2021下半年教師資格《高中英語學(xué)科知識與教學(xué)能力》黑鉆押題1卷面總分：33分答題時間：240分鐘試卷題量：33題練習(xí)次數(shù)：7次

單選題（共30題，共30分）

1.Thesituationalapproachisagrammar-basedlanguageteachingmethodwhichfocuseson________.

A.grammarandvocabularies

B.orallanguageandsentencepatterns

C.speakingandlistening

D.pronunciationandspeaking

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：考查情景教學(xué)法。情景教學(xué)法是一種以語法為基礎(chǔ)，強調(diào)口語和句型教學(xué)，教學(xué)過程中分級處理語法和詞匯．并通過情景呈現(xiàn)新教學(xué)項目的外語教學(xué)法。故8項正確。

2.Whichofthefollowingpracticesaimsatskilltrainingandpronunciationknowledge?

A.Oddoneout

B.Tonguetwister

C.Contextpractice

D.Reciting

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：考查語音教學(xué)練習(xí)。題干問：下列哪一項練習(xí)以語音知識和技巧訓(xùn)練為目的?最小對比對訓(xùn)練、判斷單詞的異同、排列單詞的順序、找出一組詞中讀音不同的詞都屬于語音知識和技巧的訓(xùn)練：而繞口令、語境練習(xí)以及背誦和朗讀都屬于語音運用的訓(xùn)練。故選A。

3.Whenateacherhelpsstudentsdealwiththeinformationgapofrealdiscourse,he/sheprobablyaimsatdevelopingstudents′__________.

A.linguisticcompetence

B.strategiccompetence

C.discoursecompetence

D.fluency

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：考查交際能力。赫奇（Hedge）認(rèn)為，交際能力包括五個方面的能力：語言能力（linguisticcompetence）、語用能力（pragmaticcompetence）、語篇能力（discoursecompetence）、策略能力（strategiccompetence）和流利性（fluency）。流利性與說話有關(guān)，是指能夠態(tài)度自然地、在沒有不當(dāng)遲緩或猶豫的情況下不費力地把語言單位連接在一起。一旦語言使用者具有了流利性。他就能夠在真正語篇中應(yīng)付信息差，能處理語言并且能自如地做出恰當(dāng)反應(yīng)．在真實時間段內(nèi)能用合理的速度回應(yīng)。故選D。

4.Howshouldtheteacherdealwithstudents′writingerrors?

A.Teachersshouldlimitstudentstotakingriskstousenewvocabularyandstructures

B.Teachersshouldoftenshownegativeattitudetowardsstudents'writingerrors

C.Teachersshouldmakecorrectionsofallthewritingerrorsforstudents

D.Teachersshouldunderlinetheerrorsandleavethemforstudentstocorrectthemselves

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：考查寫作教學(xué)。學(xué)生在寫作中犯錯常常是難以避免的情況，教師應(yīng)該不怕學(xué)生犯錯，不要限制學(xué)生運用較難的詞匯和句子，這樣學(xué)生的寫作能力才會提高。教師如果經(jīng)常對錯誤持消極的態(tài)度，就會阻礙學(xué)生的寫作熱情，不利于寫作技能的提高。教師在批閱作文時，不應(yīng)該自己把所有的錯誤都改正，而應(yīng)該指出錯誤并讓學(xué)生自己去改，以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獨立寫作的能力。故選D。

5.Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribesthepairofwords"kill"and"drill"?

A.Minimalpair

B.Aphonemiccontrast

C.Closedclasswords

D.Boundmorphemes

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：考查音系學(xué)知識。最小對立體(minimal?pair)可用來弄清楚替代哪個語音將會產(chǎn)生不同的意義，用于描述只有一個語音具有區(qū)別特征的兩個詞，如beat和bit，bead和bid。

6.Passage1

Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinage?discriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedassuccessfulclaims.Whilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbythe?AgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,and?caseshiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.

Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-managerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalary?andpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotential?benefits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiring,atleastforentry-leveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhichIsentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious?entry-levelfemalecandidatesandmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Among?thisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50?yearsold,were40percentmorelikelytobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.

Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkersthanforotherworkers?whentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,but?thisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.

Fromtheemployer′sperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchancetoremoveahigherproportionofgenerallymoreexpensiveolderworkerswithouttheworryofbeingsued.Ontheotherhand,employers?maybe

A.youngermaleapplicantsaremorelikelytobehiredthantheirfemalecounterparts

B.agediscriminationisquitecommoninhiringprocess

C.theauthorcollectedinformationbyinterviewingfemaleapplicants

D.femaleapplicantswhoare50yearsoldwillneverhaveachancetogetajob

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Boston定位到第四段。該段首句指出年齡歧視起碼在低級別的職位存在，接下來又通過實驗調(diào)查可知，年齡歧視在招聘過程中很普遍，故選B。

7.Passage1

Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinage?discriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedassuccessfulclaims.Whilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbythe?AgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,and?caseshiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.

Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-managerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalary?andpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotential?benefits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiring,atleastforentry-leveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhichIsentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious?entry-levelfemalecandidatesandmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Among?thisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50?yearsold,were40percentmorelikelytobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.

Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkersthanforotherworkers?whentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,but?thisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.

Fromtheemployer′sperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchancetoremoveahigherproportionofgenerallymoreexpensiveolderworkerswithouttheworryofbeingsued.Ontheotherhand,employers?maybe

A.employerscouldspecifytheagesofpeopletheywanttohireinthepast

B.allemployersrecruitedworkersthroughadvertisementinthepast

C.legislationprohibitingdiscriminationcan'tfreeoldworkersfromagediscrimination

D.therecentproposedcongressionallegislationisineffective

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段第一句“Not?manypeople…”可知A正確。第一句指出過去的招聘廣告會詳述年齡要求，但并不能說明所有的雇主都會通過廣告招聘工人，故B錯誤；文中并沒有提到年齡歧視法案是否會將年老的工人解救出來，故C沒有原文根據(jù)；D與該段最后兩句表述有出入。

8.Passage1

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn′taffecther,Priestlyexplains?howthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant′ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowsto?departmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn′tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswith?thefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline′sthree-yearindictmentof"fast?fashion".Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchas?Zara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.

Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.These?labelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable--meanttolastonlyawash?ortwo,althoughtheydon′tadvertisethat--andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.By?offeringon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95?knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld′sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan′s?TheOmnivore′sDilemma."Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetis?non-durableandwasteful,"Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsa?year--about64itemsperperson--andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadsto?waste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarah?

A.poorbargainingskill

B.insensitivitytofashion

C.obsessionwithhighfashion

D.lackofimagination

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段，“scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthat?highfashiondoesn’taffecther”意為“臭罵她那個毫無魅力的助手，因為她居然認(rèn)為高級時尚影響不到她”。所以題干criticizes是scolds的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)．B項中的“insensitivitytofashion”解釋了“imaginingthathighfashiondoesn’t?affecther”．故選B項。A項“拙劣的討價還價技巧”是針對“bargainbininwhichthepoorgirl”出的干擾項。C項“癡迷于高級時尚”與原文表述相反。D項“缺乏想象力”是針對imagining出的干擾項。

9.Passage1

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn′taffecther,Priestlyexplains?howthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant′ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowsto?departmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn′tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswith?thefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline′sthree-yearindictmentof"fast?fashion".Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchas?Zara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.

Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.These?labelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable--meanttolastonlyawash?ortwo,althoughtheydon′tadvertisethat--andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.By?offeringon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95?knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld′sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan′s?TheOmnivore′sDilemma."Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetis?non-durableandwasteful,"Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsa?year--about64itemsperperson--andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadsto?waste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarah?

A.accusation

B.enthusiasm

C.indifference

D.tolerance

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：詞義題。猜測單詞含義要結(jié)合上下文的意思分析。本句“…couldn’tbemoleoutofdate?oratoddswiththefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof‘fastfashion’”，or連接兩個并列分句，or前是“太老套”，由此可判斷or后應(yīng)該是“太時尚”，“described?in?Overdressed，Elizabeth?Cline’sthree-yearindictmentof‘fastfashion’”都是作定語修飾thefeverishworld(發(fā)燒的、瘋狂的世界)。結(jié)合前面couldn't可知Cline對這fastfashion是否定的。段末提到hijack和shaking．也可知Cline對“快速時尚”持否定態(tài)度。B項enthusiasm“熱情”、D項tolerance“寬容”都是褒義詞。C項indifference“漠不關(guān)心，不感興趣”，但本文態(tài)度傾向很明顯。因此選A．a(chǎn)ccusation“譴責(zé)”。Cline的態(tài)度也確實是譴責(zé)，從下文寫其負(fù)面影響可見一斑。

10.Passage1

Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinage?discriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedassuccessfulclaims.Whilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbythe?AgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,and?caseshiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.

Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-managerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalary?andpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotential?benefits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiring,atleastforentry-leveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhichIsentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious?entry-levelfemalecandidatesandmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Among?thisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50?yearsold,were40percentmorelikelytobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.

Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkersthanforotherworkers?whentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,but?thisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.

Fromtheemployer′sperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchancetoremoveahigherproportionofgenerallymoreexpensiveolderworkerswithouttheworryofbeingsued.Ontheotherhand,employers?maybe

A.agediscriminationlawwasjustintroducedrecently

B.otherdiscriminatedgroupsdon'tsueexceptthewhites

C.agediscriminationcasesareinlargequantityanditisdifficulttodetectallofthem

D.manydiscriminatedpeopledon'tsueandcostsofalawsuitoutweighpotentialbenefits

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：推理判斷題。第二段最后一句講到許多年齡歧視案件沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)，第三段分析了其原因。由第三段第二句“Forthemost…”可知選D。

11.Passage1

Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinage?discriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedassuccessfulclaims.Whilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbythe?AgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,and?caseshiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.

Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-managerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalary?andpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotential?benefits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiring,atleastforentry-leveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhichIsentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious?entry-levelfemalecandidatesandmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Among?thisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50?yearsold,were40percentmorelikelytobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.

Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkersthanforotherworkers?whentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,but?thisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.

Fromtheemployer′sperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchancetoremoveahigherproportionofgenerallymoreexpensiveolderworkerswithouttheworryofbeingsued.Ontheotherhand,employers?maybe

A.Theincreaseofagediscrimination

B.Thedecreaseofagediscrimination

C.Thedecreaseofopportunitycosttolawsuits

D.Theincreaseofopportunitycosttolawsuits

正確答案：C

您的答案：

本題解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)highunemployment定位到第五段最后兩句。根據(jù)最后兩句“Thenun-berof…”可知，高失業(yè)時期的訴訟機會成本低于好景時的機會成本，因此可推斷高失業(yè)期訴訟機會成本較低可導(dǎo)致訴訟案件增加，故選C。

12.Passage1

Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinage?discriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedassuccessfulclaims.Whilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbythe?AgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,and?caseshiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.

Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-managerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalary?andpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotential?benefits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiring,atleastforentry-leveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhichIsentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious?entry-levelfemalecandidatesandmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Among?thisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50?yearsold,were40percentmorelikelytobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.

Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkersthanforotherworkers?whentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,but?thisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.

Fromtheemployer′sperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchancetoremoveahigherproportionofgenerallymoreexpensiveolderworkerswithouttheworryofbeingsued.Ontheotherhand,employers?maybe

A.pessimistic

B.partial

C.objective

D.doubtful

正確答案：C

您的答案：

本題解析：觀點態(tài)度題。第一段講到很多年齡歧視情況都不被發(fā)現(xiàn)，接下來分析原因，講到立法效果不明顯等。這些都是事實及現(xiàn)狀，作者沒有帶自己的主觀色彩，故對年齡歧視問題的分析是客觀的，所以選C。

13.Passage1

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn′taffecther,Priestlyexplains?howthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant′ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowsto?departmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn′tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswith?thefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline′sthree-yearindictmentof"fast?fashion".Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchas?Zara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.

Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.These?labelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable--meanttolastonlyawash?ortwo,althoughtheydon′tadvertisethat--andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.By?offeringon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95?knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld′sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan′s?TheOmnivore′sDilemma."Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetis?non-durableandwasteful,"Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsa?year--about64itemsperperson--andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadsto?waste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarah?

A.combatunnecessarywaste

B.shutoutthefeverishfashionworld

C.resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements

D.shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞mass-marketlabels定位到第二段。段中“…theselabels?encouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable…torenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks”意為“這些時裝廠商鼓勵追求時尚的消費者把時裝變成一次性消費品……過幾星期就重填一次衣柜”．題干urge就是原文encourage的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。從原文可知時裝廠商是鼓勵消費者頻繁購物．因此D項正確。A項“抵制不必要的浪費”原文沒有提及。B項“將瘋狂的世界排除在外”，是對原文的曲解，也是利用短語at?oddswith“與……起爭執(zhí)，有差異”設(shè)置的陷阱。C項“抵抗廣告的影響”是針對原文“althoughtheydon’t?advertisethat”出的干擾項。

14.Passage1

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn′taffecther,Priestlyexplains?howthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant′ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowsto?departmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn′tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswith?thefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline′sthree-yearindictmentof"fast?fashion".Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchas?Zara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.

Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.These?labelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable--meanttolastonlyawash?ortwo,althoughtheydon′tadvertisethat--andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.By?offeringon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95?knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld′sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan′s?TheOmnivore′sDilemma."Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetis?non-durableandwasteful,"Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsa?year--about64itemsperperson--andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadsto?waste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarah?

A.Satireonanextravagantlifestyle

B.Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth

C.Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry

D.Exposureofamass-marketsecret

正確答案：C

您的答案：

本題解析：主旨題。綜觀文章，第一段用事例引入時尚的話題，第二段切入文章主要論述問題“快速時尚”，并指出它破壞了時尚周期，動搖了時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)。第三、四段指出“快速時尚”的弊端，比如：消耗自然資源、使用大量有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)、浪費等。最后兩段提到針對“快速時尚”的負(fù)面影響采取的應(yīng)對措施。由此可知，C項“批評快速時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)”論述了文章的主題。A項“諷刺奢侈的生活方式”，原文沒提。B項“挑戰(zhàn)高級時尚的神話”、D項“揭露暢銷的秘密”．均與文章關(guān)鍵詞fastfashion無關(guān)。

15.Passage1

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn′taffecther,Priestlyexplains?howthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant′ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowsto?departmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn′tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswith?thefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline′sthree-yearindictmentof"fast?fashion".Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchas?Zara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.

Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.These?labelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable--meanttolastonlyawash?ortwo,althoughtheydon′tadvertisethat--andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.By?offeringon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95?knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld′sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan′s?TheOmnivore′sDilemma."Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetis?non-durableandwasteful,"Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsa?year--about64itemsperperson--andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadsto?waste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarah?

A.Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists

B.Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability

C.Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments

D.Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：推斷題。A項“虛榮心更多地存在于理想主義者中”，原文只是說Vanityisaconstant“虛榮心每個人都有”，屬于過度推斷。B項“快速時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)忽視了可持續(xù)發(fā)展”與原文相悖．原文說有一些公司致力于減少對環(huán)境的影響。C項“人們對買不起的衣服更感興趣”，無中生有。D項“價格對于環(huán)保型購物來說至關(guān)重要”．文章最后提到“人們買不起的時候．自然會以更加可持續(xù)的方式去購物”．句中的關(guān)鍵詞是“afford”和“shop?moresustainably”，對應(yīng)D項中的“pricing”和“environmental-friendlypurchasing”，因此選D項。

16.Aswehaveknownfromthemapoftheworld,thisis_________.

A.twiceaslargeasthatisland

B.twiceaslargerasthatisland

C.astwicelargeasthatone

D.twiceaslargeislandasthat

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：考查數(shù)詞的用法。表示“……是……的幾倍”，由“倍數(shù)+as+形容詞+as+”結(jié)構(gòu)組成。

17.Passage2

Evenintraditionaloffices,"thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionaland?muchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,"saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehn.

Shestartedspinningoffexamples."IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990,we?wouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikejourney,mission,passion.Thereweregoals,therewerestrategies,therewereobjectives,butwedidn′ttalkaboutenergy;wedidn′ttalkaboutpassion."

Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery"team"-oriented--andnotbycoinci-dence."Let′snotforgetsports--inmale-dominatedcorpo