學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精2021屆一輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)點(diǎn)撥：13語言表達(dá)類：書面表達(dá)之概要寫作類含答案2020年暑假新高三英語增分專項(xiàng)突破+題型特訓(xùn)13語言表達(dá)類：書面表達(dá)之概要寫作考試大綱要求考綱解讀《考試大綱》對(duì)學(xué)生的書面表達(dá)能力作了明確的規(guī)定：提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，要求考生基于該短文寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要.①原文材料350詞以內(nèi)，概要寫作不少于60詞.②原文基本以說明文、議論文為主。③概要，基本上就是段落大意。每段一句話概括，或者兩段一個(gè)大意，最多用兩句話概括就行。④要著重訓(xùn)練自己文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的歸納概括能力。①找關(guān)鍵詞和主題句,準(zhǔn)確理解、分析原文要點(diǎn)，歸納段落大意。②各要點(diǎn)的表達(dá)要相對(duì)獨(dú)立。③各要點(diǎn)之間要有適當(dāng)?shù)你暯?。④句型力求簡單，每句話要表意明白，無空泛、籠統(tǒng)、含混之詞。⑤盡量使用短句，慎用長難句。⑥多使用概括性詞語，少用具體描述性詞語。概要寫作要求讀懂所給的閱讀材料,用自己的語言高度概括文章的主要內(nèi)容和觀點(diǎn)，有三個(gè)步驟：一、通讀全文，把握核心1。把握文章體裁。概要寫作的前提是要理解原文。首先，通讀原文，把握文章體裁、中心思想和整體結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)文章的體裁特點(diǎn)來決定內(nèi)容的取舍，可以從以下方面的內(nèi)容（見下表）入手?！煌w裁文章的要點(diǎn)2.畫出主題句或關(guān)鍵詞，主題句一般出現(xiàn)在段首或段尾.在找到主題句后，要分析主題句的意義，進(jìn)一步確定襯托主題句的一些關(guān)鍵詞（組）如動(dòng)詞、名詞等。3。整合概括大意。根據(jù)閱讀時(shí)獲取的信息、主題句或關(guān)鍵詞（組）等，對(duì)相關(guān)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行整合，理清各層次、要點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系，用自己的語言把詞（組）擴(kuò)展成句，歸納出各段落的大意，也就是表達(dá)的要點(diǎn)。二、精選主題，展開寫作概要寫作不是對(duì)原文的簡單復(fù)述，而是在透徹理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)原文進(jìn)行高度的概括.注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.準(zhǔn)確.準(zhǔn)確理解原文包括對(duì)原文中每個(gè)要點(diǎn)及與之相關(guān)的“一些重要論據(jù)，句子的理解等。概要寫作必須絕對(duì)忠實(shí)于原文，既不能遺漏任何要點(diǎn),也不能隨意添加內(nèi)容.概要寫作的時(shí)態(tài)順應(yīng)與原文的時(shí)態(tài)，順序一致。由于概要寫作是轉(zhuǎn)述別人的事情或觀點(diǎn),所以，不管原文使用何種人稱概要寫作一般都要用第三人稱。2.客觀。在進(jìn)行概要寫作時(shí)，要依據(jù)原文作者的觀點(diǎn)，客觀地轉(zhuǎn)述文中的要點(diǎn)，不要把自己個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)和看法摻雜進(jìn)去，不要使用“Ithink”和“Ibelieve”等主觀性的詞句。由于概要寫作不允許照抄原文中的句子,因此，可采用句型轉(zhuǎn)換、同義詞轉(zhuǎn)化、語態(tài)互換等手法將原文中的句子進(jìn)行改頭換面,達(dá)到“雁過不留痕”的效果。如可用單個(gè)詞匯替換具有相同語法功能的單詞和詞組：用determine代替“makeuponesmind”；用therefore和to等表示邏輯意義的連接詞代替較長的詞組“asaresult”和“inorderto”等。3。簡潔。由于概要寫作的詞數(shù)有限，所以，可以采取削“枝”去“葉”的方法來減少詞數(shù)。通常的方法是去掉原文中的一些實(shí)例、冗長的說明、描述性的修飾語以及省略或簡化圖表,刪除直接引語的對(duì)話.如果必須保留某些重要的對(duì)話，可將其改為間接引語的形式，即把對(duì)話體變?yōu)閿⑹鲶w；或采用主謂縮寫（weare→we're;theywill→they’ll），句式省略（whenhecrossedtheroad=whencrossingtheroad)，合并句子，使用簡單句、并列句，with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，適當(dāng)使用復(fù)合句等方法來進(jìn)行概要寫作。4。連貫。連接詞是內(nèi)容概要的橋梁,它在句與句或段與段之間起鋪墊的作用，能夠把內(nèi)容概要有機(jī)地串聯(lián)起來,確保行文流暢,銜接緊湊。因此，概要寫作哪怕只有一個(gè)段落，也要根據(jù)原文的層次結(jié)構(gòu)，在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤教砑舆B接詞，如表示順序關(guān)系的“firstly"¨secondly"“finally”；表示并列關(guān)系的“besides”“inaddition”等；表示總結(jié)關(guān)系的“tosumup”“inconclusion”等,使所寫的內(nèi)容概要銜接緊密，條理清楚.三、檢查核對(duì)，要點(diǎn)齊全檢查時(shí)，考生要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.查。查一查要點(diǎn)是否全面；查人稱與時(shí)態(tài)是否正確；查銜接是否連貫;查是否有直接照抄原文的句子；查拼寫和語法是否有誤；查標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)及大小寫是否正確;等等.2。數(shù).數(shù)一數(shù)內(nèi)容概要的詞數(shù)是否符合要求，并標(biāo)出概要寫作的總詞數(shù).2019年6月,浙江卷,概要寫作閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids，says，”We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict。"Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey’rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence，when，infact，itmaybejusttheopposite。Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere，makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents’praisehasputthem.Still，don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamaginggasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments。Sowhatistherightamountofpraise？Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome，youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward?！盬eshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal，”saysDonahue，authorofParentingWithoutFear：LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters."Onethingtorememberisthatit’stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters。”Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam。Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses。Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner，orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis，praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相稱的）totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit?！疚恼麦w裁】議論文【文章大意】父母對(duì)孩子的表揚(yáng)過多過少都會(huì)帶來不好的后果，恰當(dāng)?shù)谋頁P(yáng)應(yīng)著重表揚(yáng)孩子做事過程中的努力而非結(jié)果.【段落大意】第一段:現(xiàn)在的父母表揚(yáng)孩子過多,會(huì)帶來負(fù)面的影響,如孩子害怕嘗試新事物或者害怕達(dá)不到父母的高期待等。第二段：過少的表揚(yáng)也是有害的，會(huì)讓孩子覺得自己不好，沒有得到父母的關(guān)心或覺得自己的努力沒有意義。第三段:正確的方式應(yīng)該是注重贊美的質(zhì)量而不是數(shù)量，注重孩子努力的過程而非結(jié)果。第四段：表揚(yáng)要適當(dāng),要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況。【寫作步驟與策略】第一步:通讀全文通讀全文，關(guān)注到文章的體裁；關(guān)注到不斷反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞:praise，（主題）關(guān)注到文章的謀篇:先講表揚(yáng)過多不好,再講表揚(yáng)過少也不好，然后提出怎樣表揚(yáng)才算好，最后來一個(gè)總結(jié)第二步：逐句逐段解讀并用自己的話表達(dá)看完每個(gè)段落，問自己：這一段講了什么呢？傳遞了什么主要信息，統(tǒng)領(lǐng)的信息是什么，支撐信息是哪些？然后暫定主題句,在之后的閱讀中不斷理解與修正（以下每一個(gè)段落都這樣問問自己）第一段：Nowadays,parentspraisechildrentoomuch,whichmayresultinchildren’slackofconfidenceinchallenging。第二段：Kidsmayfeeldiscouragedwhennotgivenenoughpraise.Theshortageofpraisingwilltriggernegativeeffects。Inadequatepraisecandiscouragethem，andtheythinktheirendeavorismeaningless。第三段:Accordingtoexperts，itisthequalityofpraiseratherthanquantitythatmatters,whichshowsparents’sincerityandconcentrationonprocessinsteadoffocusingontheoutcome。Expertssaythequalityofpraiseoutweighsthequantity，whichmeanswhatshouldbestressedaretheprocessandeffort。第四段：Parentsareexpectedtopraisekidsonareasonablebasisinaccordancewithkids'amountofeffort。Praiseissupposedtobeinlinewithactualcasesandproportionaleffortsyourchildhasmade。第三步：整合成文（請(qǐng)注意銜接等）【參考答案】Howtopraiseourkidsisreallyasensitiveproblem。（主旨)Expertsbelievethattoomuchpraiseorpraisingthekidsinawrongwaymayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.(要點(diǎn)1）Ontheotherhand,nopraisealsodoesharmtokids’development.(要點(diǎn)2）Togainthebestresult,ourpraiseshouldfocusontheprocessratherthantheendproduct.(要點(diǎn)3）Therefore,whatweshouldpraiseisourkids’propereffort，regardlessoftheresult。（要點(diǎn)4)1閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Whenthepandemicstarted，somepeoplewerewonderingiftheinternetcouldstanduptotheriseindemand。Theanswerisnotonlyaclear“yes”butthiswholeperiodmadeitevenstronger。HowwouldourworldsurvivewithoutInternetinpandemicsituation？Theanswerissimple：differentlybutnotbetterorworse。Weknowthattheinternetavailableischangingalotofthings。Thankstoit,peoplewereabletokeeponworkingfromtheirhome，otherswereabletokeepcontactwiththeirlovedonesandfriendsandmostfoundtheirentertainmentreliefthroughit.Haditnoteverexisted，peoplewouldhavestayedathomeandenjoyedtheirfamilyorcreatedmoresincetheywouldhavehadmoretimeontheirhands.Butintoday'sworld,theinternethasbecometheonelinkthatunitesusall。ItisthereasonwhypeoplewereabletoforgetforminutesandhoursatatimethroughtheuseofInternet.Itisthereasonwhysomanycompanieswillsurviveandmostprobablygrowstrongerafterwards,sincetheywereabletoplanthroughSkypeandZoom。Itisthereasonwhyloversdidnotfallintofulldepression,havingtoliveawayfromtheirpartnerforafewmonths,sincetheywereatleastabletotalkandseeeachotherwhilesharingmomentsoftheirlives.Therecannotbeanydoubtsanymore：Theinternetistheonelinkthatunitesusall.Inthefirstthreemonthsofthisyear,internetusehasgrownby25％inmostmajorcitiesaroundtheworld。Thisnumberisreflectedintheuseofvariousapplicationsandwebsites。Oneoftheclearestjumpsupistheuseofvideocalls.Thisshouldnotbesurprisingsinceitisusedbothforbusinessandforpersonalpurposes。PCGamestoreshavealsoseenahugeincreaseintheirsalesduringthisperiod。Abitmoresurprisingmaybe，istheincreaseofonlinegrocerystoresusageasthestoreswerebreakingdownunderthedemand。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Beforeachildstartsschool，hisorhermainrolemodelsarehisorherparentorcaregiver。Parentsorcaregiverswithhighself—esteem（自尊)typicallymodelthistothechildren，whowillgraduallypickuptheseideas。Thosewhoareinfluencedbynegativity（否定性，消極態(tài)度)，evenifthenegativityisnottowardsthem,willoftentakethesamewayofthinking,leadingtolowself—esteeminchildhood.Continualpraiseforachild’sachievementsplaysalargepartinachild’sviewofhimselforherself.Praisingachildforactingasexpectedorsomethinggoodoftenencourageshimorhertorepeatthesameactionandformsasenseofself-worth。Emptypraise，however,canhavetheopposite（相反的)effect。Achildwhoispraisedforanythingwillstopbelievingthewords，andtheemptypraisewillhavelittleeffectonself—esteeminchildhoodorpossiblyanegativeeffect。Providingachildwithresponsibilitiesbasedonhisorherabilitiesisalsoimportantinthedevelopmentofself-esteeminchildhood.Makingachildfeellikeahelpfulmemberofafamilyorgroup,whetherathomeorschool,helpstoformahighersenseofconfidenceinhisorherabilities。However,givingachildunfitresponsibilitiesortaskscandonogoodtothedevelopmentofhighself-esteeminchildhood.Eachpersonhasstrengthsandweaknesses。Achildcanbuilduphisorherconfidencelevelwhenhe/sheisencouragedtotakepartinactivities，whichcanprovidehimorherwithchancestoworkonweaknesses(缺點(diǎn))inahelpfulenvironment。Childrenwhoaregiventheopportunitiestousetheiruniqueskillstohelpothersorimprovethemselveshavehigherself—esteemthanthosewhoarenotgiventhesamechancesorwhoarepushedintoactivitiesthattheydonotenjoyordonothaveanabilitytodo。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3Directions:Readthefollowingpassage。Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaandthemainpoint(s）ofthepassage。Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.RightColorsforRestaurantWalls?Haveyouevernoticedthatmanyrestaurantshaveredororangewalls？Thisfashioncomesfromthewidelyheldbeliefthatthesetwocolorsstimulatetheappetite.Restauranteurshopethatbystimulatingtheappetitesoftheircustomersinthisway,theycanencouragethemtoordermorefood。Alargefast—foodchainrecentlydecidedtotestthebeliefthatthecolorofthedecorationaffectshowmuchfoodtheircustomersorder。ThiscompanyhasrestaurantsinmajorcitiesacrosstheUSandservescustomersofallages,includingsmallchildren.Thetraditionaldecorationofthisrestaurantchainincludesbeige（米色的）paintonthewalls.Forthistest,thecompanypaintedthewallsinhalfofitsrestaurantsorange，leavingtheotherhalfofitsrestaurantswiththeiroriginalbeigewalls。Inordertomakeupforthepossibleinfluenceofculturaldifferencesbetweencities，thecompanymadesurethatineverycitywhereitsrestaurantsarelocated，therewerebothrestaurantswithorangewallsandrestaurantswithbeigewalls。Therestaurantchainkepttrackofexactlywhatfoodswereorderedineachrestaurantforoneyearbeforethewallswerepainted，andthenagainforoneyearafterthewallshadbeenpainted。Theyfoundnodifference。Onaverage，customersineachrestaurant,whetherishadbeigeorofthecompanysaid.“Wehaveprovenit.”Thewallsofalltherestaurantsinthechainhavebeenrestoredtotheiroriginalbeigecolor。Thecompanypresidentexplainedthatthiscolorispartofthecompany’simage.Nowthatthestudyisover，peoplemightbeconfusediftheywalkedintoarestaurantexpectingbeigewallsandgotorangeinstead，sothecompanypresidentexplained。4閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Plant-BasedDietWhatisaplant—baseddiet?Isitjustafashionablenewtermfora“vegan（嚴(yán)格素食主義者）"?Whilethereisnosetdefinition,aplant-basedwayofeatingfocusesonconsumingplant-sourcedwholefoods(全天然食物）thatareleastprocessedintheiroriginalform，forexamplewholegrains,fruits，vegetables，nutsandseeds.Thesearefullofvitamins，minerals,andprovideanabundanceofnutrientsforyourbody。Followingaplant—basedlifestyledoesn'tnecessarilymeanfullyavoidinganimalproductslikeavegan。Forplant—basedeaters，animalproteinscanhappilyfitinwiththelifestyle,yettheyplaymoreofasupportingrole。Overall，“plant—based”ismoreofabroadandflexiblewayofthinkingaboutnutritionratherthanarigiddiet。Withaplant-baseddiet,thefocusisonsimple,nutritiouswholefoods。Whypeoplestartfollowingaplant-baseddiet？Oneofthemainreasonsisthehealthbenefits。Now，moresothanever，researchisshowinghoweatingmoreplantsandlessmeatcanpositivelyaffecthealth。Particularly,aplant-basedlifestylehasbeenlinkedtohearthealth.Inastudyofmorethan10,000adultspublishedintheJournaloftheAmericanHeartAssociation，itwasshownthatthosewhofollowedamoreplant-baseddiethada16percentlowerriskofhavingcardiovascular（心血管的)diseaseanda32percentlowerriskofdyingofcardiovasculardisease.Aplant—basedlifestylecanalsohelptopromoteweightlossandhelptomaintainyourgoalweight。Weightlosscommonlyoccursbecausethedietconsistsoffoodsthatarefulloffiberandhaveahigh-watercontent，whicheasilymakeyoufeelfullup.Anothermajorreasontojumpattheplant—basedeatingtrainistheexternal(外界的，外部的）benefits.Plant—basedfoodsareloadedwithvitamins，whichhelpbrightenyourskin。Oneoftheplant-basedall—starvitaminsisvitaminC，whichisapowerfulantioxidant。AlargenumberoffruitsandvegetablescontainvitaminC.Theyassistinsmoothinglines,andreducingwrinkles.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要.ItwasoncecommontoregardBritainasasocietywithclassdistinction。Eachclasshaduniquecharacteristics.Inrecentyears,manywritershavebeguntospeakofthe“declineofclass”and“classlesssociety”inBritain。Andinmoderndayconsumersocietyeveryoneisconsideredtobemiddleclass.Butpronouncingthedeathofclassistooearly.Arecentwide-rangingstudyofpublicopinionfound90percentofpeoplestillplacingthemselvesinaparticularclass;73percentagreedthatclasswasstillavitalpartofBritishsociety;and52percentthoughttherewerestillsharpclassdifferences。Thus，classmaynotbeculturallyandpoliticallyobvious,yetitremainsanimportantpartofBritishsociety.Britainseemstohavealoveofclasses。OneunchangingaspectofaBritishperson'sclasspositionisaccent.Thewordsapersonspeaksshowherorhisclass.AstudyofBritishaccentsduringthe1970sfoundthatavoicesoundinglikeaBBCnewsreaderwasviewedasthemostattractivevoice.Mostpeoplesaidthisaccentsounded“educated”and“soft”.Theaccentsplacedatthebottominthisstudy，ontheotherhand，wereregional（地區(qū)的)cityaccents.Theseaccentswereseenas“common”and“ugly”。However，asimilarstudyofBritishaccentsintheUSturnedtheseresultsupsidedownandplacedsomeregionalaccentsasthemostattractiveandBBCEnglishastheleast。ThissuggeststhatBritishattitudestowardsaccenthavedeeprootsandarebasedonclassprejudice。Inrecentyears,however，younguppermiddle-classpeopleinLondon，havebeguntoadoptsomeregionalaccents，inordertohidetheirclassorigins.Thisisanindicationofclassbecomingunnoticed。However，the1995popsong“CommonPeople"putsforwardtheviewthatthoughamiddle—classpersonmay“wanttolivelikecommonpeople”theycanneverappreciatetherealityofaworking—classlife.6閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Twoyearsago,LiYuhua'sdaughtertaughtherhowtoshoponline。Sincethen，the51-year—oldfarmerinWushanhasbeenaregularonlineshopper.ShopperslikeLiYuhuaarethenewtargetforChina'secommercegiants，includingAlibabaGroup，whichoperatestheTaobaoplatform,andJD.com。RuralChinaadded3millionmoreInternetusersinthefirsthalf,takingthetotalnumberto225million，or26。3%,ofthecountry'stotalInternetpopulationof854million，accordingtoareportonruralecommercedevelopmentreleasedlastweekbytheChinaInternationalElectronicCommerceCenter.Thathelpedimproveruralonlinesalesinthefirsthalfoftheyearby21%to777.1billionyuan(US＄109。6billion),outpacingthenationalgrowthrateby3。2percentagepoints.'’However,itisalittlebitearlytosaythatChina'secommercebattlefieldismovingtoruralChina，’'saidChenTao,asenioranalystatconsultancyAnalysys.Unlikeurbanresidents,mostruralChinesehaven'texperiencedecommerceshopping.Whilethatprovidesonlineplatformswithoneofthelastundevelopedmarketsforecommerce,progresshasbeenslowduetothelackofinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)andlogistics(物流)support.Toaddressthatproblem,China'ssecond-largestecommerceoperator，JD.comhiredmoredeliverymenandtesteddrone(無人機(jī)）deliveryservicestoimproveserviceinruralChina.AlibabaGroup，China’slargestecommerceplayer,announcedinAprillastyearthatithadinvestedUS＄717millioninHuitongdaNetworkCo.，whichhelpstoboostsalesin15，000townsacross18provinces.Anotherinhibitingfactorinthedevelopmentofruralecommerceistheincomegap。In2018,annualpercapitadisposableincome（人均可支配收入）inruralareaswas14,600yuan(US＄2,065)comparedwith39,300yuan(US$5,559）incities.'’Lowerdisposableincomesinruralareaslimittheconsumption,’’saidanalystChen?！疘talsotakestimetoeducateruralresidentstoacceptecommerceservicesasmostofthemarenewtoonline。ThereisstillalongwaytogotopopularizeonlineshoppinginruralChina.’’________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Itisquitereasonabletoblametrafficjams，thecostofgasandthegreatspeedofmodemlife，butmannersontheroadarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel。Itisallrighttohaveatigerinacage，buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatter.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners，butgoodsense.Ittakesthemostcool—headeddriversgreatpatiencetogiveupthedesiretobeatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving.Ontheotherhand，alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsreducingthepossibilityofquarrellingandfighting。Afriendlynodorawaveofthanksinanswertoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandbecomessonecessaryinmodemtrafficconditions.Butsuchbehaviorsofpolitenessarebynomeansenough.Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit。However，misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous。Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhowavesachildcrossingthestreetatawrongplaceintothepathofoncomingcarsthatmaynotbeabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.Anexperienceddriver,whosemannersarefaultless，toldmeitwouldhelpifdriverslearnttocorrectlyjoinintrafficstreamwithoutcausingtotalblockagesthatgiverisetounpleasantfeelings。Unfortunately，modemdriverscan'tevenlearntodrive,letalonemastertheroadmanship。Yearsago，expertswarnedusthatthefastincreaseofthecarownershipwoulddemandmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1Theinternetsupportstherisingdemandandgrewstrongerconfrontingthepandemic.Thelifewithoutinternetwouldbethendifferentbutnotbetterorworsesinceinternetofferseasetoworkandconnectionbutstealspersonaltime。Nowadaystheinternetconnectsusallsothatpeopleforgetabouttimeanddistanceandcompaniesmaintaingrowth。Inthefirstquarterof2020,internetusehassurgedworldwideintermsofvideocalls，PCgamesandevenonlinegrocerystores?！窘馕觥窟@是一篇概要寫作題型。要求考生根據(jù)短文寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。完成一篇概要寫作,需要經(jīng)過三個(gè)步驟:1。讀懂原文，抓住段落主題句。在閱讀過程中，需要準(zhǔn)確把握文章的段落大意，學(xué)會(huì)剔除非重要信息,弄清楚不同體裁的文章內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系以及文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。如本文是屬于說明文,說明文的段落結(jié)構(gòu)多采用總分結(jié)構(gòu)，即作者先提出一個(gè)說明的主題,然后段落其他的拓展句都是圍繞這個(gè)主題句進(jìn)行展開。如第二段的第一句和第二句“HowwouldourworldsurvivewithoutInternetinpandemicsituation？Theanswerissimple:differentlybutnotbetterorworse?！北硎镜氖俏覀兊氖澜缡侨绾卧谝咔橹腥鄙僖蛱鼐W(wǎng)的情況下生存的呢？答案很簡單：不同地但是沒有好壞。這是本段的主題句，緊接著其他拓展句就有無因特網(wǎng)的不同生活進(jìn)行說明。2.組織語言，轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)。在找到主題句明確全文中心的基礎(chǔ)上，不全盤照抄原文句子，盡量用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)，組織好語言，注重語言表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性和準(zhǔn)確性以及高級(jí)性,同時(shí)要注意篇幅的比例安排,用較多的文字去表達(dá)重要的內(nèi)容。如本文的第二段主題句是“HowwouldourworldsurvivewithoutInternetinpandemicsituation？Theanswerissimple：differentlybutnotbetterorworse。"，可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“Thelifewithoutinternetwouldbedifferentbutnotbetterorworse."3。通讀全文，邏輯連貫。要牢記各段落要點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系和自然銜接,用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞，銜接詞去連貫全文。如：1.表文章結(jié)構(gòu)順序：Firstofall，F(xiàn)irstly/First，Secondly/Second…Andthen，F(xiàn)inally,Intheend,Atlast2.表并列補(bǔ)充關(guān)系:Whatismore，Besides，Moreover,Furthermore,InadditionAswellas,notonly…but(also）,including，3。表轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系:However,Onthecontrary，but，Although+clause(從句)，Inspiteof+n/doing,Ontheonehand…,Ontheotherhand…Some…，whileothers…，asfor,so…that…4。表因果關(guān)系：Because,As,So,Thus,Therefore，Asaresult2Severaldifferentfactorsaffectself-esteeminchildhood,especiallyachild’scommunicationwithhisparents，caregivers,andotheradultrolemodels。（要點(diǎn)1）Receivingpraiseforachi