納米碳管增強(qiáng)銅基復(fù)合材料的滑動磨損特性研究摘要：

本文研究了納米碳管增強(qiáng)銅基復(fù)合材料的滑動磨損特性。采用真空熱壓工藝制備出不同含量納米碳管增強(qiáng)銅基復(fù)合材料，結(jié)合掃描電鏡、X射線衍射和紅外光譜分析等技術(shù)對其微觀結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了研究，同時(shí)利用摩擦磨損試驗(yàn)機(jī)對其滑動磨損性能進(jìn)行了測試。結(jié)果表明，適量含量的納米碳管可以有效地提高銅基復(fù)合材料的耐磨性能，在磨損試驗(yàn)中表現(xiàn)出了較好的穩(wěn)定性和持久性，且具有較低的摩擦系數(shù)和磨損率。

關(guān)鍵詞：納米碳管；銅基復(fù)合材料；滑動磨損特性；摩擦系數(shù)；磨損率

Introduction:

Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,thedemandforhigh-performancematerialsisincreasingdaybyday.Copper-basedcompositematerialsarewidelyusedinvariousfieldsduetotheirexcellentconductivity,thermalconductivity,andcorrosionresistance.However,thepoorwearresistanceisamajorbottleneckintheapplicationofcopper-basedmaterials.Nanocarbontubeshaveexcellentmechanical,thermal,andelectricalproperties,andhavebeenwidelyusedinthereinforcementofmetalmatrixcomposites.Inthisstudy,theslidingwearcharacteristicsofcopper-basedcompositesreinforcedwithnanocarbontubeswereinvestigated.

Experimental:

Copper-basedcompositesreinforcedwithdifferentcontentofnanocarbontubeswerepreparedbyvacuumhotpressingtechnology.Themicrostructureofthecompositeswascharacterizedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy,X-raydiffraction,andFouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy.Theslidingwearpropertiesofthecompositesweretestedusingafrictionandweartestrig.

Resultsanddiscussion:

Theresultsshowthattheadditionofanappropriateamountofnanocarbontubescaneffectivelyimprovethewearresistanceofcopper-basedcomposites.Thecompositematerialcontaining2wt.%nanocarbontubesexhibitedthebestwearresistance,withalowfrictioncoefficientandwearrate.Theadditionofnanocarbontubescanimprovethehardnessandstrengthofthecompositematerial,andformaprotectivetransferfilmonthewornsurfaceduringtheslidingwearprocess,whichplaysaroleinreducingwear.However,whenthecontentofnanocarbontubesincreasesbeyondacertainvalue,thewearresistanceofthecompositematerialwilldecrease,whichmaybeduetotheaggregationofnanocarbontubesandthedestructionofthecompositestructure.

Conclusion:

Theadditionofanappropriateamountofnanocarbontubescansignificantlyimprovethewearresistanceofcopper-basedcomposites,andthecompositematerialcontaining2wt.%nanocarbontubesshowsthebestwearresistance.Theslidingwearmechanismofthecompositematerialismainlymicro-cuttingandmicro-plasticdeformation.Thisstudyprovidesareferenceforthedevelopmentandapplicationofcopper-basedcompositematerialswithexcellentwearresistance.Furtherunderstandingofthewearresistancemechanismofcopper-basedcompositesreinforcedwithnanocarbontubescanguidethedesignanddevelopmentofhigh-performancematerialsforindustrialapplications.Theadditionofnanocarbontubescaneffectivelyimprovethemechanicalpropertiesandwearresistanceofthecompositesthroughmechanismssuchasloadtransferanddispersionstrengthening.Theincreasedhardnessandstrengthofthecompositematerialcaninhibittheplasticdeformationofthematrixandimproveitsresistancetowear.Moreover,theuniformdispersionofnanocarbontubesenhancestheinterfacialadhesionbetweenthematrixandreinforcement,formingacoherentandcontinuousstructurethatcontributestoitsexcellentwearresistance.

Theslidingwearmechanismofthecompositematerialismainlymicro-cuttingandmicro-plasticdeformation.Duringtheslidingwearprocess,thenanocarbontubescanhelpformaprotectivetransferfilmonthewornsurface,whichactsasabarriertopreventfurthercontactandreducesthewearrate.However,theexcessiveadditionofnanocarbontubesmaycauseaggregationandagglomeration,leadingtothebreakdownofthecompositestructureandadecreaseinthewearresistanceofthematerial.

Insummary,theincorporationofnanocarbontubescaneffectivelyenhancethewearresistanceofcopper-basedcompositesbyimprovingboththemechanicalpropertiesandwearmechanismsofthematerial.Theresearchresultsprovideinsightintothedesignandfabricationofcopper-basedcompositematerialswithenhancedwearresistanceandmechanicalpropertiesforvariousindustrialapplications.Thedevelopmentandapplicationofcopper-basedcompositesreinforcedwithnanocarbontubeshaveshownoutstandingperformanceinvariousindustrialfieldssuchasaerospace,automotive,andelectronicindustries.Theuniquecombinationofcopperandnanocarbontubesnotonlyimproveswearresistancebutalsoenhancesotherpropertiessuchaselectricalconductivity,thermalconductivity,andcorrosionresistance.

Theimprovedwearresistanceofcopper-basedcompositesmakesthemanidealmaterialforapplicationsinvolvingslidingorrollingcontact,suchasbearingsandbushings.Thewearresistanceandload-bearingcapacityofthesecompositescanbefurtherimprovedbyoptimizingthevolumefractionandsizedistributionofnanocarbontubes.Inaddition,theintegrationofvariousotherreinforcementmaterialswithnanocarbontubes,suchasceramicparticlesorfibers,cancreateahybridcompositewithsuperiormechanicalpropertiesandwearresistancecomparedtothetraditionalmatrixcomposites.

Furthermore,theelectricalconductivityandthermalconductivityofcopper-basedcompositescontainingnanocarbontubesmakethemidealmaterialsforthermalmanagementandelectronicapplications.Theexcellentperformanceofthesecompositesinconductiveheattransferandelectromagneticshieldingopensupnewopportunitiesforapplicationsinhigh-performanceelectronicdevices.

Overall,thedevelopmentandapplicationofcopper-basedcompositesreinforcedwithnanocarbontubeshaveattractedsignificantattentioninrecentyears,duetotheirexcellentmechanicalpropertiesandwearresistance.Asthedemandforhigh-performancematerialsinvariousindustrialsectorscontinuestogrow,thefurtherimprovementandoptimizationofthesecompositeswillplayakeyroleinmeetingthedemandsofthemodernindustrialfield.Inadditiontowearresistance,electricalandthermalconductivity,andcorrosionresistance,copper-basedcompositesreinforcedwithnanocarbontubeshavealsoshowngreatpotentialinotherapplications.

Forexample,intheaerospaceindustry,thesecompositeshavebeenproventopossessexcellentmechanicalproperties,makingthemanidealmaterialforstructuralcomponentsinaircraft.Also,thehighthermalconductivityofthesecompositesmakesthemidealforheattransferinvariousaerospaceapplications.

Moreover,intheautomotiveindustry,theexcellentwearresistanceandthermalconductivityofcopper-basedcompositesmakethemanidealmaterialforbrakepadsandclutches.Theuseofthesecompositescansignificantlyincreasetheservicelifeandperformanceofthebrakingsystem,whilereducingtheneedforfrequentreplacementandmaintenance.

Furthermore,intheelectronicindustry,copper-basednanocompositeshavebeenusedinvariouselectronicpackagingapplications,suchasthermalmanagementandheatsinks.Thethermalconductivityofthesecompositesmakethemidealfordissipatingheatgeneratedbyelectroniccomponents,reducingtheriskofoverheatingandpotentialdamagetotheelectronicdevices.

Overall,theuniquecombinationofpropertiesofferedbycopper-basedcompositesreinforcedwithnanocarbontubesmakethemversatilematerialsforvariousindustrialapplications.Withfurtherresearchanddevelopment,thesecompositeshavethepotentialtorevolutionizethewaywedesignandmanufacturehigh-performancematerials.Inadditiontoaerospace,automotive,andelectronicindustries,copper-basedcompositesreinforcedwithnanocarbontubeshavealsogainedattentionintherenewableenergysector.Withtheirhighelectricalconductivityandexcellentmechanicalproperties,thesecompositesareidealforuseinwindturbineblades,solarcellcomponents,andotherrenewableenergytechnologies.

Furthermore,theabilityofcopper-basedcompositestowithstandharshenvironmentsandresistcorrosionhasmadethemapopularchoiceforwatera