斃考題APP 考試使用斃考題，不用再報(bào)培訓(xùn)班邀請(qǐng)碼：88062012考研英語(yǔ)閱讀真題：考研英語(yǔ)（一）第4篇IfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant.

WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.

In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.

InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.

Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunions’thriving.

First,theycanshutthingsdownwithoutsufferingmuchinthewayofconsequences.

Second,theyaremostlybrightandwell-educated.

AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree.

Third,theynowdominateleft-of-centrepolitics.

Someoftheirtiesgobackalongway.

Britain’sLaborParty,asitsnameimplies,haslongbeenassociatedwithtradeunionism.

Itscurrentleader,EdMiliband,oweshispositiontovotesfrompublic-sectorunions.

Atthestateleveltheirinfluencecanbeevenmorefearsome.

MarkBaldassareofthePublicPolicyInstituteofCaliforniapointsoutthatmuchofthestate’sbudgetispatrolledbyunions.

Theteachers’unionskeepaneyeonschools,theCCPOAonprisonsandavarietyoflaborgroupsonhealthcare.

Inmanyrichcountriesaveragewagesinthestatesectorarehigherthanintheprivateone.

Buttherealgainscomeinbenefitsandworkpractices.

Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,

keepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.

Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,

wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfaceddrawn-outbattles.

Eventhoughthereisplentyofevidencethatthequalityoftheteachersisthemostimportantvariable,

teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodones.

Asthecosttoeveryoneelsehasbecomeclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.

InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicangovernor.

Butmanywithinthepublicsectorsufferunderthecurrentsystem,too.

JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWestern

對(duì)其他每個(gè)人的支出變得更為清晰，政客開始強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行。

在威斯康辛州，工會(huì)集結(jié)了成千上萬(wàn)的支持者，反對(duì)走強(qiáng)硬路線的州長(zhǎng)，即共和黨人ScottWalker。

但很多任職于公共部門的工作人員也在目前的體制下受罪。

哈佛肯尼迪學(xué)院的JohnDonahue指出，西方公務(wù)員系統(tǒng)的文化準(zhǔn)則

適合這些想留在原地過(guò)安逸生活的人們，但并不適合那些表現(xiàn)好的人們。

任職于美國(guó)公共部門的工作人員中，只有大學(xué)體育教練和美國(guó)總統(tǒng)每年的收入遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于250，000美元。

銀行的高收入招致了很多批評(píng)，

但對(duì)于美國(guó)來(lái)講，在公共部門體制中，沒有給表現(xiàn)好的工作人員足夠的回報(bào)可能會(huì)成為更為嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。

重點(diǎn)單詞

thriving[‘θriaivi?]adj.旺盛的;蒸蒸日上的;繁榮的v.興旺

budget[‘b?d?it]n.預(yù)算vt.編預(yù)算，為...做預(yù)算

modest[‘m?dist]adj.謙虛的，適度的，端莊的

fearsome[‘fi?s?m]adj.可怕的;害怕的;極大的

vigorouslyadv.精神旺盛地，活潑地

prime[praim]adj.最初的，首要的，最好的，典型的

charter[‘t?ɑ