PeriodThreeGrammar&Writing情態(tài)動詞主要用以表明說話者的情感、態(tài)度和語氣。情態(tài)動詞不能單獨作謂語，只能和實義動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，且情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。一、shall的用法shall用在主語為第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示說話者給對方的允諾、告誡、威脅、命令、規(guī)定或必然性等。Don'tworry.Youshallgetthedictionarythisafternoon.別著急，今天下午你一定會得到這本辭典。(允諾)Youshallsufferforthis.你會為此事吃苦頭的。(告誡)Personsunder18shallnotbeemployed.不滿十八歲的人不得被雇用。(規(guī)定)二、will的用法1．表示意愿或決心。Iwillpayyouattherateyouask.我愿意照你要求的價錢付款。2．表示征求意見或提出請求。主要用于第二人稱為主語的疑問句中。Willyoupleaseposttheletterforme?請幫我寄了這封信好嗎？三、would的用法1．表示意愿或決心。would是will的過去式，表示過去的意愿或決心。SheaskedifIwouldgowiththem.她問我是否愿同他們一起去。2．表示過去的習(xí)慣LastyearourEnglishteacherwouldtellusstoriesinEnglishafterclass.去年我們的英語老師下課后總是用英語給我們講故事。辨析：would與usedto的區(qū)別would＋動詞原形表示過去的習(xí)慣，不涉及現(xiàn)在，不知道現(xiàn)在是否還做usedto＋動詞原形表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作，與現(xiàn)在對比，強調(diào)現(xiàn)在不做了Whenhewasyoung，hewouldsmokealot.他年輕時，總是吸很多煙。(現(xiàn)在可能吸，也可能不吸了)Whenhewasyoung，heusedtosmokealot.他年輕時，總是吸很多煙。(現(xiàn)在不吸了)四、情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法構(gòu)成用法can(could)/may(might)/must＋do表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)頎顟B(tài)的推測can(could)/may(might)/must＋bedoing表示對正在發(fā)生的事情的推測can(could)/may(might)/must＋havedone表示對過去狀態(tài)的推測或與事實相反的虛擬語氣Thelightinhisroomisstillon.Hemustbeathome.他房間的燈還亮著，他一定在家里。Iguesshemustbereadinginthelibrary.我猜他一定在圖書館里讀書。Thegroundiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.地是濕的，昨天晚上肯定下雨了。注意：can(could)表示推測，常用于否定句和疑問句中。Hecan'tbeathome—Isawhiminthesupermarketjustnow.他不可能在家——我剛才在超市看見他了。Someoneisknockingatthedoor—whocanitbe?有人敲門——可能會是誰呢？五、should/oughtto/couldhavedone與should/oughtto/coulddo的區(qū)別形式用法should/oughttohavedone表示本來應(yīng)該做而沒有做某事couldhavedone表示本來能做而沒有做某事should/oughttodo表示應(yīng)該做某事，一般指還沒有發(fā)生coulddo表示過去的能力Youshouldhavedoneyourhomeworklastnight，butyouwenttothecinemawithyourfriends.昨天晚上你本應(yīng)該做作業(yè)，但你和你的朋友去看電影了。Icouldhavehelpedyou，butIwastoobusythen.我本可以幫助你的，但那時我太忙了。Yououghttostudyhardfromnowon.從現(xiàn)在起，你應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。ShecouldspeakEnglishwhenshewasthreeyearsold.她三歲時就會說英語。INCLUDEPICTURE彩.TIF"即時跟蹤用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空1.Whenweworkedinthesameoffice，wewouldoftenhavecoffeetogether.2.Look！Tomistoosleepytowork.HemusthavestayedupwatchingTVlastnight.3.Youshalldieifyoudiscloseallthestatesecretstotheforeigners.4.Ishouldhavehelpedhimwhenhewasintrouble，butIwasawayatthattime.5.Englishisalanguagethatmanypeoplearoundtheworldmaynotspeakperfectlybutcanatleastunderstand.Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空1．Georgecan'thavegonetoofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.(2016·浙江)2．Itwasreallyannoying；Icouldn'tgetaccesstothedatabankyouhadrecommended.(2016·天津)3．Ilovetheweekend，becauseIneedn'tgetupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.(2016·北京)4．YoumustbeCarol.Youhaven'tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.(2015·重慶)5．Youmustbecarefulwiththecamera.Itcosts！(2015·四川)6．Youmayfeelallthetrainingawasteoftime，butI'mahundredpercentsurelateryou'llbegratefulyoudidit.(2015·陜西)7．—Sorry，Mum！Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh，it'stoobad.Youshouldhavemadefullpreparations.(2015·福建)8．Itwassonoisythatwecouldn'thearourselvesspeak.(2015·浙江)9．Ineedn'thaveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool，formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.(2015·天津)10．CanIhaveawordwithyou？Itwon'ttakelong.(2014·北京)11．AlthoughyoucanfindbargainsinLondon，it'snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.(2014·大綱全國)12．Itwassadtomethatthey，sopoorthemselves，shouldbringmefood.(2014·江蘇)Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1．Meanwhile，IfoundoutthatwithmorepatienceIeq\f(must,could/might)makemytoyslast.2．Mom，thoughImayeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(not))oftensayit，Idoloveyou.3．Ihavebeenpractisingforthreeweeksnow，butIstilleq\f(couldn't,can't)getusedtoit—infact，I'venearlykilledthreepeople.文體指導(dǎo)本模塊的寫作任務(wù)是要求學(xué)生寫一首英文詩，這種體裁在高考中出現(xiàn)的可能性較小。但是可以給出一首英文詩，然后根據(jù)詩的內(nèi)容寫一篇詩評或鑒賞。這樣既有新意，又能考查學(xué)生的寫作能力。詩歌評論屬于夾敘夾議型文章，通常分為三部分：對詩歌內(nèi)容的陳述，讀詩歌后自己的感受以及對詩歌進行評價。要求仔細閱讀，對詩歌原文體現(xiàn)的主旨有良好的把握，以此掌握詩歌的靈魂，能體會詩歌表達的深層意義，而不是羅列詩歌原句。一首好的詩歌，必有動人之處。因此，描寫自己的感受時，不要涉及全篇，要抓住某一點特別打動自己的內(nèi)容抒發(fā)自己的感想。評價詩歌要言簡意賅，寫出精彩，不要拖沓冗長，重復(fù)表述。常用句式1．Thisisapoemwrittenby...這是一首由……創(chuàng)作的詩歌。2．Thepoem，whoseauthoris...，showsthedeepestfeelingson...……寫的這首詩表達了對……的深深的情意。3．Writtenby...，thepoemgivesusavividpictureof...由……創(chuàng)作，這首詩向我們展示了一幅……的生動畫面。4．Weareshownthat...我們從詩中可以看到……5．Thepoemtouchesmedeeply.這首詩深深地觸動了我。6．Obviously，thepoemaimstoshow...顯然，這首詩想展示……7．Criticssinghighpraiseforthepoem.評論家們對這首詩評價很高。8．Itisthoughthighlyofbymanypeople.很多人對此高度贊揚。寫作任務(wù)根據(jù)下面這首英語詩歌，按要求寫一篇英語短文。APoemofanIraqiChildMumistearing.Dad，wheredidyougo?Iamscaredfromhearttosoul.MumandIneededyousomuch.Butwhathappened？PeoplesaythatIamtooyoungtoknow.Iheardtheterriblesoundandsmelledthesmoke.Dad，comeback.Butwhathappened？Idon'tknow.MumandIloveyousomuch.Dad，wheredidyougo?Shesaysyouwillbeback.MumandImissedyousomuch.Withgoodnewsandhope.寫作內(nèi)容：1．簡述小詩內(nèi)容；2．簡單談?wù)勀銉?nèi)心的感受；3．從欣賞的角度談?wù)勀銓@首詩的看法。注意：1.可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮想象；2．詞數(shù)100左右。審題謀篇第一步明確要求這篇寫作要求寫一篇詩評，大致可以分為以下幾個步驟：1．簡述詩歌的基本內(nèi)容。首先要很好的把握原文主旨，掌握詩歌的靈魂。2．寫出自己的感受。抓住某一亮點，抒發(fā)自己的情懷。3．評價詩歌的意義或作用。這一部分只是稍作點評即可，無需過多發(fā)揮。第二步詞匯熱身1．在交戰(zhàn)beatwar2．遭受戰(zhàn)爭苦難sufferalotfromthewar3．直入主題tothepoint4．渴望longfor5．盼望，期待lookforwardto第三步句式升級1．伊拉克人正遭受戰(zhàn)爭苦難。(一般表達)Iraqipeoplearesufferingalotfromthewar.(句式升級)Iraq，wherepeoplearesufferingalot，isatwar.(定語從句)2．他們渴望和平。(一般表達)Theywanttohavepeace.(句式升級)Theyarelongingforpeace.(高級詞匯)3．盡管這首詩的描寫簡單，直入主題，但是詩歌的含義很豐富。(一般表達)Althoughthedescriptionissimpleandtothepoint，themeaningofthepoemisrich.(句式升級)Simpleandtothepointasthedescriptionis，thepoemisrichinmeaning.(as引導(dǎo)狀語從句)4．他們相信勝利屬于他們，并且渴望那一天的到來。(一般表達)Theybelievevictorywillbelongtothemandtheyarelookingforwardtotheday.(句式升級)Theyholdthebeliefthatvictorywillbelongtothemandtheyarelookingforwardtotheday.(belief短語)連句成篇ThisisapoemwrittenbyanIraqichild.WeareshownthatIraqisatwarandtheboy'sfatherhasgonetothebattlefieldforfreedom.Iraq，wherepeoplearesufferingalot，isatwar.Theyarelongingforpeace.Toasmallchildwarseemsmeaningless，butFatherandfamilymeanmuchtohim.Thepoemtouchesmedeeply.Oneobviousmeaningofthepoemishowmuchpeacemeanstoacountryanditspeople.Simpleandtothepointasthedescriptionis，thepoemisrichinmeaning.Theyhavetobeseparatedatthemoment，buttheystillhavehopeintheirmind.Theyholdthebeliefthatvictorywillbelongtothemandtheyarelookingforwardtotheday.Ⅰ.單元語法A)單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1．Whenhewasalittleboy，heusedtoeq\f(swimming,swim)intherivernearby.2．Ididn'tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Sheeq\f(mustn't,can't)haveattendedthemeeting.3．—Daddy，canyoubuymeanewMP5whenyougotoBeijing?—Youeq\f(will,shall)getoneifyouareadmittedtoakeymiddleschool.4．Shetoldhimheoughtnoteq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))doit.5．Ifyoueq\f(may,must)go，atleastwaittilltherainstops.B)完成句子6．這些花死了，你應(yīng)該給它們多澆一點水的。Theseflowershavedied.Youshouldhavewateredthemwithmorewater.7．他一定是通過考試了，因為他很開心。Hemusthavepassedtheexam，forheisveryhappy.8．他一定沒有收到短信，否則他就給我打電話了。Hecan'thavereceivedthetextmessage，otherwisehewouldhavecalledme.9．——班長去哪兒了？——不知道。他可能去圖書館了吧?！猈hereisthemonitor?—Idon'tknow.Hemighthavegonetothelibrary.10．你本不必告訴我這個消息，我已經(jīng)知道了。Youneedn'thavetoldmethenews.Ihavealreadyknownit.Ⅱ.閱讀理解AFilmmakerJenniferNelsonhadtopay1,500tohaveHappyBirthdaytoYousunginthemovieshe'smaking.ThemoneywenttoWarnerMusicGroup，acompanythatclaimstoownthecopyrightonthesong.Acopyrightisthelegalrighttouseorsellacreativeproductsuchasasong，aTVshow，abook，oraworkofart.WarnerhasclaimedthecopyrightforHappyBirthdaytoYousince1988.“Ineverthoughtthesongwasownedbyanyone，”Nelsonsaidinane-mailtoTheNewYorkTimes.“Ithoughtitbelongedtoeveryone.”Nelson'smovieisadocumentary—afilmthatusespicturesand/orinterviewswithpeopletocreateafactualreportofreal-lifeevents—andisactuallyaboutthehistoryoftheHappyBirthdaysongitself.TwosistersnamedMildredandPattyHillwroteasongcalledGoodMorningtoAllin1893.Overashortperiodoftime，peoplebegantosingthewords“happybirthdaytoyou”inplaceoftheoriginallyricstothetuneoftheHillsisters'song.AnumberofhistoryexpertssaythatthereisnorecordofwhoactuallywrotetheHappyBirthdaytoYoulyrics.HistoriansalsosaythereisnowaytoknowwhenthegeneralpublicbegansingingtheHappyBirthdaysong，buttheybelieveitwasbeingsungbythepubliclongbeforeitwasprintedandownedbyacompany.Nelson'slawyerssaythispieceofmusic'shistoryprovesthatHappyBirthdaytoYoubelongstoeveryoneinthegeneralpublic.ThatwouldmeanWarnerMusicGrouphasnorighttochargeanyoneafeetosingthesonginanysetting.ExpertsestimatethatWarner/Chappell，thepublishingdivisionoftheWarnerMusicGroup，hasmadeabout2millionayearfromlicensingfeesforHappyBirthdaytoYou.Nelson'slawyersareaskingacourtinNewYorkCitytoorderWarner/ChappelltoreturnfeestheyhavecollectedoverthepastfouryearsforuseoftheHappy11．JenniferNelsonhadtopayWarnerMusicGroupto.A．ownthecopyrightonasongB．haveasongsunginhermovieC．haveitplayasonginhermovieD．haveitwriteasongforhermovie答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一、二句“FilmmakerJenniferNelsonhadtopay1,500tohaveHappyBirthdaytoYoumaking.Thehemovieshe'smaking.ThemoneywenttoWarnerMusicGroup，acompanythatclaimstoownthecopyrightonthesong.”可知JenniferNelson付費給WarnerMusicGroup是為了在她的電影當(dāng)中使用一首歌。故選B。12．Thehistoryexperts'statementcanprovethattheHappyBirthdaysong.A．hasalwaysbeenverypopularB．hasmorethan200-yearhistoryC．doesnotbelongtoWarnerMusicGroupD．wasinitiallyownedbyanothercompany答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第五段描述可知，歷史專家們的聲明能證明HappyBirthday這首歌不屬于WarnerMusicGroup。故選C。13．IfthecourtsupportsNelson'slawyers'claims，.A．Warnerwillreturnabout8millionB．shecanobtainthecopyrightonthesongC．WarnerwillhavetopayherforherdamagesD．sheonlyneedstopayalittlemoneytousethesong答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中關(guān)鍵句“...hasmadeaboutfees...onayearfromlicensingfees...”和最后一段中關(guān)鍵句“...returnfeestheyhavecollectedoverthepastfouryears...”計算可知，如果法庭支持Nelson的律師的要求，則華納要歸還800萬美元。故選A。BWhitmanwasoneofthemostoriginalandinspiringAmericanpoets，wellknownforhisartandhisroleasapoet.HedevotedhimselftopoetrypraisingthenativeAmericanexperience.AsAmerica'sfirstepicpoem，LeavesofGrassrannineeditionswithmorethan400poemsallwritteninfreeforms，thatis，poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme.Thetideimpliesrebirth，renewal，orgreenlife.AsWhitmanoncesaid，“LeavesofGrasswastheoutcroppingofmyownemotionalandotherpersonalnature—anattempt，fromfirsttolast，toputaperson，ahumanbeingfreely，fullyandtrulyonrecord.”ForWhitman，science，democracy(民主)andspirituality(靈性)werethethreethingsthatunderlaythestructureofmodernpoetry.Whitmantriedtocombinetheworldofscience，thedemocracyandthespiritualfeelingoflifeintoone，intohispoetry.ForWhitman，thepoeticformshouldbefree.Therefore，hethrewasidethetraditionalformandhadhisownform.Boththeformandcontentofhispoemsarerevolutionary.Withitsfrequentuseoforallanguageandeverydayevents，hispoemrepresentedaturningpointinthehistoryofAmericanpoetry—poetryfashionedoutofspeciallyAmericanexperienceinaclearlyAmericanidiom.Whitman'suniquepoeticcreationhasdevelopedaverysignificanttraditioninAmericanpoetry.Inhispoems，hecelebratednewAmericaratherthanregrettedit.Hewasagainstslavery，idolized(崇拜)Lincoln，supportedstrikes，andcombinedtheidealofthecommonpeopleandthatoftheraggedindividual.14．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Whitmancalledonotherstowritepoemslikehim.B．WhitmanpraisedthenativerichAmericans.C．WhitmanwrotepoemstotellaboutthenativeAmerican.D．Hewantedtobecomeagreatpoet.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“HedevotedhimselftopoetrypraisingthenativeAmericanexperience.”可知C項正確。15．inWhitman'spoems.A．TherearefixedbeatandregularrhymeschemeB．Wecouldseerebirth，renewalorgreenlifeC．Wecouldonlyseescience，warsanddamageD．Therearenotemotionalnature答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“Thetideimpliesrebirth，renewal，orgreenlife.”可知B項正確。16．Whatdoesthephrase“theraggedindividual”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Therichpeople. B．Thepoorpeople.C．Thepoemwriters. D．TheAmericanlawyers.答案B解析詞義猜測題。ragged意為“衣衫襤褸的”，可知theraggedindividual是指“窮苦的人們”。17．Whitmaninventedhisownpoemform.A．bygivingupthetraditionalformB．withoutcolloquiallanguageC．bytellingEnglishhistoryD．a(chǎn)gainstpoeticcreation答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。通過第二段第三、四句“ForWhitman，thepoeticformshouldbefree.Therefore，hethrewasidethetraditionalformandhadhisownform.”可知A項正確。Ⅲ.語法填空Assistant：Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?Customer：Yeah.I'dliketorentacarforthreedays.Assistant：Okay.Letmechecktosee18.if/whetherwehaveoneavailable.Hmm，wehaveacoupleofeconomyandfull-sizecarsavailable.Customer：Well，whatisthemain19.difference(different)betweenthesecars?Assistant：Themaindifferenceisthesize.Theeconomycaristhe20.smallest(small)，anditholdsfewerpeopleandlessluggage.Howmanypeoplearewith21.you(your)?Customer：Justmeandmyson.Assistant：Well，theeconomycarwouldwork.Wehaveonerightoverthere.Customer：Where？Thatone?Itlooksmore22.likeashoeboxtome.I'mreallytall.Assistant：Well，ifyouneed23.more(much)room，Irecommendthefull-sizecar.ItalsohasaniceCDplayer，safetydoorlocks，powerlocksandwindows.Customer：Well，I'mnotsoconcernedabouthowit24.isequipped(equip)．Ijustwanttomakesureitiscomfortable25.todrive(drive)．Andwhatisthedailyrate26.forthat?Assistant：Well，let'sseehere.Oh，yeah.It'llcome27.to50aⅣ.短文改錯OnedayIwokeupandsmelledfire.Igotbackandranoutoftheapartmentimmediate.OutsideIseeawomaninthesecond-floorwindowholdingoutanewbornbaby.Heaskedmetocatch.Withoutsecondthought，Irushedoverandheldoutmyarms.AfterIknewit，thebabyhadlandedinmyarms.Iwassomuchhappythatitwasfine.Themotherhadtojumpoutofthewindow，either.Later，shethankedmeforsaveherbaby.Itfeltgreatlytobeagoodneighbor.答案OnedayIwokeupandsmelled