuture

D.artiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovations

33.Someartistsseemtoworryaboutintheart-sciencepartnership

A.theirrolemaybeunderestimated

B.theirreputationmaybeimpaired

C.theircreativitymaybeinhibited

D.theirworkmaybemisguided

34.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAVS?

A.Itwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscientists

Btexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances

C.ItsprojectsaimedatadvancingVisualstudies

D.Itsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofartists

35.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsthatart-sciencecollaborations

Aarelikelytogobeyondpublicexpectations

Bwillintensifyinterdisciplinarycompetition

Cshoulddomorethancommunicatingscience

Darebecomingmorepopularthanbefore

答案：BAABC

5閱讀理解(10分)

Text4

ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand'sEmployment

RelationsAct2000(ERA)preventanemployerfromfiringanemployee

withoutgoodcause.Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified.Employers

mustbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway

Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsof

ordinaryworkersfrom"unjustifieddismissals

Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawofcontractlackedsufficient

safeguardsforworkersagainstarbitraryconductbymanagement.Long

gonearethedayswhenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractual

notice

Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenapplied

tohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusiness

ownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,

high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityand

overallperformance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandAgrade

managersmayverywellbethedifferencebetweenbusinesssuccessor

failure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.

Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissal

Consequently-andparadoxically-lawsintroducedtoprotectthe

jobsofordinaryworkersmaybeplacingthosejobsatrisk

Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlaws

constrainbusinessownersfromdismissingunder-performingmanagers,

thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeon

workerswagesIndeed,in"AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealands

ProductivityParadox(2014),theProductivityCommissionsingledoutthe

lowqualityofmanagerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountryspoor

productivitygrowthrecord

Norarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharm

causedbytheERASunjustifieddismissalprocedures.Because

employmentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,

employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharder

forthemarginalmanagertogainemploymentAndfirmspaystaffless

becausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoing

wrong.

Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections

Stringentjobdismissalregulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowth

andhamperbothprosperityandoverallwell-being

AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustified

dismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecific

high-incomethresholdfromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.In

NewZealand,a2016privatemembersBilltriedtopermitfirmsand

high-incomeemployeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissal

regime.However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheBill

wasvoteddownfollowingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear

36.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto

Apunishdubiouscorporatepractices

Bimprovetraditionalhiringprocedures

Cexemptemployersfromcertainduties

D.protecttherightsofordinaryworkers

37.tcanbelearnedfromparagraph3thattheprovisionsmay

Ahinderbusinessdevelopment

Bunderminemanagersauthority

Caffectthepublicimageofthefirms

Dworsenlabor-managementrelations

38.WhichofthefollowingmeasureswouldbetheProductivity

Commissionsupport?

AImposingreasonablewagerestraints

BEnforcingemploymentprotectionlaws

CLimitingthepowersofbusinessowners

DDismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers

39.WhatmightbeaneffectofERASunjustifieddismissalprocedures?

AHighlypaidmanagerslosetheirjobs

BEmployeessufferfromsalarycuts

CSocietyseesariseInoverallwel-being

DEmployersneedtohirenewstaff

40.ltcanbeinferredthatthehigh-incomethresholdinAustralia

Ahassecuredmanagersearnings

Bhasproducedundesiredresults

Cisbeneficialtobusinessowners

Disdifficulttoputintopractice

答案：DADBC

6.新題型(10分)

PartB(41)TeriByrd

Iwasazooandwildlifeparkemployeeforyears.Boththewildlife

parkandzooclaimedtobeoperatingforthebenefitoftheanimalsand

forconservationpurposes.Thisclaimwasfalse.Neitheroneofthem

actuallyparticipatedinanycontributionswhosebottomlineIsmuch

moreimportantthantheconditionoftheanimals

Animalsdespisebeingcaptivesinzoos.Nomatterhow

you"enhanceenclosures,theydonotallowforfreedom,anaturaldietor

adequatetimefortransparencywiththeseinstitutions,andit'spasttimeto

eliminatezoosfromourculture

(42)KarenR.Sime

Asazoologyprofessor,IagreewithEmmaMarristhatzoodisplayscan

besadandcruel.Butsheunderestimatestheeducationalvalueofzoos

Thezoologyprogramatmyuniversityattractsstudentsforwhomzoo

visitswerethecrucialformativeexperiencethatledthemtomajorin

biologicalsciences.Thesearemostlystudentswhohadnoopportunityas

childrentotraveltowildernessareas,wildliferefugesornationalparks.

AlthoughgoodTVshowscanhelpstirchildrensinterestinconservation,

theycannotreplacetheexcitementofazooVisitasanintense,immersive

andinteractiveexperienceSurelytheremustbesomemiddlegroundthat

balanceszoostreatmentofanimalswiththeireducationalpotential

(43)GregNewberry

EmmaMarris'sarticleisaninsultandadisservicetothethousandsof

passionatewhoworktirelesslytoimprovethelivesofanimalsand

protectourplanet.Sheusesoutdatedresearchanddecades-oldexamples

tounderminethenoblemissionoforganizationcommittedtoconnecting

childrentoaworldbeyondtheirown

Zoosareattheforefrontofconservationandconstantlyevolvingto

improvehowtheycareforanimalsandprotecteachspeciesinitsnatural

habitat.Aretheretragedies?Ofcourse.Buttheyaretheexceptionnotthe

normthatMsMarrisimpliesAdistressedanimalinazoowillgetasgood

orbettertreatmentthanmostofusatourlocalhospital

(44)DeanGallea

Asafellowenvironmentalistanimal-protectionadvocateandlongtime

vegetarian.IcouldproperlybeinthesamecampasEmmaMarrisonthe

issueofzoos.ButIbelievethatwell-runzoosandtheheroicanimalsthat

suffertheircaptivitysoserveahigherpurpose.Wereitnotfor

opportunitiestoobservethesebeautifulwildcreaturesclosetohome

manymorepeoplewouldbedrivenbytheirfascinationtotraveltowild

areastoseekoutdisturbandevenhuntthemdown

Zoosareinthatsensesimilartonaturalhistoryandarcheologymuseums

servingtosatisfyourneedforcontactwiththeselivingcreatureswhile

leavingthevastmajorityundisturbedintheirnaturalenvironments

(45)JohnFraser

EmmaMarrisselectivelydescribesandmisrepresentsthefindingsofour

research.Ourstudiesfocusedontheimpactofzooexperiencesonhow

peoplethinkaboutthemselvesandnatureandthedatapointsextracted

fromourstudies

Zoosaretoolsforthinking.Ourresearchprovidesstrongsupportforthe

valueofzoosinconnectingpeoplewithanimalsandwithnature.Zoos

provideacriticalvoiceforconservationandenvironmentalprotection.

Theyaffordanopportunityforpeoplefromallbackgroundstoencounter

arangeofanimalsfromdronebeestospringbokorsalmontobetter

understandthenaturalworldwelivein

41.eriByrd

AZooswhichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimalsshouldnotbe

subjectedtounfaircriticism

BTopressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadto

inhumaneoutcomesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare

CWhileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplayasignificant

roleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofrelatedsciences

DZoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributeto

wildlifeconservation

EForwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoos

offerthebestalternative

FZoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneymaking

overanimalswellbeing

GMarrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosserveasan

indispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature

42.KarenR.Sime

AZooswhichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimalsshouldnotbe

subjectedtounfaircriticism

BTopressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadto

inhumaneoutcomesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare

CWhileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplayasignificant

roleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofrelatedsciences

DZoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributeto

wildlifeconservation

EForwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturahabitats,zoos

offerthebestalternative

FZoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneymaking

overanimalswellbeing

GMarrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosserveasan

indispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature

43.GregNewberry

AZooswhichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimalsshouldnotbe

subjectedtounfaircriticism

BTopressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadto

inhumaneoutcomesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare

CWhileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplayasignificant

roleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofrelatedsciences

DZoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributeto

wildlifeconservation

EForwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoos

offerthebestalternative

FZoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneymaking

overanimalswellbeing

GMarrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosserveasan

indispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature

44.DeanGallea

AZooswhichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimalsshouldnotbe

subjectedtounfaircriticism

BTopressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadto

inhumaneoutcomesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare

CWhileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplayasignificant

roleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofrelatedsciences

DZoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributeto

wildlifeconservation

EForwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitatszoos

offerthebestalternative

FZoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneymaking

overanimalswellbeing

GMarrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosserveasan

indispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature

45.JohnFraser

AZooswhichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimalsshouldnotbe

subjectedtounfaircriticism

BTopressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadto

inhumaneoutcomesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare

CWhileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplayasignificant

roleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofrelatedsciences

DZoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributeto

wildlifeconservation

EForwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoos

offerthebestalternative

FZoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneymaking

overanimalswellbeing

GMarrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosserveasan

indispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature

答案：FCADG

7.翻譯題(2分)

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

segmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonthe

ANSWERSHEET(10points)

TheManWhoBrokeNapoleonsCodes-markUrbanBetween1807

and1814theIberianPeninsula(comprisingSpainandPortugal)wasthe

sceneofatitanicandmercilessstruggle.Ittookplaceonmanydifferent

planes:betweenNapoleonsFrencharmyandtheangryinhabitants;

betweentheBritish,everkeentoexacerbatetheemperorsdifficulties,and

themarshalssentfromParistotrytokeepthemincheck;betweennew

forcesofscienceandmeritocracyandoldonesofconservatismandbirth

(46)Itwasalso,andthisisunknowneventomanypeoplewellread

abouttheperiod,abattlebetweenthosewhomadecodesandthosewho

brokethem

IfirstdiscoveredtheNapoleoniccryptographicbattleafewyearsago

whenIwasreadingSirCharlesOman'sepicHistoryofthePeninsular

War.InvolumeVhehadattachedanappendix,TheScovellCiphers.(47)

Itlistedmanydocumentsincodethathadbeencapturedfi~omtheFrench

armyofSpain,andwhosesecretshadbeenrevealedbytheworkofone

GeorgeScovellanofficerinBritishheadquarters.OmanratedScovell's

significance