2020上海長寧、嘉定、金山高三英語一模試卷附答案□.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.AGratefulPatientItookajobasareceptionistforavet(獸醫(yī))almostfivedecadesago.Asanenthusiasticanimallover,Iacceptedthepositiononthecondition(21)Uwouldn,thavetoassistwithanywoundedanimals.Ididn,thavethecourage(22)(watch)anycreatureinpain.Attheendofmyfirstweek,wewereclosingtheofficefortheday(23)ayoungmanranuptousholdingaseverelyinjuredDobermanpuppy(杜賓幼犬)inhisarmsandbeggingustosavehislife.Thefour-month-oldpuppyhadbeenhitbyacar.ThedoctorandIranbackintotheoperatingroom.Theonlyplace(24)theskinwasstillattachedtohispoorlittlebodywasaroundoneshoulder.Thevetworkedtirelesslyforwhatseemedlikehours,(25)(sew)himbacktogetheragain.Thatwastheeasypart.Thepuppyhadbrokenmultiplebones,includinghisback.(26)hesurvivedthenextfewdays,wewerequitesurehewouldneverwalkagain.Thedayforeverchangedmylife.Ibecamethevet,sassistantinallthingsmedical.OneofmyfirstjobswastogivethatDobermanpuppydailyphysicaltherapy.Weekswentbyuntilonedayhefinallyrecovered.Fast-forwardaboutayear.Iwalkedintotheclinic,s(27)(crowed)waitingroomandcalledthenameofthenextclient.Suddenly,ahugeDobermanrantowardme.Ifound(28)pinnedagainstthewallwiththismagnificentdogstandingonhisbacklegs,hisfrontpaws(爪子)onmyshoulders,washingmyfacewithplentifulandjoyfulkisses!Istilltearupinamazement(29)thedisplayofloveandgratitudethedoghadformethatdayallthoseyearsago.Iwentontobeavettechnicianfor14years,andsinceretirement,Ihavevolunteeredatano-killanimalshelter.InallthetimethathaspassedandalltheexperiencesIhavehad,I,venevermetadogwhodidn,tknowthatit(30)(rescue)inonewayoranother.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.achievementB.capturedC.championedD.convenientlyE.distractF.executiveG.manageableH.memorableI.publicizingJ.reluctantlyK.revealMarketingtheMoonAnastronaut,alittlehopandawittyquote:NeilArmstrong'sfirstlunar(月球的)footstepisdeep-rootedinthemindsofallhumankind.Butthatfirstmoonlandingmightnothavebeensucha(n)__31__momentifitweren,tforNASA,scleverPR(PublicRelations)team.RichardJurekisamarketing__32__andco-authorofthebookmarketingtheMoon:TheSellingoftheApolloLunarProgram.HesaysNASA,smovetorealtime,opencommunicationmadethe1969Apollo11landing“thefirstpositiveviraleventthat__33__theworld,sattention.”BeforeNASAwasestablishedin1958,rocketswerethemilitary,sterritory;thatsecretivenesscarriedoverintothespaceagency,searlydays.Atfirst,NASAfolloweda“fireinthetail”rule,only 34arocket,slaunchwhenitwassuccessfullyintheair.Butastheagencyevolved,itstartedannouncingmoredetailsabouttheApolloprogram.It35itsastronauts,talkedopenlyaboutmissiongoalsandchallenges,andsharedlaunchtimessopeoplecouldwatch.“Ifithadbeenrunlikeitwasunderthemilitary,”Jureksays,“wewouldnothavehadthatsenseofdrama,thatsenseofinvolvement,thatsenseofwonder,that36.“Instead,allthePRandpresspromotionintheyearsaheadofApollo11broughtthehumanspaceflightprogramintopeople,slivingroomsandimaginations.Asthedramaneareditspeak,NASA,sPRofficialspushedforliveTVbroadcastsofthefirsthumanstowalkonthemoon.Noteveryonethoughtitwasagoodidea.Thetechnologyforlivelunarbroadcasts,andcamerassmallenoughtokeepthecargo37,didn'texistatthepoint.Someengineersworriedthatdevelopingthatequipmentwould38fromeffortstoachievethelandingitself.ButNASA,scommunicationsteamarguedthattellingthestorywasasvitalasthe39itself.LiveTVwouldbringtheAmericanpeople--andinternationalviewers-alongfortheride.Comelandingday,which40fellonaSunday,morethanhalfabillionpeopleworldwidecrowdedaroundTVsandradiosforthehistoricmoment.“Wewereabletocometogetheranddosomethingthatwasexcitingandinterestingandbroughttheworldtogether,“saysDavidMeermanScott,marketingstrategistandco-authorofMarketingtheMoon.“Idon,tknowthatwe,vedoneanythinglikethatsince.”□.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Ancientcreatureslikelyevolvedthestressresponsetobetterescapefromhunters.Buttodayitscausesincludetraffic,deadlinesandfirstdates.Accordingtoa2018AmericanPsychologicalAssociationsurveyofmorethan3,000people,thetop 41arework,money,theeconomyandhealth.Althougheveryonefacesstress,peoplereacttoit42.“There,sthesituation,howwe43thesituation,andthenourskillsathandlingthesituation,”sayspsychologistWilliamLovallooftheUniversityofOklahoma.44experienceshelpusassessappropriateresponses,somostpeopleimprovewithage.“Ahighschoolstudentoracollegestudentmightnothavethose45skillsandmightletasituationgetoutofhand,”headds.Most46havenormalstressresponses,regulatedtogivetherightburstofhormones（激素）andbodilychangesforaparticularstressor.Butothersalwaysovei-orunder-react,whichmaybeawarningsignforphysicalormental47.Tostudythis,scientistsoftenmonitorcortisol（皮質(zhì)醇）orheartratevariationsthroughoutthedayandduringtryingtasks.48,theintensityoftheseresponsesseemstobesetfromayoungage.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewhoexperiencedchildhoodhardships--includingphysicalpunishmentanda（n）49home--aremorelikelytohavequietstressreactionsasadults.Forexample,aspartofastudypublishedin2012,Lovalloexposed354participantstomoderatestress.Peoplewhoself-reportedearly-life50actuallyhadlowerheartratesandcortisollevelsthanotherparticipants.Whilethestudytaskswerenotimportant,theindividuals,under-reactionssuggesttheirstressresponsemayalsohavetrouble51whenitreallymatters.Itcanbejustas52asanextremeresponse.Otherresearchhasfoundlinksbetweenchildhoodconflict,abnormallylowadultstressandsubstancemisuse.Thoughthebiologyisnotfullyunderstood,it,ssuggestedthatearly-lifeneglectorsuffering53thebody,sstresspathways.Evenbeforebirth,achildcan54parentalstress.Thephenomenoniswell-demonstratedinratsandmice,andsomepapershaveshownthesameassociation55.Forexample,babiesborntomotherswhosurvivedthe9/11attacksallhadhowcortisollevels.41.A.stressorsB.responsesC.secretesD.concerns42.A.appropriatelyB.differentlyC.normallyD.mentally43.A.improveB.influenceC.describeD.evaluate44.A.ValuableB.ProfessionalC.PreviousD.Constant45.A.copingB.livingC.learningD.acting46.A.adultsB.researchersC.studentsD.monitors47.A.functionsB.disordersC.variationsD.abilities48.A.BythewayB.InsomecasesC.OnthecontraryD.Asaresult49.A.independentB.distinguishedC.unstableD.extended50.A.educationB.experienceC.involvementD.difficulty51.A.racingupB.showingupC.takingupD.keepingup52.A.impressiveB.insignificantC.positiveD.unhealthy53.A.smoothsB.followsC.dullsD.destroys54.A.endureB.relieveC.increaseD.inherit55.A.betweenanimalsB.inhumansC.withsocietyD.ofimportanceSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Iliveinasecond-floorflatwithanancienttreerightonthecornerofthehouse.Houseandtreehavebeenhere,sidebyside,forwelloveracentury.Noonereallyknowshowoldthetreeis,butitwasalreadytherewhenbuildersstartedonthehouseatthebeginningofthe1900s.Itwasstillratheryoungandflexiblebackthen,soiteasilywelcomedthenewstructureintoitspath.itbentandadjusteditselftomakeroom,andtofindthespacetogrowbigandstrongandwise.Whichmeansthatsomehundredyearslater,thesolid,strongbranchesofthetreereacharoundtwofullsidesofmyhome.It,scoveredinmass(苔蘚),whichis,inturn,crawlingwithallsortsofinseets.Ihaveneverseentheinsects,bytheway,Ijustknowthatthey,retherebecauseofallthebirdstryingtopickthemout.Theyarealwayshoppingaround,lookingforthisandthatandsingingsongs.IfeellikeIhavebecomepartoftheecosystem.WhenI'meatingbreakfastormakingdinnerinthekitchen,Icanlookoutandseeabirdhoppingaroundskillfully,gatheringitsownmealwhileItendtomine.WhenI,msittinginthelivingroom,readingordrinkingtea,Icansuddenlyfindmyselffacetofacewithanotherbird.We,llbestaringateachotherand,aftersometime,decidewecanbothcarryonwithourbusiness.Livingsidebyside.EvenasIwritethis--thelargewindowsopentoalovely,softevening--awhitefeathercomesfloatingdownbymyside.Probablyfromoneoftheresidentpigeons.AsIdon,thavetheluxuryofagarden,thistreemakesmefellconnectedtotheoutdoors.Suchanancienttree,atreethatisitselfhometomanyothercreatures--thatfeelsdifferent.Itisasifithasadoptedmeandmademeapartofitsworld,withouteveraskingforsomethinginreturn.Butifneedsbe,IknowthatitcancountonmeandIwillprotectitwithallmystrength.Theflatthatauthorlivesinis.A.builtinanancienttreeB.huggedbyagianttreeC.decoratedwithbranchesD.surroundedbyagardenIntheauthor,sdescription,sheimpliesthat.A.birdskeepherwarmcompanyB.shehasbeenlivingontreeproductsC.mossmakesherflatniceandcoolD.shehasbeenbotheredbytheinsectsWhatdoestheauthorreallytreasure?A.Aclose-to-naturelife.B.Aluxuriousgarden.C.Aspacioushouse.D.Asociableneighbor.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtoexpresstheauthor,sfeeling?A.Jealous.B.Inferior.C.Content.D.Passionate.(B)TheSleepofYourDreamsAccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,athirdofusdon,tgetnearlyenoughshut-eye.Ourcollectivetirednesshaspromoteda$41billionmarketfordevicespromisingmore--andhigher-quality--sleep.Inmyeverlastingsearchfordowntime,Itestedsomeofthemostpromisingones.Here,showtheystackedup.Eightsleeptracker$299Thismattress(床墊)topperfitsunderasheetand“turnsanybedintoasmartbed,”accordingtoEight.WhileIslept,thesensor-decoratedpadgathereddatalikeheartrate,periodsofdeepestsleep,andnumberofturns.Itwaseasytouse,andIlikedthewarmingfeature,whichletmeseteachsideofthebedtoadifferenttemperature.REMScore:8(outof10)Dream-padpillow$149andupTheDream-padusessmoothsoundscapestohelpyoupowerdown.ConnectthedevicetoyourphoneviaBluetoothorUSB,andthepillowemitssoftmusic,audibleonlytoyouasyoulayyourheaddown.Therearetentracksonoffer.Ididn,tdriftoffanyfasterwiththeDream-pad,butitdidhelpmefallbackasleepwhenIwokeupatnight.REMScore:6SmartNoraWirelessSnoringSolution$299Myeight-hourrestfulhappinessisfrequentlyinterruptedbymyhusband'ssnoring.TheSmartNorarelievesmeoftheneedtopushhim.Whenthebedsideaudiosensordetectsabreathingdisturbance,itslowlyblowsuptheoffender,spillow,gentlyNightingaleSmartHomeSleepSystem$149TheNightingaleishi-tech.Twoapp-enabledunitswraptheroominablanketofwarmsound.Youcanalsoprogramthesystemtoprovideweatherandtrafficinformationwhenyouwakeup.Theonlydownside:instandbymode,itemitsafaintshiftingthemintoafreer-breathingposition.noise.MyhusbandsometimeswokeupbrieflybutREMScore:9wassoonasleepagain.REMScore:8 *REM:rapideyemovement(describesaperiodofsleepduringwhichyoudreamandyoureyesmakesmallmovements)By“howtheystackedup”inparagraph1,theauthorprobablymeans“howthey.”A.makesensetomanufacturers B.getstuckinstoresC.arecomparedwitheachother D.arepileduptogether.Whichofthefollowingdevicesfavourablyreactstousers?Dream-padpillowB.EightsleeptrackerC.SmartNoraWirelessSnoringSolutionD.NightingaleSmartHomeSleepSystem62.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.TheEightkeepstheentirebedatthesametemperature.TheNightingaleisaneconomicalbutperfectdevice.Softmusicisappliedtoallthesefourdevices.Oneinthreepeoplesufferfromsleepproblem.(C)Anepidemicistheoccurrenceofadiseasewhichaffectsaverylargenumberofpeoplelivinginanareaandwhichspreadsquicklytootherpeople.Likeinfectiousdiseases,ideasintheacademicworldarespreadable.Butwaysometravelfarandwidewhileequallygoodonesremaininrelativeinsignificancehasbeenamystery.Nowateamofcomputerscientistshasusedanepidemiologicalmodeltoimitatehowideasmovefromoneacademicinstitutiontoanother.Themodelshowedthatideasoriginatingatfamousinstitutionscausedbigger“epidemics”thanequallygoodideasfromlesswell-knownplaces,explainsAllisonMorgan,acomputerscientistattheUniversityofColoradoBoulderandleadauthorofthenewstudy.“Thisimpliesthatwhereanideaisbornshapeshowfaritspreads,holdingthequalityoftheideaconstant."saysseniorauthorAaronClauset,alsoatBoulder.Notonlyisthisunfair--“itrevealsabigweaknessinhowwe,redoingscience,”saysSimonDeDeo,aprofessorofsocialanddecisionsciencesatCarnegieMellonUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Therearemanyhighlytrainedpeoplewithgoodideaswhodonotendupattopinstitutions.“Theyareproducinggoodideas,andweknowthoseideasaregettinglost,”DeDeosays.“Ourscience,ourscholarship,isnotasgoodbecauseofthis.”TheColoradoresearchersanalyzedanexistingdatasetofcomputersciencedepartmenthiresinNorthAmerica,aswellasadatabaseofpublicationsbythesehires.Firsttheylookedathowfivebigideasincomputersciencespreadtonewinstitutions.Theyfoundthathiringanewmemberaccountedforthismovementalittlemorethanathirdofthetime--andin81percentofthosecases,transferstookplacefromhigher-tolower-statusuniversities.Thentheteamimitatedthebroadcastingofideasusinganinfectiousdiseasemodelandfoundthatthesizeofanidea“epidemic”(asmeasuredbythenumberofinstitutionsthatpublishedstudiesonanideaafteritoriginated)dependedonthestatusoftheoriginatinginstitution.ThefindingswerepublishedonlinelastOctoberinEPJDataScience.Theresearchers,modelsuggeststhatthere“maybeanumberofquitegoodideasthatoriginateinthemiddleofthepack,intermsofuniversities,”Clausetsays.DeDeoagrees.Thereisalotofgoodworkcomingoutoflessfamousplaces,hesays:“Youcanlearnahugeamountfromit,andyoucanlearnthingsthatotherpeopledon,tknowbecausethey,renotevenpayingattention.”Theword“this”inparagraph2referstothefactthat.thetimewhengoodideaswereborndecideshowfartheymayspreadthequalityoftheoriginalideastendstobenoteasytomaintaingoodideasfromlessimportantinstitutionslackinfluencescholarsininsignificantinstitutionsconsidertheirideasvaluelessThecaseofsomehiresinparagraph3isusedtoindicate.thestatisticstheepidemologicalmodelprovidesfortheresearcherswhytheoriginatinginstitutionstransfertheirnewfindingshowtheycarrytheideasfromlower-tohigher-statusinstitutionsthewaythemovementsofsomenewideashappenandtheireffectsResearcherssuchasClausetareverymuchconcernedabout.losingquiteanumberofgreatandcreativethoughtsmissingtheopportunitiesofgettingmorewell-knownmisusingtheepidemiologicalmodelinscientificresearchareashavingdifficultyinfindingmorepropersciencedepartmenthiresWhichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?InfectiousDiseasesB.OriginalIdeasC.IdeaEpidemicD.EpidemiologicalModelSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Sowetrytopushbackthetideandkeepupbymulti-tasking.Nowonderpeoplesaythey,retoobusytoseefriends,exerciseorsleep.Woulditsurpriseyoutohearthatwehavemoreleisuretimetodaythanever?Howcanwelearntospendtimeinawaythat,smorelikelytoleadtohappinessandsuccess?It,ssomethingthateconomisthavebeenpuzzlingoverandthey,veidentifiedseveralreasons.Thenyouwillhavefeweremptyexperiencesandfarorethatareworthyofyourprecioustime.TheFullnessofTimeMostofusthinkwehaveverylittletime,butthetruthisweactuallyhavealot-onaverage,fivehours49minuteseachday,whichmeanswetypicallyhavesomewherebetween36and40hoursavailabletobespenteveryweekhoweverwewant.Sowhydon'twefeeltime-rich? 67 Oneisthatweearnmore,sotimefeelsmoreexpensive.Thenthere,sthewaywe,vecometoseebusynessasastatussymbol:importantpeoplearebusy,sowewanttobebusy,too.Addtothatthefloodofincomingemailsandtexts,alongwiththeendlessoceanofpossibilities,andit,seasytoseewheretimegoes.Asecondfactoristhecomparisonwemakebetweenwhatwecandoandwhatothersaredoing,makingusanxious.68Thisfoolsusintothinkingwe,rebeingmoreproductivewithourworktime,sowetrytodoitwithourleisuretime,too.Whenwe,replayingwithoutkids,wecheckFacebook.Whenwe,rehangingoutwithonegroupoffriends,wepostpicturestoshowanother.Thisissomethingsociologistscall’pollutedtime’.We,realsoaddictedtoourdevices.In2007,theamountofleisuretimewespentondeviceslikesmart-phonescouldbemeasuredinminutes.Now,wespendonaverage3.5hoursadayonline.69Youmightbewonderingwhyyouneedhelpdecidinghowtospendyourfreetime--afterallyouknowthesortofthingsyouenjoy,sowhatcouldbesodifficult?PsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyihasasurprisingopiniononit.“Thepopularassumptionisthatnoskillsareinvolvedinenjoyingfreetime,anybodycandoit.Yettheevidencesuggeststheopposite;freetimeismoredifficulttoenjoythanwork.”Worryingly,scientistshavefoundthatpeopleareoftennohappierafteraholidaythanifthey,dnevertakenone.70Thequestionstillremainsunsettled..SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Cryptocurrency（加密貨幣）Makingpaymentsonlineisveryeasythesedaysifyouhaveacreditcardorabankcardthatusedapaymentnetwork.Sendingmoneyonlinetoafriend,youhavetouseapaymentservicelikeGooglePayorPayPal,ormakeabanktransfer.However,thereisusuallyasignificantdelaybeforethereceivercanusethemoney,andtransferscanhavesizeablefees.In2008,agroupofpeoplepublishedapaperdescribingaprocessthatwouldusecrypto-graph（密碼學）tocreateasecureelectroniccashsystem,knownasacryptocurrency.Person-to-personpaymentscouldbemadeonlineusingasharednetworkofcomputersinsteadofabankorotherfinancialorganization.Eachtransactioncouldhappenveryquickly.Thesharednetworkofcomputerswouldalsoserveasthemeanstoconfirmthosetransactionssafely.Gettingridoftheneedforacentralizedbankingsystemwouldopenupthepossibilityforanyonetobecomepartofthedigitaleconomy.Today,thereareoverathousanddifferentcryptocurrencies.MostarestilltryingtobevalidglobalpaymentsystemslikeBitcoin.Theyareheldbackbyproblemsaffectingtheentirecryptocurrencyindustry.Oneissueisweaksecurityoncryptocurrencywebsiteswhereuserseitherstoretheirelectroniccash.Thewebsitesarestrugglingtoprotecttheirusersfromsuchthefts.AnotherproblemisthelargenumberoffalsecryptocurrenciesadvertisedontheInternet.TheadvertisementsinviteInternetuserstovisitwebsitesofferingnewcryptocurrencies.Manyvisitorsarepersuadedtobuytheircryptocurrenciesusingactualmoney.