Words&PhrasesUnit1Module4------PartIadvertisingtheactivityandindustryofadvertisingthingstopeopleontelevision,innewspapers,etc.廣告活動(dòng)；廣告業(yè)；做廣告noununcountableAgoodadvertisingcampaignwillincreaseoursales.良好的廣告宣傳活動(dòng)會(huì)增加我們的銷售量。Cigaretteadvertisinghasbeenbanned.香煙廣告已遭禁止。airlineacompanythatprovidesregularflightstotakepassengersandgoodstodifferentplaces航空公司nounC+sing./pl.verbinternationalairlines國(guó)際航空公司anairlinepilot航空公司飛機(jī)駕駛員drugnounanillegalsubstancethatsomepeoplesmoke,inject,etc.togivethempleasantorexcitingfeelings（吸食、注射等的）毒品，麻醉藥Hedoesnotsmokeortakedrugs.他既不抽煙也不吸毒。IfoundoutStevewasondrugs(=regularlyuseddrugs).我發(fā)現(xiàn)史蒂夫已吸毒成癮。ahard(=veryharmful)drugsuchasheroin（毒性很大的）海洛因之類的硬毒品asoftdrug(=onethatisnotconsideredveryharmful)（毒性不很大的）軟毒品Shewasadrugaddict(=couldnotstopusingdrugs).她是個(gè)吸毒成癮的人。Idon'tdodrugs(=usethem).我不吸毒。asubstanceusedasamedicineorusedinamedicine藥；藥物drugcompanies藥品公司Thedrughassomebadsideeffects.這種藥有些嚴(yán)重的副作用。shineverbshone;shonetoproduceorreflectlight;tobebright發(fā)光；反光；照耀VThesunshonebrightlyinacloudlesssky.太陽在無云的天空中明亮地照耀著。Hereyeswereshiningwithexcitement.她興奮得兩眼放光。toaimorpointthelightofalamp,etc.inaparticulardirection把…照向；使…光投向VNHeshonetheflashlightaroundthecellar.他用手電筒往地窖各處照了照。topolishsomething;tomakesomethingsmoothandbright擦亮；擦光VNHeshinedshoesandsoldnewspaperstomakemoney.他靠擦鞋、賣報(bào)掙錢。tobeverygoodatsomething出色；出類拔萃VHefailedtoshineacademicallybuthewasverygoodatsports.他學(xué)業(yè)不怎么樣，但體育棒極了。Shehassetashiningexampleofloyalserviceoverfourdecades.四十年間，她樹立了一個(gè)忠誠(chéng)服務(wù)的光輝榜樣。shinynounthebrightqualitythatsomethinghaswhenlightisreflectedonit光亮；光澤singularashampoothatgivesyourhairbodyandshine一種能使頭發(fā)濃密發(fā)亮的洗發(fā)劑shampoonoun-ospluralaliquidsoapthatisusedforwashingyourhair;asimilarliquidusedforcleaningcarpets,furniturecoversoracar洗發(fā)劑；香波；（洗地毯、家具罩套、汽車等的）洗滌劑countableuncountablecarpetshampoo地毯洗滌劑advertisementnounanotice,pictureorfilmtellingpeopleaboutaproduct,joborservice廣告；啟事countable~(forsth)Putanadvertisementinthelocalpapertosellyourcar.在當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙登一則廣告來出售你的汽車。classifiedadvertisementsad

anexampleofsomethingthatshowsitsgoodqualities廣告（樣）品countable~forsthDirtystreetsandhomelessnessarenoadvertisementforaprosperoussociety.骯臟的街道和無家可歸現(xiàn)象決不是繁榮社會(huì)的景象。theactofadvertisingsomethingandmakingitpublic廣告活動(dòng)；廣告宣傳uncountablepersuadeverbtomakesomebodydosomethingbygivingthemgoodreasonsfordoingit勸說；說服~sb(intosth/intodoingsth)~sbto/nottodoTrytopersuadehimtocome.盡量勸他來。VNtoinf.Iallowedmyselftobepersuadedintoenteringthecompetition.我擱不住人家的勸說，就參加了比賽。tomakesomebodybelievethatsomethingistrue使信服；使相信convinceSynonymItwillbedifficulttopersuadethemthatthere'snootherchoice.很難讓他們相信別無選擇。VNthatShehadpersuadedherselfthatlifewasnotworthliving.她自認(rèn)為人生沒有價(jià)值。advertiseverbtotellthepublicaboutaproductoraserviceinordertoencouragepeopletobuyortouseit做廣告；登廣告~sth(assth)Ifyouwanttoattractmorecustomers,tryadvertisinginthelocalpaper.如果你要吸引更多顧客，就試試在當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙登廣告。VThecruisewasadvertisedasthe‘journeyofalifetime’.這次航行被宣傳為“終生難得的旅行”。toletpeopleknowthatsomethingisgoingtohappen,orthatajobisavailablebygivingdetailsaboutitinanewspaper,onanoticeinapublicplace,etc.（在報(bào)章、公共場(chǎng)所啟事等上）公布，征聘~(forsb/sth)Wearecurrentlyadvertisingforanewsalesmanager.目前我們公開征聘一位新的銷售經(jīng)理。Vtoshowortellsomethingaboutyourselftootherpeople展現(xiàn)，宣傳（自己的事）VNIfIwereyou,Iwouldn'tadvertisethefactthatyoudon'thaveaworkpermit.我要是你，決不會(huì)張揚(yáng)自己沒有工作許可證這件事。bemeanttomeanverbmeant;meanttohavesomethingasameaning表示…的意思~sth(tosb)Whatdoesthissentencemean?這個(gè)句子是什么意思？VNDoesthename‘DavidBerwick’meananythingtoyou(=doyouknowwhoheis)?你知道戴維貝里克是誰嗎？Theflashinglightmeans(that)youmuststop.閃爍的燈光表示你必須停下。V(that)tointendtosaysomethingonaparticularoccasion意思是；本意是Whatdidhemeanbythatremark?他說那話是什么意思？VNtohavesomethingasapurposeorintention打算；意欲；有…的目的~sth(assth)/~what…/~sthforsb/intendSynonymDon'tbeupset─I'msureshemeantitasacompliment.別煩惱我肯定她的原意是要稱贊你的。Hemeanswhathesays(=isnotjoking,exaggerating,etc.).他說話是當(dāng)真的。Don'tbeangry.I'msureshemeantitforthebest(=intendedtobehelpful).別生氣了。我相信她是真心想要幫忙的。Thechairwasclearlymeantforachild.這椅子顯然是專為兒童預(yù)備的。Shemeanstosucceed.她一意求成。Vtoinf.Ididn'tmeanyoutoreadtheletter.我沒打算讓你看那封信。VNtoinf.You'remeantto(=youaresupposedto)paybeforeyougoin.你要先交錢才能進(jìn)去。Inevermeant(that)youshouldcomealone.我從來沒打算讓你一個(gè)人來。formalV(that)tointendsomebodytobeordosomething想要某人成為；想要某人去做oftenpassive~sbforsth~sbtobesthIwasnevermeantforthearmy(=didnothavethequalitiesneededtobecomeasoldier).我根本就不是塊當(dāng)兵的料。VNPhilipandKimweremeantforeachother(=areverysuitableaspartners).菲利普和金真是天生的一對(duì)。Hisfathermeanthimtobeanengineer.他父親想讓他當(dāng)工程師。VNtoinf.tohavesomethingasaresultoralikelyresult產(chǎn)生…結(jié)果；意味著Spendingtoomuchnowwillmeanashortageofcashnextyear.現(xiàn)在花銷太多就意味著明年現(xiàn)金短缺。VNDoyouhaveanyideawhatitmeanstobepoor?你知不知道貧窮意味著什么？VNtoinf.tobeofvalueorimportancetosomebody對(duì)某人重要（或有價(jià)值）VNnopassive~sthtosbYourfriendshipmeansagreatdealtome.你的友誼對(duì)我來說是很珍貴的。$20meansalot(=representsalotofmoney)whenyouliveon$100aweek.當(dāng)你每周就靠100元維持生活時(shí)，20元可是個(gè)大數(shù)目。Moneymeansnothingtohim.金錢對(duì)于他來說毫無價(jià)值。bemeanttobesomethingtobegenerallyconsideredtobesomething被普遍認(rèn)為是Thisrestaurantismeanttobeexcellent.都說這家飯店很棒。adjectivemeaner;meanestnotwillingtogiveorsharethings,especiallymoney吝嗇的；小氣的BritishEnglishShe'salwaysbeenmeanwithmoney.她在花錢方面總是非常吝嗇。generousAntonym;

ofpeopleortheirbehaviour人或其行為unkind,forexamplebynotlettingsomebodyhaveordosomething不善良；刻薄~(tosb)Don'tbesomeantoyourlittlebrother!別對(duì)你弟弟那么刻??！welfarenounthegeneralhealth,happinessandsafetyofaperson,ananimaloragroup（個(gè)體或群體的）幸福，安全與健康uncountablewell-beingSynonymWeareconcernedaboutthechild'swelfare.我們關(guān)注那個(gè)孩子的福祉。practicalorfinancialhelpthatisprovided,oftenbythegovernment,forpeopleoranimalsthatneedit（政府給予的）福利uncountableanimal/childwelfare動(dòng)物保護(hù)；兒童福利asocialwelfareprogramme社會(huì)福利計(jì)劃cheatverbtotrickordeceivesomebody,especiallywhentheytrustyou（尤指利用別人的信任）欺騙，欺詐VNSheisaccusedofattemptingtocheatthetaxman.她被指控企圖蒙騙稅務(wù)員。Hecheatedhiswayintothejob.他騙取了這份工作。toactinadishonestwayinordertogainanadvantage,especiallyinagame,acompetition,anexam,etc.（尤指在游戲、比賽、考試等中）作弊，舞弊V~(atsth)Hecheatsatcards.他玩牌時(shí)作弊。You'renotallowedtolookattheanswers─that'scheating.你們不許看答案，那是作弊。ofsomebodywhoismarriedorwhohasaregularsexualpartnertohaveasecretsexualrelationshipwithsomebodyelse對(duì)某人不忠（或不貞）V~(onsb)cheatsomebody(out)ofsomethingtopreventsomebodyfromhavingsomething,especiallyinawaythatisnothonestorfair（尤指用不誠(chéng)實(shí)或不正當(dāng)?shù)氖侄危┳柚鼓橙说玫侥澄颰heycheatedhimoutofhisshareoftheprofits.他們施展伎倆，不讓他獲得他的那份利潤(rùn)。nounapersonwhocheats,especiallyinagame（尤指游戲中的）作弊者，騙子countableespeciallyBritishEnglishYoulittlecheat!你這小滑頭！skilfuladjective,BritishEnglishofaperson人goodatdoingsomething,especiallysomethingthatneedsaparticularabilityorspecialtraining技術(shù)好的；功夫深的；熟練的askilfulplayer/performer/teacher技術(shù)好的運(yùn)動(dòng)員；功夫深的表演者；會(huì)教學(xué)的老師madeordoneverywell制作精良的；處理巧妙的Thankstoherskilfulhandlingoftheaffair,theproblemwasavoided.多虧她對(duì)事情處理得巧妙，才避免了麻煩。evenif即使;雖然Hewillcomeontimeeventhoughitrains.即使下雨,他還是會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來的。innocentadjectivenotguiltyofacrime,etc.;nothavingdonesomethingwrong無辜的；清白的；無罪的~(ofsth)Shewasfoundinnocentofanycrime.她獲判無罪。Hewastheinnocentparty(=person)inthebreakdownofthemarriage.他們的婚姻破裂，他是無過錯(cuò)的一方。guiltyAntonymsufferingharmorbeingkilledbecauseofacrime,war,etc.althoughnotdirectlyinvolvedinit無辜受害的；成為犧牲品的onlybeforenounaninnocentbystander無辜受害的旁觀者notintendedtocauseharmorupsetsomebody無惡意的；無冒犯之意的harmlessSynonymItwasallinnocentfun.那不過是些無惡意的玩笑。Itwasaperfectlyinnocentremark.那是一句毫無冒犯之意的話。havinglittleexperienceoftheworld,especiallyofsexualmatters,orofevilorunpleasantthings天真無邪的；純真的aninnocentyoungchild天真無邪的小孩子breathnountheairthatyoutakeintoyourlungsandsendoutagain呼吸的空氣uncountableHisbreathsmeltofgarlic.他呼出的氣中有大蒜味。badbreath(=thatsmellsbad)口臭Shewasveryshortofbreath(=haddifficultybreathing).她呼吸很困難。anamountofairthatentersthelungsatonetime一次吸入的空氣countabletotakeadeepbreath深深吸一口氣Herecitedthewholepoeminonebreath.他一口氣背出了整篇詩(shī)。aslightmovementofair（空氣的）微微流動(dòng)，拂動(dòng)a~ofair,windsingularliteraryabreathof(fresh)aircleanairbreathedinafterbeingindoorsorinadirtyatmosphere新鮮空氣；透氣We'llgetabreathoffreshairatlunchtime.我們午餐時(shí)出去透透氣。aperson,thingorplacethatisnewanddifferentandthereforeinterestingandexciting令人耳目一新的人（或事物、地方）getyourbreath(again/back)tobreathenormallyagainafterrunningordoingsometiringexercise恢復(fù)正常呼吸holdyourbreathtostopbreathingforashorttime閉氣；屏氣Holdyourbreathandcounttoten.屏住呼吸，數(shù)到十。tobeanxiouswhileyouarewaitingforsomethingthatyouareworriedabout屏息以待；焦慮地等待Heheldhisbreathwhiletheresultswerereadout.宣讀結(jié)果時(shí)，他屏住了呼吸。outofbreathhavingdifficultybreathingafterexercise（運(yùn)動(dòng)后）喘不上氣，透不過氣來Wewereoutofbreathafteronlyfiveminutes.我們五分鐘后便氣喘吁吁了。takesomebody'sbreathawaytobeverysurprisingorbeautiful令人驚嘆；讓人嘆絕Myfirstviewoftheislandfromtheairtookmybreathaway.我第一次從空中看到這個(gè)島時(shí)，嘆賞不已。foolnounapersonwhoyouthinkbehavesorspeaksinawaythatlacksintelligenceorgoodjudgement蠢人；傻瓜countableidiotSynonymDon'tbesuchafool!別這么傻了！IfeltafoolwhenIrealizedmymistake.我意識(shí)到了自己的錯(cuò)誤，覺得自己是個(gè)傻瓜。act/playthefooltobehaveinastupidwayinordertomakepeoplelaugh,especiallyinawaythatmayalsoannoythem裝傻，扮丑相（以逗人笑，但往往惹人惱怒）Quitplayingthefoolandgetsomeworkdone!別再裝傻了，干點(diǎn)實(shí)事吧！beno/nobody'sfooltobetoointelligentorknowtoomuchaboutsomethingtobetrickedbyotherpeople精明機(jī)智；不易上當(dāng)She'snobody'sfoolwhenitcomestodealingwithdifficultpatients.她對(duì)付難纏的病人很有辦法。makeafoolofsomebodytosayordosomethingdeliberatelysothatpeoplewillthinkthatsomebodyisstupid愚弄某人Can'tyouseeshe'smakingafoolofyou?難道你不明白她是在愚弄你？makeafoolofyourselftodosomethingstupidwhichmakesotherpeoplethinkthatyouareafool出丑Imadeacompletefoolofmyselfinfrontofeveryone!我當(dāng)眾出了大丑了！verbtotricksomebodyintobelievingsomethingthatisnottrue欺騙；愚弄VN~sb(intodoingsth)Shecertainlyhadmefooled─Ireallybelievedher!她確實(shí)把我騙了我真的相信了她的話！Don'tbefooledintothinkingthey'regoingtochangeanything.別上當(dāng)受騙，以為他們打算作出任何改變。youcouldhavefooledmeusedtosaythatyoudonotbelievesomethingthatsomebodyhasjusttoldyou（表示不相信別人的話）休想騙我，說得像真的一樣‘I'mtryingashardasIcan!’‘Youcouldhavefooledme!’“我要盡力而為！”“說得像真的似的！”cureverbtomakeapersonorananimalhealthyagainafteranillness治愈，治好（病人或動(dòng)物）~sb(ofsth)VNWillyoubeabletocurehimofthedisease,Doctor?醫(yī)生，你能把他的病治好嗎？tostopsomebodyfrombehavinginaparticularway,especiallyawaythatisbadorannoying矯正，改正（某人的不良行為）~sbofsthVNtomakeanillnessgoaway治好（疾?。￢NTBisaseriousillness,butitcanbecured.肺結(jié)核雖然是一種嚴(yán)重的疾病，但可治愈。todealwithaproblemsuccessfully解決，了結(jié)（問題）VNIfinallymanagedtocuretherattlingnoiseinmycar.我最終設(shè)法解決了我汽車發(fā)出的格格響聲。noun.amedicineormedicaltreatmentthatcuresanillness藥；藥物；療法~(forsth)thesearchforacureforcancer對(duì)癌癥治療方法的研究Thereisnoknowncurebuttheillnesscanbetreated.這種病尚沒有確切的治愈方法，但可以醫(yī)治。theactofcuringsomebodyofanillnessortheprocessofbeingcured治療；療程Thecuretooksixweeks.此療程花了六個(gè)星期。somethingthatwillsolveaproblem,improveabadsituation,etc.（解決問題、改善糟糕情況等的）措施，對(duì)策~(forsth)acureforpoverty解決貧窮問題的措施grocerynoun-iespluralashop/storethatsellsfoodandotherthingsusedinthehome.InAmericanEnglish‘grocerystore’isoftenusedtomean‘supermarket’.食品雜貨店（在美國(guó)英語中g(shù)rocerystore常用以指supermarket）especiallyBritishEnglishcountablegrocerystorefoodandothergoodssoldbyagroceroratasupermarket食品雜貨pluralgroceriespleasedadjectivefeelinghappyaboutsomething高興；滿意；愉快~(withsb/sth)~that…~todoShewasverypleasedwithherexamresults.她對(duì)考試成績(jī)非常滿意。I'mreallypleasedthatyou'refeelingbetter.你覺得好些了，我真高興。I'mpleasedtohearaboutyournews.聽到你的消息我很高興。happyorwillingtodosomething高興，樂于（做某事）~todosthWearealwayspleasedtobeabletohelp.我們一向樂意能幫忙。Iwaspleasedtohearyou'vebeenpromoted.聽說你高升了，我很高興。Aren'tyoupleasedtoseeme?見到我你不高興嗎？Pleasedtomeetyou(=saidwhenyouareintroducedtosomebody).很高興認(rèn)識(shí)您。commentnounsomethingthatyousayorwritewhichgivesanopiniononorexplainssomebody/something議論；評(píng)論；解釋countableuncountable~(about/onsth)Haveyouanycommenttomakeaboutthecauseofthedisaster?你對(duì)發(fā)生災(zāi)難的原因有何評(píng)論？Shemadehelpfulcommentsonmywork.她對(duì)我的工作提出了有益的意見。Whatshesaidwasfaircomment(=areasonablecriticism).她所講的是合乎情理的批評(píng)。

criticismthatshowsthefaultsofsomething批評(píng)；指責(zé)singularuncountableTheresultsareaclearcommentongovernmenteducationpolicy.這些結(jié)果是對(duì)政府教育政策明顯的批評(píng)。Therewasalotofcommentabouthisbehaviour.對(duì)他的行為舉止有很多的議論。nocommentIhavenothingtosayaboutthat無可奉告‘Willyouresign,sir?’‘Nocomment!’“先生，你會(huì)辭職嗎？”“無可奉告！”verbtoexpressanopinionaboutsomething表達(dá)意見~(on/uponsth)Idon'tfeelIcancommentontheirdecision.我覺得我無法對(duì)他們的決定作出評(píng)論。VAspokespersoncommentedthatlevelsofcarbondioxidewereveryhigh.發(fā)言人稱二氧化碳的含量很高。Vthatmentaladjectiveconnectedwithorhappeninginthemind;involvingtheprocessofthinking思想的；精神的；思考的；智力的usuallybeforenounthementalprocessofremembering記憶的心理過程Doyouhaveamentalpictureofwhatitwilllooklike?在你腦子里它會(huì)是什么樣子？connectedwiththestateofhealthofthemindorwiththetreatmentofillnessesofthemind精神病治療的；精神健康的usuallybeforenounmentalhealth精神健康amentaldisorder/illness/hospital精神紊亂／?。≡篠hewassufferingfromphysicalandmentalexhaustion.她當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)是精疲力竭。crazy瘋狂；發(fā)瘋notusuallybeforenounWatchhim.He'smental.小心。他瘋了。fallfor迷戀Hereallyfellforthenewgirlinschool.他深深地被學(xué)校新來的女生吸引住了。Shefellforhimatfirstsight.她對(duì)他一見鐘情。上...的當(dāng)Manypeoplefellforhistricks.許多人上了他的當(dāng)。tricknounsomethingthatyoudotodeceivesomebodyortoannoysomebodyasajoke詭計(jì)；花招；計(jì)謀；騙局Theyhadtothinkofatricktogetpasttheguards.他們只好想出個(gè)計(jì)謀騙過崗哨。Thekidsarealwaysplayingtricksontheirteacher.孩子們經(jīng)常耍些花招戲弄老師。somethingthatconfusesyousothatyousee,understand,remember,etc.thingsinthewrongway引起錯(cuò)覺（或記憶紊亂）的事物Wastheresomebodystandingthereorwasitatrickofthelight?是真的有人站在那兒還是光線引起的錯(cuò)覺？acleveractionthatsomebody/somethingperformsasawayofentertainingpeople戲法；把戲acardtrick紙牌戲法awayofdoingsomethingthatworkswell;agoodmethod技巧；訣竅；竅門usuallysingularThetrickistopicktheanimalupbythebackofitsneck.竅門在于抓住動(dòng)物的后脖頸把它提起來。trickortreatsaidbychildrenwhovisitpeople'shousesatHalloweenandthreatentoplaytricksonpeoplewhodonotgivethemsweets/candy是請(qǐng)吃糖，還是想遭殃（萬圣節(jié)時(shí)兒童挨家索要糖果用語，揚(yáng)言若不給糖就搞惡作?。﹙erbtodeceivesomebody欺騙；欺詐VNI'dbeentrickedandIfeltstupid.我被人騙了，覺得自己真傻。Hemanagedtotrickhiswaypastthesecurityguards.他想方設(shè)法騙過保安員走了。tricksomebodyintosomething/intodoingsomethingtomakesomebodydosomethingbymeansofatrick誘使某人做某事Hetrickedmeintolendinghim￡100.他騙我借給了他100英鎊。tricksomebodyoutofsomethingtogetsomethingfromsomebodybymeansofatrick從某人處騙走某物Shewastrickedoutofherlifesavings.她被騙走了一生的積蓄。aimnounthepurposeofdoingsomething;whatsomebodyistryingtoachieve目的；目標(biāo)countabletheaimsofthelesson本課教學(xué)目標(biāo)ShewenttoLondonwiththeaimoffindingajob.她去倫敦是為了找工作。OurmainaimistoincreasesalesinEurope.我們的主要目標(biāo)是增加在歐洲的銷售量。theactionorskillofpointingaweaponatsomebody/something瞄準(zhǔn)uncountableHeraimwasgoodandshehitthelionwithherfirstshot.她瞄得準(zhǔn)，第一槍就打中了獅子。Thegunmantookaim(=pointedhisweapon)andfired.持槍歹徒瞄準(zhǔn)后就射擊了。takeaimatsomebody/somethingtodirectyourcriticismatsomebody/something把目標(biāo)對(duì)準(zhǔn)某人（或某事物）；把批評(píng)的矛頭指向某人（或某事物）verbtotryorplantoachievesomething力求達(dá)到；力爭(zhēng)做到~(atdoingsth)~(at/forsth)Thegovernmentisaimingata50%reductioninunemployment.政府正力爭(zhēng)減少50%的失業(yè)人數(shù)。VWeshouldaimforabiggershareofthemarket.我們應(yīng)該努力爭(zhēng)取更大的市場(chǎng)份額。Hehasalwaysaimedhigh(=triedtoachievealot).他總是心氣很高。Theyareaimingtoreduceunemploymentby50%.他們正力求使失業(yè)人數(shù)下降50%。Vtoinf.tohavesomethingasanaim目的是；旨在VNThesemeasuresareaimedatpreventingviolentcrime.這些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。beaimedattopointordirectaweapon,ashot,akick,etc.atsomebody/something瞄準(zhǔn)；對(duì)準(zhǔn)~(sth)(atsb/sth)~(forsb/sth)Iwasaimingatthetreebuthitthecarbymistake.我對(duì)準(zhǔn)樹射擊，不料誤中了汽車。VAimforthemiddleofthetarget.瞄準(zhǔn)靶心。Thegunwasaimedatherhead.槍瞄準(zhǔn)了她的頭。VNtosayordosomethingthatisintendedtoinfluenceoraffectaparticularpersonorgroup針對(duì)；對(duì)象是VNusuallypassive~sthatsbThebookisaimedatveryyoungchildren.這本書的對(duì)象是幼童。Mycriticismwasn'taimedatyou.我的批評(píng)不是針對(duì)你的。nationwidehappeningorexistinginallpartsofaparticularcountry全國(guó)性的；遍及全國(guó)的；全國(guó)范圍的adjectiveanationwidecampaign全國(guó)性運(yùn)動(dòng)campaignnounaseriesofplannedactivitiesthatareintendedtoachieveaparticularsocial,commercialorpoliticalaim運(yùn)動(dòng)（為社會(huì)、商業(yè)或政治目的而進(jìn)行的一系列有計(jì)劃的活動(dòng)）~(against/forsth)toconductacampaign領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)acampaignagainstageismintheworkplace反對(duì)在工作場(chǎng)所實(shí)行年齡歧視的運(yùn)動(dòng)thecampaignforparliamentaryreform要求議會(huì)進(jìn)行改革的運(yùn)動(dòng)ananti-smokingcampaign反對(duì)吸煙的運(yùn)動(dòng)anadvertisingcampaign一場(chǎng)廣告宣傳運(yùn)動(dòng)aseriesofattacksandbattlesthatareintendedtoachieveaparticularmilitaryaimduringawar戰(zhàn)役verbtotakepartinorleadacampaign,forexampletoachievepoliticalchangeorinordertowinanelection參加運(yùn)動(dòng)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)運(yùn)動(dòng)（如為實(shí)現(xiàn)政治變革或贏得競(jìng)選勝利）~(for/againstsb/sth)Wehavecampaignedagainstwhalingforthelast15years.我們最近15年一直參加反對(duì)捕鯨的運(yùn)動(dòng)。VTheyarecampaigningtosavetheareafrombuildingdevelopment.他們正開展一場(chǎng)反對(duì)在這個(gè)地區(qū)進(jìn)行房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的運(yùn)動(dòng)。Vtoinf.dealwith與...交涉,交易;應(yīng)付;處理Hehaslearnttodealproperlywithallkindsofcomplicatedsituations.他已學(xué)會(huì)恰當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)付各種復(fù)雜局面。關(guān)于Thisbookdealswithanimportantissue.這本書論及一個(gè)重要的問題。mottoashortsentenceorphrasethatexpressestheaimsandbeliefsofaperson,agroup,aninstitution,etc.andisusedasaruleofbehaviour座右銘；格言；箴言nounTheschool'smottois:‘Duty,Honour,Country’.這所學(xué)校的校訓(xùn)是：“責(zé)任、榮譽(yù)、國(guó)家”?！甃iveandletlive.’That'smymotto.“待人寬如待己。”這就是我的座右銘。-oesplural;-ospluralcigaretteathintubeofpaperfilledwithtobacco,forsmoking香煙；紙煙；卷煙nounapacket/packofcigarettes一包香煙tolightacigarette點(diǎn)燃一支香煙benefitnounanadvantagethatsomethinggivesyou;ahelpfulandusefuleffectthatsomethinghas優(yōu)勢(shì)；益處；成效uncountablecountableI'vehadthebenefitofagoodeducation.我得益于受過良好教育。Itwillbetoyourbenefittoarriveearly.早到將會(huì)對(duì)你有利。moneyprovidedbythegovernmenttopeoplewhoneedfinancialhelpbecausetheyareunemployed,ill,etc.（政府對(duì)失業(yè)者、病人等提供的）補(bǔ)助金，救濟(jì)金，撫恤金uncountablecountableBritishEnglishchildbenefit;housingbenefit;sicknessbenefitadvantagesthatyougetfromacompanyinadditiontothemoneythatyouearn;moneyfromaninsurancecompany（給職工的）獎(jiǎng)金，補(bǔ)貼；（保險(xiǎn)公司支付的）保險(xiǎn)金countableusuallypluralforsomebody'sbenefitespeciallyinordertohelporbeusefultosomebody為幫助某人；為某人的利益Don'tgotoanytroubleformybenefit!別為我費(fèi)工夫！verb-t-;-tt-tobeusefultosomebodyorimprovetheirlifeinsomeway對(duì)（某人）有用；使受益VNWeshouldspendthemoneyonsomethingthatwillbenefiteveryone.我們應(yīng)該把這筆錢花在大家都能得益的事上。tobeinabetterpositionbecauseofsomething得益于；得利于V~(from/bysth)Whoexactlystandstobenefitfromthesechanges?到底是誰會(huì)從這些變革中直接獲益？promoteverbtohelpsomethingtohappenordevelop促進(jìn)；推動(dòng)VNpoliciestopromoteeconomicgrowth促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的政策acampaigntopromoteawarenessofenvironmentalissues提高環(huán)保意識(shí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)tohelpsellaproduct,service,etc.ormakeitmorepopularbyadvertisingitorofferingitataspecialprice促銷；推銷~sth(assth)VNTheareaisbeingpromotedasatouristdestination.這個(gè)地區(qū)正被推廣為旅游點(diǎn)。tomovesomebodytoahigherrankormoreseniorjob提升；晉升~sb(fromsth)(tosth)oftenpassiveVNHehasbeenpromotedtomanager.他已晉升為經(jīng)理。tomoveasportsteamfromplayingwithonegroupofteamstoplayinginabettergroup將（體育運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)）晉級(jí)~sth(fromsth)(tosth)VNTheywerepromotedtotheFirstDivisionlastseason.上個(gè)賽季他們晉升為甲級(jí)隊(duì)。intelligencenountheabilitytolearn,understandandthinkinalogicalwayaboutthings;theabilitytodothiswell智力；才智；智慧uncountableapersonofhigh/average/lowintelligence智力高的╱一般的／低下的人Hedidn'tevenhavetheintelligencetocallforanambulance.他連呼叫救護(hù)車的頭腦都沒有。IntelligenceQuotientartificialintelligencesecretinformationthatiscollectedaboutaforeigncountry,especiallyonethatisanenemy;thepeoplethatcollectthisinformation（尤指敵對(duì)國(guó)家的）情報(bào)，信息；情報(bào)人員uncountabletheUSCentralIntelligenceAgency美國(guó)中央情報(bào)局slavenounapersonwhoislegallyownedbyanotherpersonandisforcedtoworkforthem奴隸Shetreatedherdaughterlikeaslave.她對(duì)待女兒像對(duì)待奴隸一樣。enslaveapersonwhoissostronglyinfluencedbysomethingthattheycannotlivewithoutit,orcannotmaketheirowndecisions完全受（某事物）控制的人；完全依賴（某事物）的人~of/tosthWeareslavesofthemotorcar.我們離不了汽車。Sue'saslavetofashion.休是個(gè)拼命趕時(shí)髦的人。verbtoworkveryhard苦干；辛勤地工作VusuallyVN+adv./prep.~(away)(atsth)I'vebeenslavingawayalldaytryingtogetthisworkfinished.我整天苦干，想把這項(xiàng)工作趕完。consultverbtogotosomebodyforinformationoradvice咨詢；請(qǐng)教~sb(aboutsth)Haveyouconsultedyourlawyeraboutthis?你就此事咨詢過你的律師嗎？aconsultingengineer(=onewhohasexpertknowledgeandgivesadvice)顧問工程師Vtodiscusssomethingwithsomebodytogettheirpermissionforsomething,ortohelpyoumakeadecision（與某人）商議，商量（以得到許可或幫助決策）~(with)sb(about/onsth)Iexpecttobeconsultedaboutmajorissues.我認(rèn)為重大問題必須找我商量。Ineedtoconsultwithmycolleaguesontheproposals.我需要和我的同事商討這些建議。Vtolookinoratsomethingtogetinformation查閱；查詢；參看VNrefertoSynonymHeconsultedthedictionary.他查閱了字典。comprehensionnountheabilitytounderstand理解力；領(lǐng)悟能力uncountableespeciallywrittenuncountablecountableThetaskrequiresagoodcomprehensionofcomplexinstructions.這項(xiàng)工作要求對(duì)復(fù)雜的指令有良好的理解力。Hisbehaviourwascompletelybeyondcomprehension(=impossibletounderstand).他的舉止完全令人費(fèi)解。Shehadnocomprehensionofwhatwasinvolved.她不明白所涉及的事情。anexercisethattrainsstudentstounderstandalanguage（語言學(xué)習(xí)中的）理解練習(xí)（或訓(xùn)練）uncountablecountablelisteningcomprehension聽力練習(xí)areadingcomprehension閱讀理解練習(xí)latestadjectivethemostrecentornewest最近的；最新的onlybeforenounthelatestunemploymentfigures最新失業(yè)數(shù)字Haveyouheardthelatestnews?你得到最新消息了嗎？nounthelatestthemostrecentorthenewestthingorpieceofnews最新事物；最新消息informalThisisthelatestinrobottechnology.這是最新的機(jī)器人技術(shù)。Haveyouheardthelatest?你得到最新消息了嗎？atthelatestnolaterthanthetimeorthedatementioned最遲；最晚；至遲Applicationsshouldbeinby31Octoberatthelatest.申請(qǐng)書至遲必須在10月31日遞交。best-selleraproduct,usuallyabook,whichisboughtbylargenumbersofpeople暢銷品；暢銷書nounthebest-sellerlist暢銷書榜best-sellingadjectiveabest-sellingnovel/author暢銷小說；暢銷書作者amazedverysurprised大為驚奇adjective~(at/bysb/sth)~(how/that…)~(tosee,find,learn,etc.)anamazedsilence驚愕得一片默然IwasamazedatherknowledgeofFrenchliterature.她的法國(guó)文學(xué)知識(shí)之豐富使我大為驚奇。Wewereamazedbyhisgenerosity.他的慷慨令我們喜出望外。IwasbangingsoloudlyI'mamazed(that)theydidn'thearme.我把門敲得砰砰響。真奇怪，他們居然沒有聽見。Shewasamazedhowlittlehehadchanged.她驚詫的是他竟然沒怎么改變。Wewereamazedtofindthatnoonewashurt.我們很驚異地發(fā)現(xiàn)竟沒有人受傷。recommendverbtotellsomebodythatsomethingisgoodoruseful,orthatsomebodywouldbesuitableforaparticularjob,etc.推薦；舉薦；介紹VN~sb/sth(tosb)(for/assth)Canyourecommendagoodhotel?你能推薦一家好的飯店嗎？Irecommendthebooktoallmystudents.所有我的學(xué)生，我都向他們推薦這本書。Shewasrecommendedforthepostbyacolleague.她獲得同事推薦到這個(gè)崗位。Thehotel'snewrestaurantcomeshighlyrecommended(=alotofpeoplehavepraisedit).這家酒店的新餐廳得到了人們的普遍贊揚(yáng)。toadviseaparticularcourseofaction;toadvisesomebodytodosomething勸告；建議Thereportrecommendeda10%payincrease.報(bào)告提議工資增加10%。VNarecommendedpriceof$50建議售價(jià)50元Irecommend(that)heseealawyer.我建議他去找個(gè)律師。V(that)Irecommend(that)heshouldseealawyer.我建議他去找個(gè)律師。BritishEnglishItisstronglyrecommendedthatthemachinesshouldbecheckedeveryyear.建議每年一定把機(jī)器檢修一次。VN(that)We'drecommendyoutobookyourflightearly.我們建議你早點(diǎn)兒預(yù)訂航班。VNtoinf.Herecommendedreadingthebookbeforeseeingthemovie.他建議先看這本書，再去看這部電影。V-ingpublisherapersonorcompanythatpreparesandprintsbooks,magazines,newspapersorelectronicproductsandmakesthemavailabletothepublic出版人（或機(jī)構(gòu)）；發(fā)行人（或機(jī)構(gòu)）nounsenioradjectivehighinrankorstatus;higherinrankorstatusthanothers級(jí)別（或地位）高的~(tosb)aseniorofficer/manager/lecturer高級(jí)軍官╱經(jīng)理╱講師Heisseniortome.他的職位比我高。foradultsorpeopleatamoreadvancedlevel成人的；高級(jí)水平的onlybeforenountotakepartinseniorcompetitions參加成人比賽usedafterthenameofamanwhohasthesamenameashisson,toavoidconfusion（父子同名時(shí)，加在父親的名字前）老，大ofaschoolorpartofaschool學(xué)?；蚱渲幸徊糠輋orchildrenovertheageof11or13（招收11或13歲以上學(xué)生的）中等學(xué)校，中學(xué)部onlybeforenounBritishEnglishconnectedwiththelastyearinhighschoolorcollege（高中或大學(xué)）畢業(yè)年級(jí)的onlybeforenounAmericanEnglishnounapersonwhoisolderthansomebodyelse較…年長(zhǎng)的人Mybrotherismyseniorbytwoyears.我哥哥比我大兩歲。juniorapersonwhoishigherinrank