大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解試題及答案（一）Therearethreekindsofgoals:short-term,medium-rangeandlong-termgoals.Short-rangegoalsarethosethatusuallydealwithcurrentactivities,whichwecanapplyonadailybasis.Suchgoalscanbeachievedinaweekorless,ortwoweeks,orpossiblemonths.Itshouldberememberedthatjustasabuildingisnostrongerthanitsfoundation,outlong-termgoalscannotamounttoverymunchwithouttheachievementofsolidshort-termgoals.Uponcompletingourshort-termgoals,weshoulddatetheoccasionandthenaddnewshort-termgoalsthatwillbuildonthosethathavebeencompleted.Theintermediategoalsbukldonthefoundationoftheshort-rangegoals.Theymightdealwithjustonetermofschoolortheentireschoolyear,ortheycouldevenextendforseveralyears.Anytimeyoumoveastepatatime,youshouldneverallowyourselftobecomediscouragedoroverwhelmed.Asyoucompleteeachstep,youwillenforcethebeliefinyourabilitytogrowadnsucceed.Andasyourlistofcompletiondatesgrow,yourmotivationanddesirewillincrease.Long-rangegoalsmayberelatedtoourdreamsofthefuture.Theymightcoverfiveyearsormore.Lifeisnotastaticthing.Weshouldneverallowalong-termgoaltolimitusorourcourseofaction.1.Ourlong-termgoalsmeanalot__.ifwecompleteourshort-rangegoalsifwecannotreachsolidshort-termgoalsifwewritedownthedatesifweputforwardsomeplansNewshort-termgoalsarebulidupon__.twoyearslong-termgoalscurrentactivitiesthegoalsthathavebeencompletedWhenwecompleteeachstepofourgoals,__.wewillwinfinalsuccessweareoverwhelmedweshouldbuildupconfidenceofsuccessweshouldstrongdesireforsettingnewgoals4.Onceourgoalsaredrawnup,__.weshouldsticktothemuntilwecompletethemwemaychangeourgoalsaswehavenewideasandopportunitieswehadbetterwaitfortheexcitingnewsofsuccesswehavemadegreatdecisiontisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat___.thosewhohabelong-termgoalswillsucceedwritingdownthedatesmaydiscourageyouthegoalisonlyaguideforustoreachourdesinationeveryshouldhaveagoal答案：adcbc答案：adcbcTheeconomyoftheUnitedstatesafter1952wastheeconnomyofawell-fed,almostfullyemployedpeople.Despitoccasionalalarms,thecountryescapedanypostwardepressionandlivedinastateofboom.Aneconomicsurveyoftheyear1955,atypicalyearofthe1950's,maybetypicalasillustratingtherapideconomicgrowthofthedecade.Thenationaloutputwasvalueat10percentabovethatof1954(1955outputwasestimatedat392billiondollars).Theproductionofmanufacturerswasabout40percentmorethanithadaveragedintheyearsimmediatelyfollowingWorldWar2.Thecountryspbeunstinaebsosuts30billiondollarsfornewfactoriesandmachinery.Nationalincomeavailableforspendingwasalmostathirdgreaterthanithadbeenithadbeenin1950.Consumersspentabout256billiondollars;thatisabout700milliondollarsaday,orabouttwenty-fivemilliondollarseveryhour,allroundtheclock.Sixty-fivemillionpeopleheldjobsandonlyalittlemorethantwomillionwantedjobsbutcouldnotfindthem.Onlyagriculturecomplainedthatitwasnotsharingintheroom.Tosomeobserversthiswasanominousechoofthemid-1920's.Asfarmer'sshreoftheirproductsdeclined,marketingcostsrose.Buttherewere,amongtheobserversofthenationaleconomy,afewwhowerenotasconfidentasthemajority.Thosefewseemedtofearthattheboomcouldnotlastandwouldeventuallyleadtotheoppsite-depression.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?TheAgriculaturalTrendsof1950'sTheUnemploymentRateof1950'sU.S.Economyinthe50'sTheFederalBudgetof1952InLine4,theword“boom”couldbestbereplacedby .nearbyexplosionb.thunderousnoisec.generalpublicsupportd.rapideconomicgrowth3.ItcanbeinferredthenationalfromthepassagethatmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesin1955viewedthenationaleconomywithanairof .a.confidenceconfusiondisappointmentsuspicion4.WhichofthefollowingwereLEASTsatisfiedwiththenationaleconomyinthe1950's?a.Economistsb.Frmaersc.Politiciansd.Steelworkers5.ThepassagestatesthatincomavailableforspendingintheU.S.wasgreaterin1955thanin1950.Howmuchwasit?a.60%b.50%c.33%d.90%答案：cdabca.60%b.50%c.33%d.90%答案：cdabcWomenarealsounderrepresentedintheadministrationandthisisbecausetherearesofewwomenfullprofessors.In1985,RegentBerylMilburnproducedareportblastingtheUniversityofTexasSystemadminitrationfornotencouragingwomen.TheUniversitywasratedamongthelowestforthesystem.Ina1987update,Milburncommendedtheprogressthatwasmadeandcalledforevenmoreimprovement.OneofthepositiveresultsfromherstudywasaSystem-wideprogramtoinformwomenofavailableadministrativejobs.CollegeofCommunicationAssociateDeanPatricaWitherspoon,saiditisimportantthatwomanbeflexiblewhenitcomestorelocatingiftheywanttoriseintheranks.Althoughawomanmayfaceachillyclimateoncampus,manytimesinorderforhertosucceed,shemustriseabovetheproblemsaroundherandconcentrateonherwork.UntilwomenmakeupagreaterpercentageoftheseniorpositionsintheUniversityandallacademia,inequitieswillexist."WomenneedtospendtheirenergiesandtimedoingscholarlyactivitiesthatareimportanthereattheUniversity."Spirdusosaid."Iftheydothatwillbesuccessfulinthissystem.Iftheyspendtheirtimeinlittlegroupsmourningthesexualdiscriminationthattheythinkexistshere,theyarewastingvaluablestudytime." AccordingtoSpirduso,duceareportonsexualdiscriminationcallforfurtherimprovementintheirworkingconditionsspendtheirenergiesandtimefightingagainstsexualdiscriminationspendmoretimeandenergydoingscholarlyactivities Fromthispassage,weknowthat.therearemanywomenfullprofessorsintheUniversityofTexaswomenplayanimportantpartinadminitratingtheUniversitytheweatheronthecampusischillywomenmakeupasmallpercentageoftheseniorpositionsintheUniversityWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?the number ofwomen professors intheUniversityin1987wasgreaterthanthatof 1985the number ofwomen professors intheUniversityin1987wassmallerthanthatof 1985the number ofwomen professors wasthesameasthatof1985moreandmorewomenprofessorsthoughtthatsexualdiscriminationdidexitinthe University4.OneofthepositiveresultsfromMilburn'sstudywasthat___.womenweretoldtoconcentrateonteirworkwomenweregiveninformationaboutavailableadministrativejobswomenwereencouragedtotakeonalltheadministrativejobsintheUnversitywomenwereencouragedtodomorescholarlyactivitiesThetitleforthispassageshouldbe .TheUniversityofTexasMilburn'sReportWomenProfessorsSexualDiscriminationinAcademia答案：ddabd四Today,asineveryotherdayoftheyear,morethan3000U.S.adlescentswillsmoketheirfirstcigaretteontheirwaytobecomingregularsmokersasadults.Duringtheirlifetime,itcanbeexpectedthatofthese

3000about23willbemurdered,30willdieintrafficaccidents,andnearly750willbekilledbyasmoking-relateddisease.Thenumberofdeathsattributedtocigarettesmokingoutweithtsallotherfactors,whethervoluntaryorinvoluntary,asacauseofdeath.Sincethelate1970s,whendailysmokingamonghighschoolseniorsreached30precent,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclined.Whilethedeclineisimpressive,severalimportantissuesmustberaised.First,inthepastseveralyears,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittle.Second,inthelate1970s,smokingamongmalehighschoolseniorsexceededthatamongfemalebynearly10percent.Thestatisticisreversing.Third,severalrecentstudieshaveindicatehighschooldropoutshaveexcessivelyhighsmokingrates,asmuchas75percent.Finally,thouthsignificantdeclinesinadolescentsmokinghaveoccurredinthepastdecade,nodefinitereasonsforthedeclineexist.Withinthiscontext,theNaionalCancerInstiute(NCI)beganitscurrentefforttodeterminethemosteffecivemeasurestoreducesmokingleveslamongyouth. Accordingtotheauthor,thedeathsamongyoutharemainlycausedby .trafficaccidentssmoking-relateddeseasemurderallofthese Everydaythereareoverhighschoolstrdentswhowillbecomeregularsmoker.a.75b.23c.30d.3000 By"dropout"theauthormeans.studentswhofailedtheexaminationstudentswholeftschoolstudentswholosttheirwaystudentswhoweredrivenoutofschool Thereasonfordecliningadolescentsmokingisthat .NCIhastakeneffectivemeasuressmokingispreventedamonghighschoolseniorstherearemanysmokerswhohavediedofcancernoneofthese Whatisimpliedbutnotstatedbytheauthoristhat .a.b.c.a.b.c.d.五therearenowmorefemalethanmalesmokersamonghighschoolseniorshighsmokingratesareduetotheinceaseinwealthbdbdbsmokingathighschoolarefromlowsocio-economicbackgrounds答案:bdbdbThefoodweeatseemstohaveprofoundeffectsonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadeenormousstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofallhumanillnessesarerelatedtodietandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell,especiallycancerofthecolon.Differentculturesaremorelikelytocausecertaindifferentillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessis

ntoanewdiscovery.In1945,about35yearsago,governmentresearchersrealizedthatnitrates,commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfoodadditivies,causedcancer.Yet,thesecarcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood,anditbecomesmoredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsonthepackaginglabelsofprocessedfoodarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintobeefandlivinganimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkoftreatedcow.Sometimessimilardrugsaregiventoanimalsnotformedicalpurposes,butforfinancialreasons.Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertoobtainahigherpriceonthemarket.AlthoughtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hastriedrepeatedlytocontroltheseprocedures,thepracticescontinue.Whatisthebestpossibletitleofthepassage?DrugandFoodCancerandHealthFoodandHealthHealthandDrugWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTture?DrugsarealwaysgiventoanimalsformedicalreasonsSomeoftheadditivesinourfoodareaddedtothefooditselfandsomearegiventothelivinganimalsResearchershaveknownaboutthepotentialdangersoffoodadditivesforoverthirty-fiveyears.Foodmaycausefortypercentofcancerinworld.Howhassciencedonesomethingharmfultomankind?Becauseofscience,diseasescausedbypollutedfoodhavenbeenvirtuallyeliminated.Ithascausedalackofinformationconcerningthevalueoffood.Becauseoftheapplicationofscience,somepotentiallyharmfulsubstanceshavebeenaddedtofood.Thescientistshavepreservedthecolorofmeats,butnotofvegetables.Whatarenitratesusedfor?Theypreserveflavorinpackagedfoods.Theypreservethecolorofmeats.Theyaretheobjectsofresearch.Theycausetheanimalstobecomefatter. Theword'carcinogenic'mostnearlymeans''.a.b.a.b.c.d.money-makingcacbdcancer-causing答案:cacbdWhatisyourfavouritecolour?Doyoulikeyellow,orange,red?Ifyoudo,youmustbeanoptimist,aleader,anactivepersonwhoenjoyslife,peopleandexcitement.Doyouprefergreysandblues?Thenyouareprobablyquiet,shy,andyouwouldratherfollowthanlead.Youtendtobeapessimist.Atleast,thisiswhatpsychologiststellus,andtheyshouldknow,becausetheyhavebeenseriouslystudyingthemeaningofcolourspreference,aswellastheeffectthatcolourshaveonhumanbeings.Theytellsus,

amongotherfacts,thatwedonotchooseourfavouriteclouraswegrowupwearebornwithourpreference.Ifyouhappentolovebrown,youdidso,assoonasyouopenedyoureyes,oratleastassoonasyoucouldseeclearly.Coloursdoinfluenceourmoods thereisnodoubtaboutit.Ayellowroommakesmostpeoplefeelmorecheerfulandmorerelaxedthanadarkgreenone;andareddressbringswarmthandcheertothesaddestwinterday.Ontheotherhand,blackisdepressing.AblackbridgeovertheThamesRiver,nearLondon,usedtobethesceneofmoresuicidesthananyotherbridgeintheareauntilitwasrepaintergreen.Thenumberofsuicideattemptsimmediatelyfellsharply;perhapsitwouldhavefallenevenmoreifthebridgehadbeendoneinpinkorbabyblue.Lightandbrightcoloursmakepeoplenotonlyhppierbutmoreactive.Itisanestablishedfactthatfactoryworkersworkbetter,harder,andhavefeweraccidentswhentheirmachinesarepaintedorangeratherthanblackorgrey. "Youwouldratherfollowthanred"means.youdon'tliketofollowothersyouwouldbeamemberratherthanaleaderyouwouldbeafraidoffollowingothersyouwouldliketobealeaderratherthanafollowerfoneenjoyslife,oneissuretoprefer .redtoyellowbluetoorangeredtogreybluetoyellow "Theytellus,amongotherfacts,thatwedon'tchooseourfavouritecoloursaswegrowup.""Amongotherfacts"means.besidesotherfactsinregardtootherfactsnotconsideringotherfactsaccordingtootherfactsWhichofthefollowingisfacts?People'spreferenceofonecolourtoanotherisinstinctPeople'spreferenceofonecolourtoanotherisacquiredastheygrowup.Morepeoplehappentolovebrownbecausetheysawsomethingbrownwhentheywerebornd.Colourshavelittleinfluenceonourmoods ThosewhocommittedsuicidepreferredthebridgeovertheThamesRivernearlondontoothersbecauseof.its shapeits structureits colouritsbuildingmaterials答案：十二答案：十二bcaacSocialcustomsandwaysofbehavingchange.Thingswhichwereconsideredimpolitemanyyearsagoarenowacceptable.Justafewyearsago,itwasconsideredimpolitebehaviourforamantosmokeonstreet.Nomanwhothoughtofhimselfbysmokingwhenaladywasinaroom.

Customsalsodifferfromcountrytocountry.Doesamanwalkontheleftortherightofawomaninyourcountry?Ordoesn'titmatter?Shouldyouusebothhandswhenyouareeating?Shouldleaveoneinyourlap,oronthetable?TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalsosharealargenumberofsocialcustoms.Forexample,inbothAmericaandEnglandpeopleshakehandswhentheymeeteachotherforthefirsttime.Also,mostEnglishmenwillopenadoorforawonmanoroffertheirseattoawoman,andsowillmostAmericans.PromptnessisimportantbothinEnglandandinAmerica.Thatis,ifadinnerinvitationisfor7o'clock,thedinnerguesteitherarrivesclosetothattimeorcallsuptoexplainhisdelay.Theimportantthingtorememberaboutsocialcustomsisnottodoanythingthatmightmakeotherpeoplefeeluncomfortable especiallyiftheyareyourguests.Whenthefoodwasserved,oneoftheguestsstratedtoeathispeaswithaknife.Theotherguestswereamusedorshocked,butthehostcalmlypickeduphisknifeandbeganeatinginthesameway.Itwouldhavebeenbadmannerstomakehisguestfeelfoolishoruncomfortable.1.Ifonehasacceptedadinnerinvitation,whatshouldhedoifheistobelateforthedinner?HeshouldfindanexcuseHeshouldadkforexcuse.HeshouldsaysorryHeshouldtelephonetoexplainhisbeinglate. "Itwouldhavebeenbadmannerstomakehisguestsfeelfoolishoruncomfortable.""Badmanners"means.uglydishonestimpoliteshamefulwhichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttiltleforthispassage?SocialCustomsandCustomsSocialLifeAmericanandBritishCustomsPromptnessIsImportant Accordingtothetext,thebesthosttrieshisbesttomakehisguestsfeelcomfortablemakeshisguestsfeelexcitedtriestoavoidbeingnaughtytohisgueststriestoavoidbeingfoolishTheauthorofthisarticlemayagreewithwhichofthefollowing?TheguestwhoatehispeaswithaknifeTheotherguestswhowereamusedorshockedThehostwhopickeduphisknifeandbeganeatinginthesamewayNoneoftheabove答案：十三答案：十三dcaacNewOrleans,Louisiana,wasestablishedaspartoftheFrenchEmpirein1718.ItslocationontheeastbankoftheMississippiRivergaveitcontroloftheAmericanhinerlandanditbecamestrategicallyimportanttomanynations.ItwastransferredfromFrancetoSpain,returnedto

France,andfinallysoldbyNapoleontotheUnitedStatesin1803.Thecitywasthesiteofafamousbattlefoughtin1815betweentheBritish,whohopedtocontrolit,andtheAmericansunderGeneralAndrewJackson.TheriverbedoftheMississippiisconstantlysiltingandtheriverisnowactuallyhigherthanthecity.Leveesholdbacktheriverandgiantpumpsareusedtomovewaterfromthecityintotheriver.AlthoughNewOrleanshaasbeenapartoftheUnitedStatesforalmosttwocenturies,itspopulationtakesgreatprideinitsFrenchheritage.LouisianastillretainspartsoftheCodeNapoleonwhich,formmanyyears,wasitsonlylaw.NewOrleansiscarefreecityanditboastsitshot,spicyCreoleseafoodanditsnativeDixielandJazz.ThejacksonSquareneighborhoodmaintainsitsFrenchcolonialhomesandinothersectionsarepre-CivilWarmansions.Visitorsaresurprisedtofindthatbehindthisinterestingfacadeofyesteryear,isabusyindustrialandportcity.GrainandcoalcomefromtheMidwestandforeighcargoesareunloadedhere.NewOrleansisnolongerasleepySoutherntown butit'sstillfuntovisit.WhataccountsfortheleveesandpumpsinNewOrleans?TheMississippifrequentlyfloodsthecity.Theriverbedhasraisedinthepast200years.Thetorrentialrainsfloodthecityfrequently.Thehighhumiditycannototherwisebecomtrolled. ThebattleofNewOrleanswasfoughtbyjacksonagainst .FranceBritainSpainTheNorth TheCodeNapoleonwas.anagreementtosellLouisianaabodyoflawsacityplanamilitarycodeforthe armyWhichofthefollowing elementsdoesnotapplytotheattiudeoftheinhabitantsofNewOrleans?PrideintheirFrenchheritage.Adesiretoretainpicturesquecolonialbuildings.ArefusaltoengageintradeandcommerceApraisingofDixielandJazz. TouristsvisitingNewOrleansaresurprisedtoencounter .CreolefoodDixielandjazzbustlingcityauthenticcolonialhomes答案：十四答案：十四bbbccTheUnitedStatesisonthevergeoflosingitsleadingplaceintheworld'stechnology.Sosaysmorethanonestudyinrecentyears.OneofthereasonsforthisdeclineistheparalleldeclineinthenumberofU.S.scientistsandengineers.Since1976,employmentofscientistsandengineersisup85percent.Thistrendisexpectedtocontinue.However,thetrendshowsthatthenumberof22-year-olds--theneartermsourceoffuturePH.D.s-isdeclining.Furtheraddingtotheproblemistheincreasedcompetitionforthesecandidatesfromotherfields-law,medicine,business,etc.WhilethenumberofU.S.PH.D.sinscienceandengineeringdeclines,theawardofPH.D.stoforeignnationalsisincreasingrapidly.OurinabilitytomotivatestudentstopursuescienceandengineeringcareersatthegraduateleveliscompoundedbecauseoftheintensedemandindustryhasforbrightBachelor'sandMaster'sdegreeholders.Toooften,promisingPH.D.candidates,confrontingthecostandfinancialsacrificeofpursuingtheireducation,findtheattractionofindustryirresistible. TheU.S.willcometoloseitsleadingplaceintechnologyprobablybecause .thenumberofPH.D.degreeholdersisdecliningthenumberofscientistsandengineersisdecreasingthenumberof22-year-ildsisdecliningscientistsandengineersarenotemployed Thefieldofscienceandengineeringisfacingacompetitionfrom .technologyforeignnationalssuchfieldsaslaw,medicineandbusinesspostgraduates Large-scaleenterprisesnowneed.brightgraduatesandpostgraduatesnewinventionsadvancedtechnologyengineers ManypromisingpostgraduatesareunwillingtopursueaPH.D.degreebecause .theyarenotencouragedtobeengagedinscienceindustrydoesnotrequirePH.D.holderstheyhavefinancialdifficultiestheywillspendmuchtimeandenergycompletingPH.D. PH.D.candidates"findtheattractionofindustryirresistible"meansthat .theyfindindustryisattractingmoreandmorecollegestudentstheydon'tthinktheycanpreventthemselvesfromworkingforindustrytheycannotresistanyattractionfromallsidestheycannotworkforindustryanylonger答案：bcadb十五Newdays,astandardformeasuringpowerhaschanged.Thesechangesforetellanewstandardformeasuringpower.Nolongerwillanation'spoliticalinfluencebebasedsolelyonthestrengthofitsmilitary