/12/12/ReadingforWriting[學(xué)范文·通技法]——它山之石，可以攻玉范文詮釋[教材原文]TheDailyNewsTSUNAMIHITSASIA：OVER6，500DEADByRobertWoodhouseMonday,27December2004Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday,countries.Fishermen，500peopleinIndonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,andatleastfourothercountries.Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewaves9.0.Thebythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9.0.Theunderseaquakestruckaround7：00a．m.,Island.InfthewestcoastofIndonesia'sSumatraIsland.Inthatareaalone,atleast1，870peoplewerekilled.InSriLanka,some1，600kilometreswestofthequakecentre,thenumberofdeathsstoodat2，498,andonemillionmorewereaffectedbythetsunami,governmentofficialssaid.Indianofficialssaidasmanyas1，900hadbeenkilledalongthesoutherncoast.Another254werefounddeadinThailandand54inthreeothercountries.InsouthernThailand,1，900peoplewerehurtandmanymoreweremissing,localofficialssaid.“Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.Wehadtoleaveeverythingandruntosafety，”saidChandraTheeravit,alocalThaiwoman.Thousandsofpeoplearestillmissing,andthenumberofdeathsisexpectedtogrowevenhigheroverthenextfewdays.Foreignaidisbeingorganisedforthetsunami-hitcountries.However,dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.[名師論道][學(xué)語(yǔ)言]第一段1.本段第二句中用“sweep”一詞要比使用“wash”更合適，形象地表達(dá)出了海浪造成破壞的嚴(yán)重程度。2.本段第一句中使用了that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句(thatcrashedintocoastlines...)，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)(killingmorethan6，500people...)；第二句使用了過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)(causedbythestrongearthquake...)以及that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句(thatreachedamagnitude...)，這些高級(jí)句式的運(yùn)用使得文章精彩紛呈。第二、三段1.文中第三段第一句中用“Thousandsof”一詞表達(dá)了海嘯危害的人數(shù)之多。2.第二、三段主要使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；bedoing...when,make＋it＋形容詞＋todosth等高級(jí)句式彰顯了較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言功底。[學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)]第一段主要從總體上介紹了海嘯發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及破壞程度，各句之間銜接緊湊，邏輯清晰。第二、三段主要運(yùn)用and,however等銜接詞從細(xì)節(jié)方面詳細(xì)介紹了海嘯造成的破壞。寫(xiě)作技法一、題型特點(diǎn)概要寫(xiě)作是一種要求閱讀和寫(xiě)作并重的英語(yǔ)高考新題型，有準(zhǔn)確性、完整性、概括性、客觀性、個(gè)體性等特點(diǎn)。概要寫(xiě)作提供一篇350詞以?xún)?nèi)的短文，要求考生在對(duì)原文閱讀后根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。概要所用語(yǔ)句既要用詞準(zhǔn)確、結(jié)構(gòu)合理、語(yǔ)意連貫、不得抄寫(xiě)原文，又要完全概括出文章的中心大意。二、注意事項(xiàng)1.詞數(shù)限制在60詞左右，上下限不得超出10個(gè)單詞。2.要根據(jù)文章的體裁特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行概要寫(xiě)作。3.人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)要與所給文章中的人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，但必要時(shí)也可變換成第三人稱(chēng)。4.寫(xiě)作時(shí)盡可能地使用復(fù)合句，必要時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換詞性，不得完全照搬、照抄原文。三、寫(xiě)作步驟第一步：歸納主旨大意(含段落大意)概要寫(xiě)作的第一步便是通讀全文，進(jìn)而提取主旨大意，即有關(guān)文章的主要內(nèi)容或作者在該文中的觀點(diǎn)或主張。閱讀語(yǔ)篇時(shí)，根據(jù)不同文體的文章可采取以下方法：記敘文圈出記敘文的六要素(who、when、where、what、how、why)；如果是夾敘夾議文，還要寫(xiě)出故事給讀者帶來(lái)的啟示或寓意說(shuō)明文找出文章要說(shuō)明的對(duì)象、觀點(diǎn)或建議議論文提取議論文的三要素(論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論)第二步：提煉關(guān)鍵詞匯1.細(xì)讀各個(gè)段落，找出關(guān)鍵詞，區(qū)別段落中哪些是mainideas，哪些是supportingideas,examples和additionalinformation。通常是在與文章主旨相關(guān)的句子中提煉關(guān)鍵詞。正確找出關(guān)鍵詞匯是概要寫(xiě)作最重要的前提和保障。2.不要包括過(guò)多詳細(xì)的信息、細(xì)節(jié)性的信息，如數(shù)字、舉例等不必一一列出。第三步：合并和改寫(xiě)1.合并信息首先需要對(duì)信息進(jìn)行分類(lèi)、整合，找到信息之間的聯(lián)系，再將聯(lián)系緊密的信息合并在一起。同一層級(jí)的主旨句不宜合并在一起，但如果聯(lián)系緊密，且沒(méi)有支持的細(xì)節(jié)信息，可以考慮合并。2.在核心信息的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式的改寫(xiě)，對(duì)原文的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式盡可能實(shí)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模地改變(改詞、換句型)。第四步：核查成文核查連貫性，優(yōu)先考慮使用最短連接詞(but,then,later,finally,besides,thus,therefore,yet);核查標(biāo)點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法；核查詞數(shù)，并最終連句成文。[仿佳作·找差距]——巧借外力，事半功倍[題目要求]閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Yourhungerdoesn'tnecessarilymeanyouarereallyhungry.Itisanimportantsignofwhatishappeninginyourbody—physically,emotionallyandmentally.Soundsstrange?Itistrueandhereinthisarticleweshalldiscusscertainthingsthatyourhungeristryingtotellyou.Whenyoufeelhungry,trytofigureoutifyouarereallyhungry.Sometimeswhenyouthinkthatyouarehungry,youmightbethirsty.Itispossiblethatyouhavebeendehydrated(脫水)foralongtimeandyourbodyissendingasignalthroughyourhunger.Soinsteadofeating,goforwaterandquenchyourthirstattheearliest.Ifyoufeelhungryallthetime,itcouldmeanthatyouaredepriving(剝奪)yourselfofcertainfoodsandhencethebodyiscravingforthese.Ifyouareonastrictdiet,thengoforfoodsandlegumesrichinproteinalongwithcomplexcarbohydrates(碳水化合物)likequinoaandbrownricethatwilltakeyoualongtimetodigestandwillkeepyoufullforalongperiodoftime.Youmightgethungryforacertainkindoffoodonlyattimes.Thisisbecauseyoubecomeemotionalaboutcertainfoods.Forexample,ifyouarehappyandcelebratingyouranniversary,youmightenduphavingadesireforthecakethatyoubroughttocelebratethespecialoccasion.Thisiscalledemotionaleating.Sometimesyourhungermightmeanthatyouneedtotakeabreak.Whenyouendupworkingatastretch,andyoudonotrealisethatyourbodyneedsrest,youcanendupfeelinghungryasitisawayyourbodyistellingyoutobreakfreefromwork.Sometimeswhenyouareboredorstressedout,youmightfeelhungry.Itisthebody'swayoftellingyouthatyouneedachangeofscene.Goout,takeawalk,talktoyourdearestfriendorsimplytakesomedeepbreaths.Evenafterthis,ifyoufeelhungry,doeat.[仿寫(xiě)步驟]Step1歸納主旨大意主旨大意：文章主要介紹了饑餓的五個(gè)信號(hào)。這些信號(hào)產(chǎn)生的時(shí)候我們不一定是真的餓了，可能是你的身體有別的需求。文章結(jié)構(gòu)：Paragraph1：Thingsyourhungeristryingtotellyoueq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(Paragraph2：youmightbethirsty,Paragraph3：youarelackingincertainfoods,Paragraph4：youbecomeemotionalabout,certainfoods,Paragraph5：youneedtotakeabreak,Paragraph6：youareboredorstressedout))Step2提煉關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph1：1．Yourhungerdoesn'tnecessarilymeanyouarereallyhungry.2．Weshalldiscusscertainthingsthatyourhungeristryingtotellyou.Paragraph2：3．Sometimeswhenyouthinkthatyouarehungry,youmightbethirsty．Paragraph3：4．Ifyoufeelhungryallthetime,itcouldmeanthatyouaredeprivingyourselfofcertainfoodsandhencethebodyiscravingforthese.Paragraph4：5．Youmightgethungryforacertainkindoffoodonlyattimes.6．Thisiscalledemotionaleating．Paragraph5：7．Yourhungermightmeanthatyouneedtotakeabreak．Paragraph6：8．Sometimeswhenyouareboredorstressedout,youmightfeelhungry．Step3合并和改寫(xiě)1．要點(diǎn)1和2合并：Yourhungerdoesn'tnecessarilymeanyouarereallyhungry.However,itistryingtotellyouotherthings.改寫(xiě)：Manyfactorscanexplainwhyyourhungerdoesn'tnecessarilymeanyouarereallyhungry.2．要點(diǎn)3和4合并：Beingthirstyorhavingadesireforcertainfoodsmaymakeyoufeelhungry.改寫(xiě)：Whenyouarethirstyorhavingadesireforacertainfood,youwillfeelhungry．3．要點(diǎn)5和6合并：Sometimes,youmightgethungryforacertainkindoffood,whichiscalledemotionaleating.改寫(xiě)：Youmightbehungrywhenyoubecomeemotionalaboutcertainfoodsonsomespecialoccasions.4．要點(diǎn)7和8合并：Otherfactors,suchaslackofrestorbeingboredorstressedout,makeyoufeelhungry.改寫(xiě)：Lackofrestorfeelingboredorstressedoutcanalsoleadtoyourhunger．Step4核查成文核查連貫性，優(yōu)先考慮使用最短連接詞；核查標(biāo)點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法；核查詞數(shù)并最終連接成文。Manyfactorscanexplainwhyyourhungerdoesn'tnecessarilymeanyouarereallyhungry.(要點(diǎn)1)First,whenyouarethirstyorhavingadesireforacertainfood,youwillfeelhungry.(要點(diǎn)2)Besides,youmightbehungrywhenyoubecomeemotionalaboutcertainfoodsonsomespecialoccasions.(要點(diǎn)3)Moreover,lackofrestorfeelingstressedoutcanalsoleadtoyourhunger.(要點(diǎn)4)1．crashvt.&vi.碰撞；撞擊n．撞車(chē)；碰撞(教材p.54)Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday...昨天，40年來(lái)最為強(qiáng)烈的地震引發(fā)海嘯，重創(chuàng)亞洲沿海地帶。crashinto/onto... 撞到……里/上withacrash 轟隆一聲[佳句]Alotofpassengerswerekilledinthetraincrash.許多旅客在火車(chē)相撞事故中喪生了。[練透]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thecarcrashedontoabigstoneandburstintoflames.②Thetreefellwithagreatcrashallofasudden.[寫(xiě)美]補(bǔ)全句子③Aplanecrashedyesterdayonthemountainnearthecity.昨天一架飛機(jī)在城市附近的山上墜毀了。2．waven．海浪；波浪；揮手vi.&vt.揮手；招手(教材p.54)Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9.0.漁民、游客、旅館、住房和汽車(chē)都被9.0級(jí)強(qiáng)震引發(fā)的巨浪卷走。wavegoodbyetosb 向某人揮手告別eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(waveto/atsb,givesbawave)) 向某人揮手[佳句]Sherefusedtheofferwithawaveofherhand.她擺擺手拒絕了這一提議。[練透]單句語(yǔ)法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Thepolicemanwavedthedrivertostop(stop).②Iwavedgoodbyetohim,butheignoredme.我向他揮手告別，但他不理我。[寫(xiě)美]一句多譯③公共汽車(chē)開(kāi)走時(shí)，他向我們揮了揮手?！鶫ewavedto/atusasthebusdroveoff.(wavev．)→Hegaveusawaveasthebusdroveoff.(waven．)3．strikevi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵襲；突擊；擊打；突然想到n.罷工；罷課；襲擊(教材p.54)Theunderseaquakestruckaround7：00a．m.,SundayoffthewestcoastofIndonesia'sSumatraIsland.海底地震在周日上午7時(shí)許在印度尼西亞蘇門(mén)答臘島西岸附近海域爆發(fā)。(1)bestruckby... 被……打動(dòng)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(sthstrikessb,Itstrikessbthat/how/wh-...)) 某人突然想起……(2)be/goonstrike 舉行罷工[佳句]Alltheinternationalstudentsweredeeplystruckbymyintroduction.所有的國(guó)際學(xué)生都被我的介紹深深地迷住了。[練透]寫(xiě)出下列句子中strike的詞性及含義①ThevisitorswerestruckbythebeautyoftheWestLake. vt.迷住②Thatareawasstruckbyasnowstorm. vt.侵襲③Theywereonstrikeforhigherpays. n.罷工[寫(xiě)美]一句多譯④我忽然想到我告訴他們的電話號(hào)碼是錯(cuò)的。→ItstruckmethatthephonenumberIhadtoldthemwaswrong.(strike)→ItoccurredtomethatthephonenumberIhadtoldthemwaswrong.(occur)→IthitmethatthephonenumberIhadtoldthemwaswrong.(hit)4．delivervt.&vi.遞送；傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表(教材p.54)However,dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.然而，由于條件險(xiǎn)惡和道路受損，食物運(yùn)送和物質(zhì)補(bǔ)給將非常困難。(1)deliversth(tosb) (給某人)遞送/傳送某物(2)deliveraspeech 發(fā)表演講/致辭eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(bedeliveredofababy,givebirthtoababy)) 生孩子deliverababy 接生[佳句]Thenursedeliveredthetwinssafelylastnight.昨天晚上那位護(hù)士安全地接生了一對(duì)孿生兒。[練透]單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)twasveryconsiderateofyoutodelivermilktoourdooreverymorning.②Iwonderwhyyourefusedtodeliver(deliver)myletterstomyhomelastweek.[寫(xiě)美]補(bǔ)全句子③Hedeliveredtheopeningspeechattheopeningceremonyofthe2018WorldCup.他在2018年世界杯的開(kāi)幕式上致了開(kāi)幕詞。5．(教材p.55)effectn．影響；結(jié)果；效果(1)haveaneffecton/upon 對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響comeintoeffect 生效sideeffect 副作用(2)effectiveadj. 有效的；有影響的[佳句]Whileonlineshoppinghaschangedourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.盡管網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活，但并不是所有的影響都是積極的。[練透]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Themeasurestakenbythelocalgovernmentwillcomeintoeffectnextmonth.②Inmyopinion,gooutdoorsandplayteamgameswithyourfriends,whichisaneffective(effect)waytogetridofanger.[寫(xiě)美]補(bǔ)全句子③Thereisnodoubtthatreadingbookscanhaveagoodeffectonthechildren．不可否認(rèn)，讀書(shū)會(huì)對(duì)兒童有良好的影響。1．句型公式：bedoingsthwhen...正在做某事這時(shí)……(教材p.54)Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.我和三個(gè)孩子正在吃早飯，這時(shí)海水開(kāi)始灌入屋內(nèi)。when在此處是并列連詞，表示“正在那時(shí)，這時(shí)”，常用句型有：bedoingsthwhen...正在做某事這時(shí)……beabouttodosthwhen...＝beonthepointofdoingsthwhen...正要做某事，這時(shí)……h(huán)adjustdonesthwhen...剛做過(guò)某事這時(shí)……[佳句]LastMonday,IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsuddenlysawanoldmanfalloffhisbicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，這時(shí)突然看到一位老人從自行車(chē)上摔了下來(lái)。[練透]補(bǔ)全句子①Shewaswalkingalongthebankoftheriverwhensheheardacryforhelp.她正沿著河岸走，這時(shí)她聽(tīng)到呼救聲。②Ihadjustturnedonthecomputerwhenmyparentscameback.我剛剛打開(kāi)電腦，這時(shí)我父母回來(lái)了。[寫(xiě)美]句型轉(zhuǎn)換③Seatedintheclassroom,IwasonthepointoftakingmybooksoutwhensuddenlyIbecamefrozen.→Seatedintheclassroom,IwasabouttotakemybooksoutwhensuddenlyIbecamefrozen.2．句型公式：make＋it＋形容詞/名詞(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))＋todo/that從句(教材p.54)However,dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.然而，由于條件險(xiǎn)惡和道路受損，食物運(yùn)送和物資補(bǔ)給將非常困難。(1)make＋it＋形容詞/名詞＋不定式/that從句，it為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)為后面的不定式或that從句。find、feel、think、take等動(dòng)詞也有這樣的用法。(2)make＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是名詞、形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不帶to的不定式等。[佳句]Tomakeiteasytogetintouchwithus,you'dbetterkeepthiscardathand.為了容易與我們聯(lián)系，你最好將這張卡放在手邊。[練透]單句語(yǔ)法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Thepolicemadethenaughtyguystand(stand)againstthewall.②Themanspokeloudlytomakehimselfheard(hear).③Ifinditishardtorememberthesewordsinashorttime.→Ifindithardtorememberthesewordsinashorttime.(it作形式賓語(yǔ))[寫(xiě)美]補(bǔ)全句子④ImustmakeitclearthatIwillmakeeveryefforttowinthemedal.我必須表明，我會(huì)盡全力贏得獎(jiǎng)牌。[點(diǎn)津]當(dāng)“make＋賓語(yǔ)＋dosth”變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to要加上。維度一：品句填詞1．Herbeautystruck(打動(dòng))himdeeplyandhedecidedtomarryher.2．Thereisasummary(總結(jié))attheendofeachchapter.3．Severalhourslater，thelittleboywasrescuedwiththeaid/help(幫助)ofthepolice.4．Theyaskedthelittleboytosweep(打掃)theroomclean.5．Thereweresomanygoodson11Novemberandittookalongtimetodeliver(遞送)them.6．Thedriverlostcontrolofthecarbyaccidentandcrashed(碰，撞)intoatree.7．Itisveryimportanttokeepcalmwhenanearthquakebreaksout.8．Inthecarcrashyesterday,onlyoneofthefivepeoplesurvived．維度二：?jiǎn)尉湔Z(yǔ)法填空1．Although