此篇適合：政治類（同WWII三巨頭聯(lián)系）、歷史類（同WWII聯(lián)系）、國際類、社會類、行為類、抽象類題目

相距比較遠，需要引申的范圍：教育（關(guān)于GI教育立法引申）、科技

這里插播一段：

例子要找精良的，一個例子就可以cover掉近六成題目才叫爽快，而且例子要深挖，永遠注意一點——深度>廣度>>泛度。

文章邏輯的貫穿，不僅僅要通過ideas，如果做得好，一個素材的不同角度不同層面也可以完成烘托一個topic。如果怕這樣會被認為知識面單一，就太吹毛求疵了，總共六百余字，你寫的再多也不過四五個淺淺的例子。AW看的是analytical，logical。rater想要的是一個acceptableinsight。

0810G備考之初我就做過18個黃金素材，每個都可以適用于六成以上的題目，每個素材都可以獨立支撐起一篇文章，同時還可以18個之間環(huán)環(huán)相扣。

在這里分享給大家?guī)讉€淘汰下來的（0910G我也要考，需要自我保護一下啦~不過考完之后會悉數(shù)奉送）

TheAmericanG.I.

Fromdisparaterootsbutunitedbypatrioticcourage,U.S.soldierspreservedfreedomaroundtheworld

ByCOLINPOWELL

DubiousInfluences:Century'sVillainsandAntiheroes

FiveCaptivatingRomances:WhenLoveWastheAdventure

Monday,June14,1999

AsChairmanoftheJointChiefsofStaff,Ireferredtothemenandwomenofthearmedforcesas"G.I.s."Itgotmeintroublewithsomeofmycolleaguesatthetime.Severalyearsearlier,theArmyhadofficiallyexcisedthetermasanunfavorablecharacterizationderivedfromthedesignation"governmentissue."SailorsandMarineswantedtobeknownassailorsandMarines.Airmen,notwithstandingtheiroriginsasariboftheArmy,wishedtobecalledsimplyairmen.Collectively,theywereblandlyreferredtoas"servicemembers."

IpersistedinusingG.I.sandfoundIwasingoodcompany.Newspapersandtelevisionshowsuseditallthetime.ThemostfamousandsuccessfulgovernmenteducationprogramwasknownastheG.I.Bill,anditstillusesthattitleforanewergenerationofveterans.Whenyouaddedoneofthemostcommonboy'snamestoit,yougotG.I.Joe,andthenameofthemostpopularboy'stoyever,theG.I.Joeactionfigure（這就是為什么我們要用GI而不是解放軍，要以彼之道還施彼身，用能同鬼子的內(nèi)心產(chǎn)生共鳴的例子去吸引他們。同樣是用例子，在保證了可以明晰闡述本段的point之后，我們要做的就是力所能及得使例子更簡潔，更能被rater接受，同時也要通過例子去抓住rater的好感）.Andlet'snotforgetG.I.Jane.

G.I.isaWorldWarIItermthattwogenerationslatercontinuestoconjureupthewarmestandproudestmemoriesofanoblewarthatpittedpuregoodagainstpureevil—andgoodtriumphed（這句話不錯的很，滿足了鬼子的虛榮，同時展示了GI的正面必要特征）.ThevictorsinthatwarweretheAmericanG.I.s,theWilliesandJoes,thefarmerfromIowaandthesteelworkerfromPittsburghwhosteppedoffalandingcraftintothehellofOmahaBeach.TheG.I.wasthewisecrackingkidMarinefromBrooklynwhoclawedhiswayupadeadlyhillonaPacificisland.HewasablackfighterpilotescortingwhitebomberpilotsoverItalyandGermany,provingthatskincolorhadnothingtodowithskillorcourage.HewasanativeJapanese-Americaninfantrymanreleasedfromhisowncountry'sconcentrationcamptojointhefight.Shewasanurserelievingtheagonyofadyingteenager.Hewasapettyofficerstandingontheedgeofaheavingaircraftcarrierwithtwosignalpaddlesinhishands,helpingguideadive-bomberpilotbackontothedeck.（橙色這段不是例子，但是其描述語言非常值得我們記住）

TheywereAmerica.Theyreflectedourdiverseorigins.TheyweretheembodimentoftheAmericanspiritofcourageanddedication.Theyweretrulya"people'sarmy,"goingforthonacrusadetosavedemocracyandfreedom,todefeattyrants,tosaveoppressedpeoplesandtomaketheirfamiliesproudofthem（i'mnotheretojudge,但是人家確實是這樣想的。大家換位思考一下，如果一個人跟你聊天想讓你給他出謀劃策如何裝飾布置家里，有兩種方式：夸你家布置的多么多么精巧有品位，做飯的時候廚房收拾的干干凈凈；或者天天說你不疊被子想從你身上找些反面素材。哪一個你更喜歡呢？persuasion和negotiation的一個重要技巧就是得到對方信任，爭取對方好感。有了好感之后，說啥啥簡單。）.TheywerethePrivateRyans,andtheystoodfirminthethinredline(大兵ryan都上了，這個是基于familiar例子之上的另一個層次，也就是引用rater非常熟知的意識形態(tài)。再用聊天做比喻，如果聊天的時候一直在說——"我跟你說啊，這個你不懂的"好呢？還是這樣說——"看這個，比如就像你XX時候做的XX事一樣，其實很類似的，只要看清本質(zhì)，你沒有問題的！").

FormostofthoseG.I.s,WorldWarIIwastheadventureoftheirlifetime.Nothingtheywouldeverdointhefuturewouldmatchtheirexperiencesasthewarriorsofdemocracy,savingtheworldfromitsowninsanity.YoucanstillseethemineveryFourthofJulycolorguard,theirgaitfalteringbuteverproud.

Theirforebearswentbyothernames:doughboys,Yanks,buffalosoldiers,JohnnyReb,RoughRiders.But"G.I."willbeforeverlodgedintheconsciousnessofournationtoapplytothemall.TheG.I.carriedthevaluesystemoftheAmericanpeople(注意，analyticalwriting要走academic路線，要適當cheerupraters，但是要有度，過猶不及).TheG.I.swerethesurestguaranteeofAmerica'scommitment.Formorethan200years,theyansweredthecalltofightthenation'sbattles.Theyneverwentforthasmercenariesontheroadtoconquest.Theywentforthasreluctantwarriors,ascitizensoldiers.

Theywereasgentleinvictoryastheywereviciousinbattle.I'vehadsurvivorsofNaziconcentrationcampstellmeofthejoytheyexperiencedastheG.I.sliberatedthem:Americahadarrived!I'vehadawealthyJapanesebusinessmancomeintomyofficeandtellmewhatitwaslikeforhimasachildin1945toawaitthearrivalofthedreadedAmericanbeasts,andinsteadmeetasmilingG.I.whogavehimaHersheybar.Inthanks,thebusinessmanwasdonatingalargesumofmoneytotheUSO.Afterthankinghim,IgavehimasasouveniraHersheybarIhadautographed.Hetookitandbegantocry.

The20thcenturycanbecalledmanythings,butitwasmostcertainlyacenturyofwar（這個做例子的頭一句要比"hereisaexample"給人更多的閱讀愉悅感吧）.TheAmericanG.I.shelpeddefeatfascismandcommunism（單從這個，就可以開辟引申出WWII全圖，政治、歷史、社會類topic一網(wǎng)打盡）.TheycamehomeintriumphfromtheferociousbattlefieldsofWorldWarsIandII.InKoreaandVietnam（名詞列舉，很累，因為要記住很多，但是如果定向去記憶，撐死超不過50個詞。不過有一點，列舉的時候一定要找蓋棺定論的。）theyfoughtjustasbravelyasanyoftheirpredecessors,butnotriumphantreceptionsawaitedthemathome（默默無聞的付出？想沒想起那個forgottengroups的ISSUE題目？）.TheysoldieredonthroughthetwilightstrugglesofthecoldwarandshowedwhattheywerecapableofinDesertStorm.TheAmericanpeopletookthemintotheirheartsagain.

InthiscenturyhundredsofthousandsofG.I.sdiedtobringtothebeginningofthe21stcenturythevictoryofdemocracyastheascendantpoliticalsystemonthefaceoftheearth.TheG.I.swerewillingtotravelfarawayandgivetheirlives,ifnecessary（sopretty的一個插入語）,tosecuretherightsandfreedomsofothers.Onlyanationsuchasours,basedonafirmmoralfoundation,couldmakesucharequestofitscitizens（nojudge，他們就是這么"自信"，我們要鄙視么?可以，不過考試的時候，可以適當利用一下）.AndtheG.I.swantednothingmorethantogetthejobdoneandthenreturnhomesafely.Alltheyaskedforinrepaymentfromthosetheyfreedwastheopportunitytohelpthembecomepartoftheworldofdemocracy--andjustenoughlandtoburytheirfallencomrades,beneathsimplewhitecrossesandStarsofDavid（注意這個StarsofDavid，此句一出，效果相當明顯的，雖然咱們不清楚是咋回事，但是鬼子一看到之后，腦袋里就會映現(xiàn)出來的）.

ThevolunteerG.I.softodaystandwatchinKorea,thePersianGulf,EuropeandthedangerousterrainoftheBalkans.Wemustneverseethemasmerehirelings,offinacornerofoursociety.Theyareourbest,andweowethemourfullsupportandoursincerestthanks（又在煽情，不過對那個forgottengroups的題目來說，做一個倒數(shù)第二段的升華段TS應(yīng)該很pretty吧）.

Asthiscenturycloses,welookbacktoidentifythegreatleadersandpersonalitiesofthepast100years.Wedosoinaworldstilltroubled,butfullofpromise.ThatpromisewasgainedbytheyoungmenandwomenofAmericawhofoughtanddiedforfreedom.Nearthetopofanylistingofthemostimportantpeopleofthe20thcenturymuststand,insingularhonor,theAmericanG.I.GeneralColinPowell,formerChairmanoftheJointChiefsofStaff,isnowchairmanofAmerica'sPromise

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APRooseveltsitsatthesteeringwheelofhisautomobileinApril1939

此篇與上一個是一個素材邏輯體系的兩個層面：大眾Vs.領(lǐng)導、國際Vs.國內(nèi)、全局Vs.細節(jié)

此篇適合（基本全包了）：政治類（同WWII三巨頭聯(lián)系）、歷史類（同WWII聯(lián)系）、國際類、社會類、行為類、抽象類、教育類、科技類

/time/time100/leaders/profile/fdr.html

FranklinDelanoRoosevelt（務(wù)必注意，如果是舉例的話，一定要說是Franklin

Roosevelt，米國有兩個Roosevelt的）

HeliftedtheU.S.outofeconomicdespairandrevolutionizedtheAmericanwayoflife.Thenhehelpedmaketheworldsafefordemocracy

ByARTHURSCHLESINGERJR.

PersonoftheCentury:Runner-Up:FranklinDelanoRoosevelt

BillClinton:FDRWasCaptainCourageous

Intro:OurCentury...andtheNextOne

21stCentury:TheShapeoftheFuture

Monday,April13,1998

"Perhapsnoformofgovernment,"saidLordBryce,"needsgreatleaders（對于題庫敏感的同學看到這個要心跳一下了，很fit。所以，搜集例子之前，要保證對題庫全局足夠的熟悉，我的建議是先看4遍題庫，具體看題庫的方法請看diesinflames組作業(yè)安排對應(yīng)部分）asmuchasdemocracy."Fordemocracyisnotself-executing.Ittakesleadershiptobringdemocracytolife.Greatdemocraticleadersarevisionaries.Theyhaveaninstinctfortheirnation'sfuture,acoursetosteer,aporttoseek.Throughtheircapacityforpersuasion,theywintheconsentoftheirpeopleandcallforthdemocracy'sinnerresources.（這個描述你行嗎？不行就學下去，不過說實在的，看我這個帖子的人太多太多了，如果紙背照搬會會雷同，沒有啥所謂的"俺之抄三分之一或者一半就可以"，引用最合理比喻，所有小概率乘以龐大的國內(nèi)人口基數(shù)都會很大很大，所以記住，抄我的，必定雷同。同時請永遠記住一點，我在所有帖子中，都只會點撥。核心原則是【授人以漁】，學會了如何"釣魚"之后，一定要自己去釣才行）

Democracyhasbeenaroundforabit,butthe20thcenturyhasbeenthecrucialcenturyofitstrial,testingandtriumph.Atthecentury'sstart,democracywasthoughttobespreadingirresistiblyacrosstheworld.ThentheGreatWar,thewarof1914-18,showedthatdemocracycouldnotassurepeace.Postwardisillusionactivateddemocracy'stwodeadlyfoes:fascismandcommunism.SoontheGreatDepressioninthe1930sshowedthatdemocracycouldnotassureprosperityeither,andthetotalitariancreedsgatheredmomentum.（現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟危機有是一次了，可以聯(lián)系起來，這個視角的放大，100年都進去了）

TheSecondWorldWarfounddemocracyfightingforitslife（從而展開政治、歷史類topic）.By1941therewereonlyadozenorsodemocraticstatesleftonearth.Butgreatleadershipemergedintimetorallythedemocraticcause.Futurehistorians,lookingbackatthismostbloodyofcenturies,willverylikelyregardthe32ndPresidentoftheU.S.,FranklinDelanoRoosevelt,astheleadermostresponsibleformobilizingdemocraticenergiesandfaithfirstagainsteconomiccollapseandthenagainstmilitaryterror.

F.D.R.wasthebestlovedandmosthatedAmericanPresidentofthe20thcentury.Hewaslovedbecause,thoughpatricianbybirth,upbringingandstyle,hebelievedinandfoughtforplainpeople—forthe"forgottenman"(andwoman),forthe"thirdofthenation,ill-housed,ill-clad,ill-nourished."（激動沒激動？熟悉不熟悉？和題庫里的多少題目配的上？）Hewaslovedbecauseheradiatedpersonalcharm,joyinhiswork,optimismforthefuture.EvenCharlesdeGaulle,whowellknewRoosevelt'sdisdainforhim,succumbedtothe"glitteringpersonality,"asheputit,of"thatartist,thatseducer.""Meetinghim,"saidWinstonChurchill,"waslikeuncorkingabottleofchampagne."

Buthewashatedtoo—（橙色字的這個文章結(jié)構(gòu)，真的不錯的很）hatedbecausehecalledforchange,andthechangesheproposedreducedthepower,status,incomeandself-esteemofthosewhoprofitedmostfromtheoldorder（OMG,從這里能引出的東西，太多太多了）.Hatredishappilymorefleetingthanlove.Themenwhosatintheirclubsdenouncing"thatmanintheWhiteHouse,"that"traitortohisclass,"havediedoff.TheirchildrenandgrandchildrenmostlyfindtheNewDealreformsfamiliar,benignandbeneficial.

WhenpollsterJohnZogbyrecentlyaskedpeopletoratethecentury'sPresidents,F.D.R.ledthepack,eventhoughonlyseptuagenariansandtheirelderscanrememberhimintheWhiteHouse.HistoriansandpoliticalscientistsareunanimousinplacingF.D.R.withWashingtonandLincolnasourthreegreatestPresidents.

EvenRepublicanshavecometoapplaudthismostsuccessfulofDemocrats.RonaldReaganvotedfourtimesforF.D.R.NewtGingrichcallsF.D.R.thegreatestPresidentofthecentury.BobDolepraisesF.D.R.asan"energeticandinspiringleaderduringthedarkdaysoftheDepression;atough,single-mindedCommanderinChiefduringWorldWarII;andastatesman."

F.D.R.wasnotaperfectman.Intheserviceofhisobjectives,hecouldbe,andoftenwas,devious,guileful,manipulative,evasive,dissembling,underhanded,evenruthless（對于反面我們應(yīng)該如何做呢？請參照我在GI那里說的東西，自己想明白）.Buthehadgreatstrengths.Herelishedpowerandorganized,ordisorganized,hisAdministrationsothatconflictamonghissubordinateswouldensurethatthebigdecisionswouldcometohim.Apoliticiantohisfingertips,herejoicedinpartycombat."I'manoldcampaigner,andIloveagoodfight,"hewouldsay,and"JudgemebytheenemiesIhavemade."Anoptimistwhofoughthisownbravewaybackfrompolio,hebroughtconfidenceandhopetoascaredandstrickennation.

Hewasarealistinmeansbutanidealistinends.Aboveall,F.D.R.stoodforhumanityagainstideology.The20thwasthemostideologicalofcenturies.AdolfHitlerandJosephStalinsystematicallysacrificedmillionstofalseandterribledogmas.Evenwithinthedemocracies,ideologuesbelievedthattheGreatDepressionimposedaneither/orchoice:ifyouabandonlaissez-faire,youarecondemnedtototalstatism."Partialregimentationcannotbemadetowork,"saidHerbertHoover,"andstillmaintainlivedemocraticinstitutions."

Againsttheworshipofabstractions,F.D.R.wantedtofindpracticalwaystohelpdecentmenandwomenstrugglingdaybydaytomakeahappierworldforthemselvesandtheirchildren.Histechniquewas,ashesaid,"bold,persistentexperimentation...Takeamethodandtryit.Ifitfails,admititfranklyandtryanother.Butaboveall,trysomething."Exceptforthepartaboutadmittingfailurefrankly,thatwasthepracticeofhisAdministration（這段里關(guān)于血腥部分的描述，不推薦用，沒什么實際效果，不過其他的還是很好的）.

下面一半是關(guān)于執(zhí)政細節(jié)和depression的，你們自己挑一下試試，練習練習我上面說的東西，挑好之后，可以在本貼后面跟樓，我會給前三名同學的挑選做分析和解答

Whenhecametoofficein1933,laissez-fairehadunderminedthetemplesofcapitalism,thrownaquarterofthelaborforceoutofwork,cutthegrossnationalproductalmostinhalfandprovokedmutteringsofrevolution.Nooneknewwhythingshadgonewrongorhowtosetthemright.Onlycommunistswerehappy,seeingintheGreatDepressiondecisiveproofofKarlMarx'sprophecythatcapitalismwouldbedestroyedbyitsowncontradictions.

ThenF.D.R.appeared,amagnificent,serene,exhilaratingpersonality,buoyantlyembodyingnewideas,newcourage,newconfidenceinAmerica'sabilitytoregaincontroloveritsfuture.HisNewDealswiftlyintroducedmeasuresforsocialprotection,regulationandcontrol.Laissez-faireideologuesandRoosevelthaterscriedthathewasputtingthecountryontheroadtocommunism,theonlyalternativepermittedbytheeither/orcreed.ButRooseveltunderstoodthatSocialSecurity,unemploymentcompensation,publicworks,securitiesregulation,ruralelectrification,farmpricesupports,reciprocal-tradeagreements,minimumwagesandmaximumhours,guaranteesofcollectivebargainingandalltherestweresavingcapitalismfromitself.

"Thetestofourprogress,"hesaidinhissecondInaugural,"isnotwhetherweaddmoretotheabundanceofthosewhohavemuch,itiswhetherweprovideenoughforthosewhohavetoolittle."Thejobsituationimprovedinthe1930s,aidedbytheWorksProgressAdministration,thefamousWPA,withwhichgovernmentasemployeroflastresortbuiltschools,postoffices,airfields,parks,bridges,tunnelsandsewagesystems;protectedtheenvironment;andfosteredthearts.Bythe1940election,theanticapitalistvote,almostamillionin1932,haddwindledto150,000.

TheNewDealneverquitesolvedtheproblemofunemployment.ThoughF.D.R.wasportrayedasaprofligatespender,hislargestpeacetimedeficitwasafeeble$3.6billionin1936—farless,evenwhencorrectedforinflation,thandeficitsroutinelyproduced50yearslaterbyReagan.IttookWorldWarIIandtheDefenseDepartmenttocreatedeficitslargeenoughtowipeoutunemployment,provingthecaseforacompensatoryfiscalpolicy.

BeforeF.D.R.,theU.S.hadhadadepressionevery20yearsorso.Thebuilt-ineconomicstabilizersoftheNewDeal,vociferouslydenouncedbybusinessleadersatthetime,havepreservedthecountryagainstmajordepressionsformorethanahalf-century.F.D.R.'ssignaldomesticachievementwastorescuecapitalismfromthecapitalists.

"Wearefighting,"hesaidin1936,"tosaveagreatandpreciousformofgovernmentforourselvesandfortheworld."F.D.R.'sbrilliant(andsometimesnotsobrilliant)improvisationsrestoredAmerica'sfaithindemocraticinstitutions.Elsewhereontheplanet,democracywasunderassault.HitlerwasonthemarchinEurope.JapanhadinvadedChinaanddreamedofaGreaterEastAsiaCo-ProsperitySphereunderJapanesedomination.

F.D.R.'seducationinforeignaffairshadbeenatthehandsoftwoPresidentshegreatlyadmired.TheodoreRoosevelt,hiskinsman(afifthcousin),taughthimnational-interest,balance-of-powergeopolitics.WoodrowWilson,whomheservedasAssistantSecretaryoftheNavy,gavehimthevisionofaworldbeyondbalancesofpower,aninternationalorderfoundedonthecollectivemaintenanceofthepeace.F.D.R.'sinternationalismusedT.R.'srealismastheheartofWilson'sidealism.

ButAmericans,disenchantedwiththeirparticipationintheGreatWar,hadturnedtheirbacksontheworldandrevertedtoisolationism.RigidneutralityactsdeniedthePresidentauthoritytodiscriminatebetweenaggressorstatesandtheirvictimsandtherebypreventedtheU.S.fromthrowingitsweightagainstaggression.

Toawakenhiscountryfromitsisolationistslumber,Rooseveltbeganalong,urgent,eloquentcampaignofpopulareducation,warningthatuncheckedaggressionabroadwouldultimatelyendangertheU.S.itself."LetnooneimaginethatAmericawillescape,thatAmericamayexpectmercy,"hesaid.Thedebatein1940-41betweenisolationistsandinterventionistswasthemostpassionatepoliticalargumentofmylifetime.ItcametoanabruptendwhenJapanesebombsfellonPearlHarbor.

Aswarleader,F.D.R.pickedanextraordinaryteamofgeneralsandadmirals.InpartnershipwithChurchill,hepresidedoverthevitalstrategicdecisions.Andalso,inthefootstepsofWilson,hewasdeterminedthatvictoryshouldproduceaframeworkforlastingworldpeace.

Hesawthewarasbringingabouthistoricchanges—theriseofRussiaandChina,forexample,andtheendofWesterncolonialism.HetriedtopersuadetheBritishtogiveIndiaitsindependenceandtriedtostoptheFrenchfromrepossessingIndochina.IntheFourFreedomsand,withChurchill,intheAtlanticCharter,heproclaimedwaraimsinwordsthatcontinuetoexpresstheworld'saspirationstoday.

RememberingAmerica'sreversiontoisolationismafterWorldWarI,hesetouttoinvolvetheU.S.inpostwarstructureswhilethewarwasstillonandthecountrystillinaninternationalistframeofmind."Anybodywhothinksthatisolationismisdeadinthiscountryiscrazy,"hesaidprivately."Assoonasthiswarisover,itmaywellbestrongerthanever."

Inaseriesofconferencesin1944,hecommittedthecountrytointernationalmechanismsinavarietyoffields—financeandtrade,reliefandreconstruction,foodandagriculture,civilaviation.Mostofall,hesawtheUnitedNations,inthewordsofthediplomatCharlesE.Bohlen,as"theonlydevicethatcouldkeeptheU.S.fromslippingbackintoisolationism."HearrangedfortheU.N.'sfoundingconferencetotakeplaceinSanFranciscobeforethewarwasover(thoughitturnedouttobeafterhisowndeathinApril1945attheageof63).

ThegreatriddleforthepeacewastheSovietUnion.PerhapsRoosevelt,assomeargue,shouldhaveconditionedaidtoRussiaduringthewaronpledgesofpostwargoodbehavior.ButthefateofthesecondfrontinthewestdependedontheRedArmy'sholdingdownNazidivisionsintheeast,andneitherRooseveltnorChurchillwantedtodelayStalin'smilitaryoffensives—ortodrivehimtomakeaseparatepeacewithHitler.

Withthewarapproachingitsend,thetwodemocraticleadersmetStalinatYalta.SomesaythatthismeetingbroughtaboutthedivisionofEurope.Infact,farfromendorsingSovietcontrolofEasternEurope,RooseveltandChurchillsecuredfromStalinpledgesof"theearliestpossibleestablishmentthroughfreeelectionsofgovernmentsresponsivetothewillofthepeople."StalinhadtobreaktheYaltaagreementstoachievehisends—whichwouldseemtoprovetheagreementsweremoreintheWesternthantheSovietinterest.Infact,EasternEuropetodayiswhattheYaltaDeclarationsmandatedin1945.

Takealookatourpresentworld.ItismanifestlynotAdolfHitler'sworld.HisThousand-YearReichturnedouttohaveabriefandbloodyrunofadozenyears.ItismanifestlynotJosephStalin'sworld.Thatghastlyworldself-destructedbeforeoureyes.NorisitWinstonChurchill'sworld.Empireanditsglorieshavelongsincevanishedintohistory.

TheworldweliveintodayisFranklinRoosevelt'sworld.Ofthefigureswhoforgoodorevildominatedtheplanet60yearsago,hewouldbeleastsurprisedbytheshapeofthingsatthemillennium.Andconfidentashewasofthepowerandvitalityofdemocracy,hewouldwelcomethechallengesposedbythecenturytocome.

FranklinDelanoRoosevelt,saidIsaiahBerlin,wasoneofthefewstatesmeninanycentury"whoseemedtohavenofearatallofthefuture."

Pulitzerprize-winninghistorianArthurSchlesingerJr.istheauthorofTheAgeofRoosevelt.Heiscurrentlyatworkonhismemoirs

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MichaelBloomberg