八年級(jí)英語課堂筆記8AUnit3climbthehill爬山一climb(up)…爬…climbuptheGreatWall爬長城②climbintothebed爬上床③climbthroughthewindow從窗戶爬出來④climboverthewall翻越墻needtoexerciseandkeepfit需要鍛煉來保持健康(1)keepfit,keephealthy,stayhealthy保持健康keepsb+adj:keepushealthykeepsb+doing:keepworkersworking⑵need作名詞時(shí)，構(gòu)成短語inneed。作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞；當(dāng)主語和它后面的動(dòng)詞之間有一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，使用needdoing或needtobedone。作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)無人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形。②Heneedstostudy①②Heneedstostudyhard.③Alotofhomeworkneedsfinishing.=Alotofhomeworkneedstobefinished.⑶exercise?n/vdomorning/eyeexercises.做鍛煉：doexercise做練習(xí)：doexercises他每天鍛煉。Hedoesexerciseeveryday./Heon(命令句)快，快點(diǎn)吧；走吧；跟我來；這邊來吧Comeon!We'llbelateforschool.快點(diǎn)！我們上學(xué)要遲到了。Let'senjoyourselves!(l)enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得高興，過得愉快，反身代詞與主語保持一致。⑵Let'sdosth,shallwe?除此以外的祈使句，無論是肯定式還是否定式，附加疑問部分一律用willyou.e.g.①Don'tbelateagain,willyou?②Openthedoor,willyou?③Letusgohome,willyou?takeaboattrip乘船旅行，gopasttheOperaHouse經(jīng)過悉尼歌劇院sitinalittlecoffeeshopbytheRiverSeine坐在塞納河畔的一個(gè)小咖啡店里coffeehouse咖啡店；茶館，coffeeshop咖啡店by…在…旁邊(比near近)Comeandwarmyourselfbythefire.過來烤烤火。takecare保重；當(dāng)心，小心(l)take(good)careof…=lookafter???well(好好)照顧…⑵lookout當(dāng)心—lookoutof向…外看⑶becareful小心一becarefulof/with…珍視；注意Pleasebecarefulofyourhealth.請注意你的健康。abeautifulbuildingwithabiggardenandmanytrees介詞短語withabiggardenandmanytrees作后置定語，修飾名詞abeautifulbuilding。foreigncountry外國，aforeignlanguage—門外語haveawonderful/great/goodtime玩得高興;過得愉快haveawonderful/great/goodtime+doinginterestingplaces=placesofinterest有趣的地方；名勝(注意此處的interest無復(fù)數(shù))這里interest解釋為“令人感興趣的事或人”。interest還表示“興趣"，常用的短語有：show/haveinterestinsth對…某事感興趣，show/haveinterestindoingsth對…做某事感興趣①Danielshows/hasgreatinterestincomputers.Danielshows/hasgreatinterestinmakinghisownhomepage.invitemetojointheirschooltriptotheWorldPark邀請我參加她們學(xué)校組織的去世界公園的旅行(l)invitesbto…邀請某人去某地一sbbeinvitedto…某人應(yīng)邀去某地，Millieinvitedmetoherbirthdayparty.—IwasinvitedtoMillie'sbirthdayparty.(2)invitesbtodosth邀請某人做某事一sbbeinvitedtodosth某人應(yīng)邀做某事，Weshouldinvitemorepeopletotakepartinthecharityshow.=Morepeopleshouldbeinvitedtotakepartinthecharityshow.⑶join參加，加入某組織，如政黨、社會(huì)團(tuán)體等。joinsb,joinsbinsth指和某人一起做某事°joinin???=takepartin…參加某活動(dòng)，attend出席。試比較：①Hejoinedthetennisclub.②Themanjoinedthearmyattheageof19.Hejoinedinthegame.④Didyoutakepartinyourschoolsportsmeeting?⑤We'regoingtoplanttrees.Willyoujoinus?⑥Hejoinedusinthegame.atthebeginning開始；起初atthebeginning=inthebeginning=atfirst=atthestart開始；起初atlast,finally,intheend后來；最后；終于，與上述短語“開始，起初”意思相反。atthebeginningof…在…之初(后接時(shí)間)—attheendof…在…末尾，在…的盡頭(后接時(shí)間或地點(diǎn))注意：沒有inthebeginningof…，intheendof…frombeginningtoend自始至終；從頭到尾。注意：該短語不含定冠詞the。⑶beginwith???=startwith…先做…；以???開始e.g.Let'sbeginwithExercise1.⑷表示“啟程”、機(jī)器的“啟動(dòng)”只能用start。Let'sstartat6:00a.m.tomorrow.⑸Wellbegunishalfdone.良好的開端是成功的一半。attheschoolgate在學(xué)校大門口at表示在較小的地方，如：atthetheatre在劇院，attheparty在聚會(huì)上，attheairport在機(jī)場，atthebusstop在公交站臺(tái)，atthecrossing,atthecrossroads在十字路口getonacoach上長途汽車geton???/getoff…上/下(車/船等)，e.g.geton/getofftheplane上/下飛機(jī)alotoftraffic=heavytraffic=busytraffic交通擁擠，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。one/it/that(those)的區(qū)別Yourcoatisverynice.Iwillbuy__onetomorrow.TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinChangzhou.PeopleinChinaaremorefriendlythan__those_intheUK.Ionlyhaveonecopyofnewspaper,doyouwantit_?One是指同類不同物，指代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)用ones；it指同類同物；that或those用于比較級(jí)中。試翻譯：Thepyramidslookliketherealones.whole：thewholeworld=alltheworld??????????thewholeday?=alldayarriveattheWorldPark到達(dá)世界公園“到達(dá)”有三種表達(dá)，getto+某地，arriveat+小地方，arrivein+大地方，reach+某地。getto，arriveat/in后接地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)不能用介詞，常用的地點(diǎn)副詞有here,there,home。如：get/arrivehere/there/home到這里/到那里/到家。bemadeofmetal由金屬制成(l)bemadeof…由…制成，強(qiáng)調(diào)從制成的成品上還能看得出原材料，物理變化。Thedeskismadeofwood.這張桌子是木制的。⑵bemadefrom…由…制成，表示從成品上已經(jīng)看不出原材料，化學(xué)變化。Wineismadeofgrapes.葡萄酒是葡萄釀成的。⑶bemadeupof…由…組成，由…構(gòu)成，指各個(gè)部分組成整體。Ourclassismadeupof54students.我們班由54名學(xué)生組成。⑷bemadein…在某地制造NOKIAmobilephonesaremadeinBeijing.not…?？谘緈ore再也不=nomore,nomore,nolonger用于be動(dòng)詞后、行為動(dòng)詞前notanymore=nomore…再也不…(表示程度、數(shù)量上的不再)notanylonger=nolonger…不再…(表示時(shí)間上的不再延續(xù))e.g.①Whenthebabysawhismother,hedidnotcryanymore.②Afterhavingsomebread,shewasnolongerhungry.(l)moreandmore…越來越…；越來越多…⑵moreorless幾乎；差不多⑶whatismore更有甚者；更為重要的是e.g.I'vemoreorlessfinishedreadingthebook.我差不多已經(jīng)讀完這本書。You'rewrong,andwhatismoreyouknowit.你錯(cuò)了！而且你明明知道你錯(cuò)了！thesonganddanceshows歌舞巡游，joininthedancing加入舞蹈行列ontheInternet在因特網(wǎng)上onthecomputer在電腦上，onthescreen在屏幕上，onTV在電視上teachhimselfhowtomakeahomepage自學(xué)制作網(wǎng)頁teachoneself???=learn???byoneself自學(xué)…，疑問詞+帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。goandseeforyourself親自去看看foroneself親自，byoneself=onone'sown=alone獨(dú)自；單獨(dú)一Didshefinditoutforherself?一Yes.Sfromoneplacetoanother從一個(gè)地方到另一地方旅行fromoneplacetoanother相當(dāng)于fromplacetoplace類似的有：fromonecountrytoanother=fromcountrytocountry。(l)from…toanother中的another不能用other代替。⑵from…to…中的名詞前不能用冠詞a/an/the,名詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)。frombeginningtoend自始至終，fromheadtofoot從頭到腳frommorningtonighttakealookat…看一看have/takealook看一看，只強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作；have/takealookat…看一看…——ItookalotofphotosinShenzhen.——MayIhave/takealookatthem?Takealookatthethings(peopleusedinthepast).括號(hào)內(nèi)的句子是定語從句。inthepast過去，atpresent現(xiàn)在，inthefuture將來；未來(注意介詞in/at和冠詞的搭配)walkslowlyaroundthebiglakeandfeelthebeautyoftheoldparkintheSummerpalace在頤和園里環(huán)湖漫步，感受這座古老公園的美麗(l)beautyn.①美；美麗e.g.Athingofbeautyisajoyforever.美的事物永遠(yuǎn)令人喜愛。(語出約翰?濟(jì)慈JohnKeats—英國文壇巨星、著名詩人，與雪萊、拜倫齊名)美人；美麗的事物，Shewasabeautyinherday.⑵around圍繞；環(huán)繞一showsbaround...帶領(lǐng)某人參觀某地①TheguideshowedusaroundtheXuanwuLakePark②Theearthtravelsaroundthesun.Whichcitydoyouwanttogoto?該句的疑問詞which作goto的賓語，不能使用where。例如該句可以回答為IwanttogotoParis/Washington/London試比較：①Wheredoeshelive?②Whichflatdoeshelivein?travelbyunderground坐地鐵byunderground乘坐地鐵，by+交通工具，是介詞短語，此時(shí)by后無介詞。類似的有:bybus/train/plane/underground乘坐公共汽車/火車/飛機(jī)/地鐵。表示“乘坐某交通工具去某地”通常有兩種表達(dá)：①gotospby…②takethe…七o…。例如：坐地鐵去市中心：gotothecentreofthecitybyunderground=taketheundergroundtothecentreofthecity。另外，“乘坐飛機(jī)去某地”有三種形式：goto???byplane=taketheplaneto???=flyto…（飛往…）learnmoreaboutoldBeijing更多地了解老北京greatfun很有趣(l)fun名詞①娛樂，嬉戲e.g.Heisfulloffun.他很有趣。②有趣的人或事Wehadalotoffunattheparty在聚會(huì)上我們玩得很高興。Itisfuntoplaycards.玩牌很有趣。(不加a)(2)forfun鬧著玩的，e.g.Ihavesaiditjustforfun.我是說著玩的。⑶makefunof…?嘲弄…e.g.Theymadefunofhim.gohorseriding去騎馬，e.g.YoucangohorseridinginInnerMongolia.keeptheirsecrettothemselves保守著他們的這個(gè)秘密(l)keepsthtooneself不將某事說出去e.g.①Shealwayskeepsherideastoherself.②Theproblemofstressgetsworsewhenpeoplekeeptheirworriestothemselves.

(2)keepsecretsforsb為某人保密，e.g.Thankyousomuchforkeepingthesecretforme.⑶keepsecretsfromsb對某人保密atthefrontofthebus在公交車的前部一at/inthefrontof…在…的前部infrontof…“在…的前面”，主要指一物體在另一物體的前面，兩者是分開的，反義詞是behind,“在…的后面”；而at/inthefrontof…則指一物體中有一部分位于前部，在某物的前面部分，即兩者是包容的，thefront是某物的不可分割的組成部分；at/inthefrontof…的反義詞是atthebackof…在某物的后面部分；而before是“在…的面前”。①Theintroductionisalways①Theintroductionisalwaysin/atthefrontofthebook.序言總是置于卷首。②Shesatin/atthefrontofthebustogetagoodviewofthecountry.Manypeopletookphotos(在前面)theLeaningTowerofPisa.Therobberwastaken（在面前）hefinalofthebasketballcompetition在籃球賽決賽中inthefirsthalfofthe…在…的上半場比賽中，inthesecondhalfofthe…在…的下半場比賽中，inthefinalofthe…在…的決賽中，half-time中場休息，presentationofcupandmedals頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)杯和獎(jiǎng)牌儀式，goldmedal金牌，silvermedal銀牌，bronzemedal銅牌。注意：贏得/獲得金牌：winagoldmedaltakeplace發(fā)生；舉行，不及物動(dòng)詞短語，不能接賓語，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)中。⑴發(fā)生Thedialoguetookplaceatatailor'sshop.②GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1989.注意：happen是“偶然發(fā)生”e.g.Whathappenedtohimlastnight?(2)舉行=beheld,e.g.TheweddingofMichaelandStellawilltakeplacenextSunday.taketheplaceof…取代/代替…，takeone'splace取代/代替某人Hereisatoyplanetotaketheplaceoftheoneyoulost.Mysisterisill,andI'vecometotakeherplace.Nowplastics(塑料)cantaketheplaceofsteelinmanywaysinlife.gobacktomyschool回到我的學(xué)校gobackto=returnto回到e.g.HongandMacaohavereturnedtoChina.afunplacetovisit動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語，這里的fun是形容詞，意為“有趣的”。theplanfortoday當(dāng)天的計(jì)劃fplan①n.計(jì)劃②v.計(jì)劃makeaplan制訂計(jì)劃，makea/theplanfor…制訂…的計(jì)劃，plantodosth計(jì)劃做某事e.g.makeaplanforthecomingsummerholidaychangetothebus換乘公共汽車(l)changev.,“交換"，與復(fù)數(shù)賓語連用Canwechangeseats?⑵change名詞，①變化(可數(shù)名詞)e.g.greatchanges巨變②找給的零錢“Don'tforgetyourchange!”saidthecashier.takethebusallthewaytothePalaceMuseum乘公共汽車直達(dá)故宮makeitareallyfundayforeveryone使每個(gè)人度過真正有趣的一天letmeknowassoonaspossible.—letsbknowassoonaspossible盡快通知某人luckn.運(yùn)氣，常用于①Goodlucktosb.祝某人好運(yùn)。②Goodluckwithsth.某事好運(yùn)。luck—luckyadj.幸運(yùn)的，e.g.aluckydog幸運(yùn)兒；lucky—luckily幸好,幸運(yùn)地，幸運(yùn)的是,常用于句首。Herhandbagwasstolenonherwaybackhome.(luck),shehadn'tputherkeysinit.supportv.&n.支持；養(yǎng)活e.g.①havealotofsupportfromsb得至9某人的大力支持Markhasabigfamilytosupport.馬克養(yǎng)活一大家人。③withone'ssupport在某人的支持下support—supporter支持者；擁護(hù)者e.g.I'maYaoMingsupporter.我是姚明的球迷。insteadadv.代替e.g.There'snothingatthecinema.Let'sgototheInternetbarinstead.—insteadof+名詞/代詞/動(dòng)名詞/介詞短語，代替…e.g.CanIcomeat9:00insteadof8:00?real/true詞語辨析real和true的主要含義不同，real指確實(shí)存在、非相像的；true表示與事實(shí)相符、真實(shí)、非杜撰的°e.g.①Wasitrealorwasitadream?這是真實(shí)還是夢幻②Isthenewstrue?這消息是真的嗎③amoviebasedonatruestory取材于真實(shí)故事的電影movementn.運(yùn)動(dòng)；行進(jìn)；走動(dòng)e.g.①Therewasasuddenmovementinthebushes.灌木叢里突然有什么東西動(dòng)了一下。②thewomen's/peacemovement婦女/和平運(yùn)動(dòng)ticket票；券；入場券⑴abus/theatre/planeticket公共汽車票/戲票/機(jī)票，TicketsareavailablefromArtsCentre_atY50.藝術(shù)中心有票，每張50元。⑵aticketfor票，freeticketsfortheshow演出的免費(fèi)入場券⑶atieketoffice售票處,atieketmachine自動(dòng)售票機(jī),atieketcollector收票員win（在比賽、賽跑、戰(zhàn)斗中）獲勝，贏，后接賓語為比賽、賽跑、戰(zhàn)斗等,不能接人作賓語一反義詞lose。winner獲勝者。beat（在比賽或競爭中）贏、打?。橙耍蠼拥馁e語是人或團(tuán)體。①FrancewontheWorldCupin1998,butlostin2002.②Congratulations!Youwin!Hebeatmeatchess.④Theirrecentwinshaveprovedthey'restilltheonestobeat.cheervi.歡呼；喝彩；cheerfor…為…歡呼一cheerful高興的；興高采烈的，①Cheeringcrowdsgreetedtheirarrival.②Weallcheeredforourfootballteamastheycameonthefield.ThecrowdcheeredthePresidentwhenhedroveslowlyby.Hefeltcheerfulandfullofenergy.他感到興