2022-2023年衛(wèi)生類(lèi)-衛(wèi)生(B)考試題庫(kù)答案+詳解（圖片大小可任意調(diào)節(jié)）第I卷一.全考點(diǎn)押密題庫(kù)(共15題)1.共用題干1.Istheresomethingseriouslywrongwithmarriagetoday?Duringthepast50years,therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded:almost50%ofmarriagesendindivorcenow,andtheevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse.Ifthistrendcontinues,itwillleadtothebreakupofthefamily,accordingtoaspokespersonfortheNationalFamilyAssociation.Somefuturistspredictthatin100years,theaverageAmericanwillmarryatleastfourtimes,andextramarital（婚外的）affairswillbeevenmorecommonthantheyarenow.2.Butwhatarethereasonsforthis,andisthepicturereallysogloomy?Theanswertothefirstquestionisreallyquitesimple:marriageisnolongerthenecessityitoncewas.Theinstitutionofmarriagehasbeenbasedforyearspartlyoneconomicneed.Womenusedtobeeconomicallydependentontheirhusbands.Butwiththerisingnumberofwomeninwell-payingjobs,thisisnoiongerthecase.Sotheydon'tfeelthattheyneedtostayinafailingmarriage.3.Inanswertothesecondquestion,theoutlookmaynotbeaspessimisticasitseems.Whiletherateofdivorcehasrisen,therateofcouplesmarryinghasneveractuallyfallenverymuch,somarriageisstillquitepopular.Inadditiontothis,manycouplesnowsimplylivetogetheranddon'tbothertomarry.Thesecouplesareeffectivelymarried,buttheydonotappearineitherthemarriageordivorcestatistics.Infact,morethan50%offirstmarriagessurvive.4.Soismarriagereallyanoutdatedinstitution?Thefactthatmostpeoplestillgetmarriedmndicatesthatitisn't.Anditisalsotruethatmarriedcoupleshaveahealthierlifethansinglepeople:theysufferlessfromstressanditsconsequencessuchasheartproblems,andmarriedmengenerallyconsiderthemselvesmorecontentedthantheirsinglecounterparts.Perhapsthekeyistofindoutwhatmakesasuccessfulmarriageandapplyittoallofourrelationships!ThedivorcerateintheU.S.isgoingtobe_________.A:womenarenoteconomicallydependantanymoreB:morethan50%C:morecontentedD:findsoutthekeytoahappymarriageandapplyittoourrelationshipE:almost50%F:womennolongerneedahusbandanylonger2.Theseanimalsmigratesouthannuallyinsearchoffood.A:exploreB:inhabitC:preferD:travel3.Theythoughthisbehaviorwasabnormal.A:badB:frighteningC:repeatedD:unusual4.共用題干WarmPeopleLikelytoKeepColdatBayStayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainstgettingill,newstudyfindingssuggest.Inanexperimentthatexposedhealthyvolunteerstoacoldorfluvirus,researchersfoundthatpeoplewithagenerallysunnydispositionwerelesslikelytofallill.Thefindings,publishedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicine,buildonevidencethata"positiveemotionalstyle"canhelpwardoffthecommoncoldandotherillnesses.Researchersbelievethereasonsmaybebothobjectiveasinhappinessboostingimmunefunctionandsubjectiveasinhappypeoplebeinglesstroubledbyascratchythroatorrunnynose?"Peoplewithapositiveemotionalstylemayhavedifferentimmuneresponsestothevirus,"explainedleadstudyauthorDrSheldonCohenofCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh."Andwhentheydogetacold,theymayinterprettheirillnessasbeinglesssevere."Cohenandhiscolleagueshadfoundinapreviousstudythathappierpeopleseemedlesssusceptibletocatchingacold,butsomequestionsremainedastowhethertheemotionaltraititselfhadtheeffect.Forthenewstudy,theresearchershad193healthyadultscompletestandardmeasuresofpersonalitytraits,self-perceivedhealthandemotional"style".Thosewhotendedtobehappy,energeticandeasy-goingwerejudgedashavingapositiveemotionalstyle,whilethosewhowereoftenunhappy,tenseandhostilehadanegativestyle.Theresearchersgavethemnasaldropscontainingeitheracoldvirusoraparticularfluvirus.Overthenextsixdays,thevolunteersreportedonanyaches,pains,sneezingorcongestiontheyhad,whiletheresearcherscollectedobjectivedata,likedailymucusproduction.Cohenandhiscolleaguesfoundthatbasedonobjectivemeasuresofnasalwoes,happypeoplewerelesslikelytodevelopacold.Theresearcherschose193adultswhohadanegativestyleforthestudy.A:RightB:WrongC:Notmentioned5.We'reenteringanewphaseininternationalrelations.A:phrase B:stageC:point D:state6.共用題干AIDSTheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysasmanyas10millionpersonsworldwidemayhavethevirusthatcausesAIDS（艾滋?。?Expertsbelieveabout350,000personshavethedisease.Andonemillionmoremaygetitinthenextfiveyears.IntheUnitedStates,about50,000personshavediedwithAIDS.Thecountry'stopmedicalofficialsaysmorethan90percentofallAmericanswhohadtheAIDSvirusfiveyearsagoaredead.ThereisnocureforAIDSandnovaccine（疫苗）ormedicinetopreventit.However,researchersknowmuchmoreaboutAIDSthantheydid」ustafewyearsago.WenowknowthatAIDSiscausedbyavirus.Thevirusinvadeshealthycells,includingwhitebloodcellsthatarepartofourdefensesystemagainstdisease.Ittakescontrolofthehealthycell'sgeneticmaterialandforcesthecelltomakeacopyofthevirus.Thecellthendies.Andthevirus-causedparticlesmoveontoinvadeandkillmorehealthycells.TheAIDSvirusiscarriedinaperson'sbodyfluids.Theviruscanbepassedsexuallyorbysharinginstrumentsusedtotakeintravenous（進(jìn)入靜脈的）drugs.ItalsocanbepassedinbloodproductsorfromapregnantwomanwithAIDStoherdevelopingbaby.ManystoriesaboutthespreadofAIDSarefalse.YoucannotgetAIDSbyworkingorattendingschoolwithsomeonewhohasthedisease.Youcannotgetitbytouchingdrinkingglassesorotherobjectsusedbysuchpersons.ExpertssaynoonehasgottenAIDSbylivingwith,caringforortouchinganAIDSpatient.MenaremoreeasilyinfectedwithAIDSthanwomen.A:Right B:Wrong C:Notmentioned7.共用題干SomeSchoolingonBackpacksAccordingtotheU.S.ConsumerProductSafetyCommission,5,900kidsweretreatedathospitalemergencyrooms,clinics,anddoctors'officeslastyearforsprains（扭傷）andstrainscausedbybackpacks.Suchinjuriesaresowidespreadthatmorethan70percentofphysicians'surveyedbytheAmericanAcademyofOrthopedic（整形外科的）Surgeonslistedbackpacksasapotentialclinicalproblemforchildren.Howdoyouavoidsuchproblems?Choosebagsthathavewide,paddedstraps（有墊的背帶）andabelt.Thatwillhelptransfersomeoftheweightfromthebackandshoulderstothehips.Youshouldalsotightenbothstrapsfirmly,sothepackrestsabout2inchesaboveyourwaist.Also,remembertopackyourbagwiththeheaviestitemsclosesttoyourbackandtobendbothkneeswhenyoupickitup.Howmuchshouldyoustuffintoyourpack?Thatdependsonyoursizeandstrength,butageneralruleisnottoexceed20percentofyourbodyweight.Soifachildweighs100pounds,thebackpackanditsloadshouldnotbemorethan20pounds.Onehint:Makefrequenttripstoyourlocker（儲(chǔ)物柜）toexchangebooksbetweenclasses.Backpackswithwheelsletyoupulltheweightalongtheground,buttheyhaveproblemstoo.Manyarelargerthantheaverageshoulderbag,sostudentsaretemptedtocarrymorethantheywouldinaconventionalpack.Rollerbagsoftendon'tfitintoalocker.Theycanalsoleadtotrippingandfallsincrowdedhalls.Whateveryouuse,10or15minutesofstretchingandbackstrengtheningisagoodidea.Childrenshouldputallthebooksintheirlockers.A:RightB:WrongC:Notmentioned8.共用題干Influenza（流感）Influenzahasbeenwithusalongtime.AccordingtosomeGreekwriters___1___medicalhistory,theoutbreakof412B.C.wasofinfluenza.Thesamehasbeensuggestedofthesickness___2___sweptthroughtheGreekarmyattackingSyracusein395B.C.Influenzaisadiseasethatmovesmostquick-lyamongpeoplelivingin___3___conditions,hence,itislikelytoattackarmies.___4___thenineteenthcenturytherewerefivewidespreadoutbreaksofinfluenza.Thelastofthefive___5___in1889andmarkedthebeginningofthestoryofinfluenzainourtime.___6___therecentoutbreak,itstartedinAsia.Formorethanfortyyearsbeforethatoutbreak,influenzahadsteadily___7___andwasbe-lievedtobedyingout.Anewgroupofoutbreakswas___8___bythegreatoutbreakof1889一1890andforthenextquarterofacenturyinfluenzaremainedaconstantthreat.InApril1918influenzabrokeoutamongAmericantroopsstationedinFrance.Itquicklyspreadthroughallthe___9___butcausedrelativelyfewdeaths.Fourmonthslater,however,asecondoutbreakstartedwhich___10___tobeakiller.Itkillednotonlytheoldandalreadysickbutalsohealthyyoungadults.It___11___througheverycountryintheworld,onlyafewdistantislandsintheSouthAtlanticandthePacificremaining___12___.Itbroughtthelifeofwholecountriestostop,food___13___stoppedandworklosswasverygreat.Beforethegreatoutbreakended,ithadkilledat___14___15millionpeople.Thereafter,therehavebeenseveralgreatoutbreaksthroughouttheworld.Itisthus___15___thatinfluenzaisaterribleinfectionthatwehavetopaymoreattentionto.9._________A:villagersB:farmersC:enemiesD:armies9.Theyboughtthelandinordertobuildanewofficeblock.A:withapurposetoB:withaviewtoC:withagoaltoD:withareasonto10.Mostbabiescantakeinawiderangeoffoodeasily.A:bringB:digestC:keepD:serve11.Atthemeetingbothsidesexchangedtheirviewsonawidescopeoftopicstheywereinterest-edin.A:extentB:numberC:collectionD:range12.共用題干TinyInvadersThehumanbodyistrulyamazing.Itallowsustosensetheworldaroundus,todoworkandhavefun,andtomovefromplacetoplace.Infact,thehumanbodydoesitsworksowellthatmostpeopledon'tthinkaboutitverymuch一untiltheygetsick.Thegerms（致病菌）thatmakepeoplesickareeverywhere.Youcan'tseethem,butthey'rethere.They'resittingonyourdesk.They'rehidingonyourcomputer'skeyboard.They'reevenintheairthatyouarebreathing.Therearetwotypesofgerms:virusesandbacteria（細(xì)菌）.Virusesaregermsthatcanonlyliveinsideanimalsorplants.Virusescauseillnessessuchasfluandmeasles（麻疹）.Bacteriaaretinycreatures.Somebacteriaaregood.Theycanhelpyourstomachbreakdownfood.Otherbacteriaaren'tsogood.Theycanmakeyousick.Bacteriacancausesorethroats（喉痛）andearinfections.Howcanyoustopthesetinyinvadersfrommakingyousick?Yourskinisthefirstdefenseagainstgerms.Youcanpreventsomeillnessessimplybywashing,withsoapandwater.Butgermscanstillenterthebodythroughsmallcutsintheskinorthroughthemouth,eyes,andnose.Oncegermsareinsideyourbody,yourimmune（免疫的）systemtriestoprotectyou.Itlooksforanddestroysgerms.Howdoesitdothat?Specialcellspatrolyourbody.Someofthesecellsactuallyeatgerms!Othercellsmakeantibodies.Anantibodystickstoagerm.Thereisadifferentantibodyforeachkindofgerm.Someantibodieskeepgermsfrommakingyousick.Othershelpyourbodyfindandkillgerms.Afteragermisdestroyed,theantibodiesstayinyourbody.Theyprotectyouifthesamekindofgermcomesback.Thatwayyouwillnotgetthesameillnesstwice.Youcankeepyourbodyhealthybyeatinganutritious（有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的）diettomakeyourimmunesystemstrong.Youcanalsohelpyourimmunesystemfightgermsbygettingvaccinated（接種）.Vaccinesaremedicines.Theycontaingermsthathavebeenkilledorweakened.Thedeadgermscan'tmakeyousick.Instead,theycauseyourbodytomakeantibodies.Ifthesamegermevershowsupagain,thenyourantibodiesattackit.Theheartcontainsthebody'sstrongestmuscle.A:RightB:WrongC:Notmentioned13.共用題干1.Allresearchtodateonbodyimageshowsthatwomenaremuchmorecriticaloftheirappearancethanmenandmuchlesslikelytoadmirewhattheyseeinthemirror.Upto8outof10womenaredissatisfiedwiththeirreflection,andmorethanhalfmayseeadistortedimage.2.Menlookinginthemirroraremorelikelytobeeitherpleasedwithwhattheyseeorindifferent.Researchshowsthatmengenerallyhaveamuchmorepositivebody-imagethanwomen一ifanything,theymaytendtoover-estimatetheirattractiveness.Somemenlookinginthemirrormayliterallynotseetheflawsintheirappearance.3.Whyarewomentoomuchmoreself-criticalthanmen?Becausewomenarejudgedontheirappearancemorethanmen,andstandardsoffemalebeautyareconsiderablyhigherandmoreinflexible.Womenarecontinuallybombardedwithimagesoftheinflexible.Womenarecontinuallybombardedwithimagesofthe"ideal"face.AndconstantexposuretoidealizedimagesoffemalebeautyonTV,magazinesandbillboardsmakesexceptionalgoodlooksseemnormalandanythingshortofperfectionseemabnormalandugly.Ithasbeenestimatedthatyoungwomennowseemoreimagesofoutstandinglybeautifulwomeninonedaythanourmotherssawthroughouttheirentireadolescence.4.Also,mostwomenaretryingtoachievetheimpossible:standardsoffemalebeautyhaveinfactbecomeprogressivelymoreunrealisticduringthelastcentury.In1917,thephysicallyperfectwomanwasabout5feet4inchestallandweighednearly10stone（約140磅）.Even25yearsago,topmodelsandbeautyqueensweighedonly8%lessthantheaveragewoman,nowtheyweigh23%less.Thecurrentmediaidealforwomenisachievablebylessthan5%ofthefemalepopulation一andthat'sjustintermsofweightandsize.Ifyouwanttheidealshape,face,etc,it'sprobablymorelike1%.Paragraph2_________A:Howdomenviewtheirappearance?B:Howcanwomenmakethemselvesmorebeautiful?C:Whydomenandwomenviewtheirappearancedifferently?D:Isitpossibleforwomentomeetthestandardsofperfectbeauty?E:Howdopeoplejudgewomenandmen?F:Howdowomenviewtheirappearance?14.Maineisjustlyfamousforitsbeautifullakesandponds.A:onlyB:rightfullyC:legallyD:simply15.共用題干TinyInvadersThehumanbodyistrulyamazing.Itallowsustosensetheworldaroundus,todoworkandhavefun,andtomovefromplacetoplace.Infact,thehumanbodydoesitsworksowellthatmostpeopledon'tthinkaboutitverymuch一untiltheygetsick.Thegerms（致病菌）thatmakepeoplesickareeverywhere.Youcan'tseethem,butthey'rethere.They'resittingonyourdesk.They'rehidingonyourcomputer'skeyboard.They'reevenintheairthatyouarebreathing.Therearetwotypesofgerms:virusesandbacteria（細(xì)菌）.Virusesaregermsthatcanonlyliveinsideanimalsorplants.Virusescauseillnessessuchasfluandmeasles（麻疹）.Bacteriaaretinycreatures.Somebacteriaaregood.Theycanhelpyourstomachbreakdownfood.Otherbacteriaaren'tsogood.Theycanmakeyousick.Bacteriacancausesorethroats（喉痛）andearinfections.Howcanyoustopthesetinyinvadersfrommakingyousick?Yourskinisthefirstdefenseagainstgerms.Youcanpreventsomeillnessessimplybywashing,withsoapandwater.Butgermscanstillenterthebodythroughsmallcutsintheskinorthroughthemouth,eyes,andnose.Oncegermsareinsideyourbody,yourimmune（免疫的）systemtriestoprotectyou.Itlooksforanddestroysgerms.Howdoesitdothat?Specialcellspatrolyourbody.Someofthesecellsactuallyeatgerms!Othercellsmakeantibodies.Anantibodystickstoagerm.Thereisadifferentantibodyforeachkindofgerm.Someantibodieskeepgermsfrommakingyousick.Othershelpyourbodyfindandkillgerms.Afteragermisdestroyed,theantibodiesstayinyourbody.Theyprotectyouifthesamekindofgermcomesback.Thatwayyouwillnotgetthesameillnesstwice.Youcankeepyourbodyhealthybyeatinganutritious（有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的）diettomakeyourimmunesystemstrong.Youcanalsohelpyourimmunesystemfightgermsbygettingvaccinated（接種）.Vaccinesaremedicines.Theycontaingermsthathavebeenkilledorweakened.Thedeadgermscan'tmakeyousick.Instead,theycauseyourbodytomakeantibodies.Ifthesamegermevershowsupagain,thenyourantibodiesattackit.Germscanenterthebodythroughtheeyes.A:RightB:WrongC:Notmentioned第I卷參考答案一.全考點(diǎn)押密題庫(kù)1.答案：B解析：本題考查的是對(duì)所讀材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段主要講的是美國(guó)目前的婚姻狀況以及未來(lái)婚姻狀況看似灰暗的前景。本題考查的是對(duì)所讀材料的大意和主旨的掌握。依據(jù)第二段第一、二句可知，本段主要講的是離婚率升高的原因。本題考查的是對(duì)所讀材料的大意和主旨的掌握。結(jié)合第二段第一句和第三段第一句可知，本段主要講的是為什么婚姻前景并不像看上去的那么黯淡的原因。本題考查的是對(duì)所讀材料的大意和主旨的掌握。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，本段主要講的是婚姻會(huì)繼續(xù)存在的原因。本題考查的是時(shí)闡述文章的主旨事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)的了解。依據(jù)是第一段第二句：…almost50%ofmarriagesendindivorcenow,andtheevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse．在過(guò)去50年期間，美國(guó)的離婚率急劇升高，今天幾乎一半的婚姻以離婚而告終，有證據(jù)表明今后情況會(huì)更糟。本題考查的是對(duì)闡述文章的主旨事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)的了解。依據(jù)是第二段第二、四、五句：Theanswertothefirstquestionisreallyquitesimple:marriageisnolongerthenecessityitoncewas．…Womenusedtobeeconomicallydependentontheirhusbands.Butwiththerisingnumberofwomeninwell-payingjobs,thisisnolongerthecase．第一個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案非常簡(jiǎn)單：婚姻不再像以前那樣有必要?！ぁぁぁぁぁづ赃^(guò)去通常在經(jīng)濟(jì)上依賴(lài)她們的丈夫，但是隨著越來(lái)越多的女性從事薪水不菲的工作，情況早已改變。本題考查的是對(duì)闡述文章的主旨事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)的了解。依據(jù)是第四段倒數(shù)第二句：...marriedmengenerallyconsiderthemselvesmorecontentedthantheirsinglecounterparts.已婚男士通常覺(jué)得自己比他們同齡單身的男士更滿足。本題考查的是對(duì)闡述文章的主旨事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)的了解。依據(jù)是最后一句：Perhapsthekeyistofindoutwhatmakesasuccessfulmarriageandapplyittoallofourrelationships！也許關(guān)鍵是找出成功婚姻的秘訣，然后將其應(yīng)用于我們所有人的婚姻關(guān)系中。2.答案：D解析：本句意思：這些動(dòng)物為了尋找食物每年都向南方遷徙。migrate意思是“遷徙，移棲”，與travel（旅行，行進(jìn)）意思相近。explore勘查，考察；inhabit（動(dòng)物或人）居住于（某地）;prefer更喜歡。3.答案：D解析：本句意思：他們認(rèn)為他的行為不正常。abnormal意思是“反常的，異常的”，與unusual(不平常的，與眾不同的）意思相近。bad壞的，不好的；frightening令人恐懼的，嚇人的；repeated再三的，反復(fù)的。4.答案：B解析：由文章第一段第二句的后半部分“…researchersfoundthatpeoplewithagenerallysunnydispositionwerelesslikelytofallill.”可知，性格陽(yáng)光的人不太容易生病，但不是對(duì)疾病免疫。由文章第四段，"…h(huán)appierpeopleseemedlesssusceptibletocatchingacold…”可知，快樂(lè)的人更不易感冒。由文章第六段最后一句可知，科恩和同事根據(jù)由鼻涕化驗(yàn)結(jié)果而得出的客觀的測(cè)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)而非主觀測(cè)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，樂(lè)觀的人患感冒的幾率更小。由文章第五段第二句可知，這些研究對(duì)象中既包括積極樂(lè)觀的人，也包括悲觀的人。由文章第二段第一句可知，積極的情緒類(lèi)型有助于預(yù)防感冒和其他疾病。由文章第二段第二句可知，研究者相信快樂(lè)能夠增強(qiáng)人的免疫系統(tǒng)。文章中并未提及家庭和個(gè)人情緒類(lèi)型的關(guān)系，因此本題答案為C。5.答案：B解析：我們?cè)趪?guó)際關(guān)系方面正步入新的階段。stage“階段”，例如：atanearlystageinourhistory在我們歷史發(fā)展的早期。phrase"短語(yǔ)，詞組”，例如：That'sexactlythephraseIwaslookingformyself．這就是我一直找的那個(gè)成語(yǔ)。point“尖端，要點(diǎn)，觀點(diǎn)”，例如：Variouscommitteemembersmadeinterestingpoints．許多委員提出了令人關(guān)注的意見(jiàn)。state“狀態(tài)，國(guó)家”，例如：apoorstateofhealth健康欠佳。只有stage意思上和phas。最接近。6.答案：C7.答案：B解析：由文章第一段第一句可知，根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，去年美國(guó)有5900個(gè)孩子因?yàn)橛杀硯?shū)包引起的扭傷及拉傷而接受治療。故題干表述正確。文章第一段最后一句中關(guān)于此處的表述背景是在美國(guó)，而題干中是英國(guó)，并且此處的70%指的是占接受調(diào)查醫(yī)生總數(shù)中的比例。故題干描述錯(cuò)誤。由文章第二段第二句和第三句可知，選擇一個(gè)帶有寬背帶墊和腰帶的背包有助于把背包的一部分重量從肩部和背部轉(zhuǎn)移分擔(dān)到臀部。由文章第三段第三句可知，如果一個(gè)孩子體重為一百磅，那么他的背包負(fù)重不應(yīng)超過(guò)20磅。由文章第三段最后一句可知，文章給出的建議是經(jīng)常去儲(chǔ)物柜調(diào)換不同科目用的課本，而不是將所有的課本都放人儲(chǔ)物柜里。文章第四段第二句中提到很多拉桿式書(shū)包比普通的帶肩帶背包要大，但并未提到其重量。由文章最后一段最后一句可知，10到15分鐘的拉伸和背部強(qiáng)化鍛煉會(huì)是很不錯(cuò)的方法。故題干描述正確。8.答案：D解析：文中“AccordingtosomeGreekwriters”（根據(jù)一些希臘作家）和“medicalhistory（醫(yī)學(xué)歷史）”，很明顯應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)on關(guān)于……，論述……。B項(xiàng)by通過(guò)；C項(xiàng)to（方向，程度、范圍）到和D項(xiàng)with帶有，均不符合要求。文中“…thesickness（疾病——指大流感）”；“sweptthrough（起謂語(yǔ)作用）,（席卷）”。從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)看，這說(shuō)明選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是“關(guān)系代詞”，并作sweptthrough的“主語(yǔ)”。根據(jù)給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)where用于修飾地點(diǎn)的詞，不能作主語(yǔ)；B項(xiàng)why用于修飾原因的詞，不能作主語(yǔ)；C項(xiàng)who用于修飾表示人的詞，故這三項(xiàng)都不可取。只有D項(xiàng)的that指代物，作主語(yǔ)正合適。文中“peoplelivingin（生活在……的人們）”和“conditions（狀況）”來(lái)看可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，people(living)incrowdedconditions經(jīng)常使用，意思是：“擁擠（群聚）的人群”，很明顯應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)crowded擁擠的，擠滿人的。A項(xiàng)local當(dāng)?shù)氐?；B項(xiàng)good好的和C項(xiàng)rich富有的，都不合適。根據(jù)文中“thenineteenthCenturytherewerefive…influenza(19世紀(jì)5次……大流感）,”很明顯應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)during在……期間。A項(xiàng)since自從；B項(xiàng)among在多個(gè)當(dāng)中和D項(xiàng)for表示時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度，均不符合要求。結(jié)合文中“Thelastofthefive(5次中的最后1次）”和“in1889”，很明顯應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)happened發(fā)生。A項(xiàng)changed改變；B項(xiàng)stopped停止和C項(xiàng)suffered遭受，都不合要求。文中“therecentoutbreak,itstartedinAsia.（最近一次大爆發(fā)，它始于亞洲。）”，很明顯應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)Like像。A項(xiàng)As（同……）一樣，同樣；作為；C項(xiàng)Along沿著和D項(xiàng)Before在……之前，均合要求。文中“…influenzahadsteadily（……流感正穩(wěn)步）”和“…tobedyingout(……正在消失）”，很明顯（在消失之前）應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)decreased下降。A項(xiàng)increased增加；C項(xiàng)interrupted中斷和D項(xiàng)kept保持，均不合要求。文中“Anewgroupofoutbreakswas（新一輪疫情爆發(fā)）”和“bythetreatoutbreakof1889-1890(1889-1890年的大爆發(fā)）”，很明顯應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)introduced引起。A項(xiàng)controlled控制；B項(xiàng)prevented預(yù)防和C項(xiàng)reported報(bào)道，均不符合要求。文中“Americantroops（美國(guó)軍隊(duì)）”，可判斷應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)armies軍隊(duì)。A項(xiàng)villagers村民；B項(xiàng)farmers農(nóng)民和D項(xiàng)enemies敵人，均不合乎要求。文中“which（關(guān)系代詞，指代第二次大流感，作主語(yǔ)）”和“tobeakiller（是一個(gè)真正的殺手）”，很明顯應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)proved證實(shí)。A項(xiàng)ceased終止；C項(xiàng)wanted想要和D項(xiàng)failed失敗，均不符合要求。文中“througheverycountryintheworld”可提示我們gothrough是一個(gè)固定搭配，意思是：“通過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)；經(jīng)歷，遭受”，很明顯應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)went通過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)。B項(xiàng)got得到；C項(xiàng)put放和D項(xiàng)looked看，均不符合要求。文中“…onlyafewdistantislands...remaining(…只有……幾個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的小島依然）”，很明顯選B項(xiàng)untouched沒(méi)有碰到。A項(xiàng)uncounted沒(méi)有數(shù)過(guò)的；C項(xiàng)unused未用過(guò)的和D項(xiàng)unchanged沒(méi)有變化的，均不符合要求。文中“...thelife...stopfood(……生活……中斷，食品）”和右邊：“stoppedandworkloss（中斷和失業(yè)嚴(yán)重）”，很明顯應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)supplies供應(yīng)。A項(xiàng)sources資源；C項(xiàng)shortage短缺和D項(xiàng)purchases購(gòu)買(mǎi)，均不符合要求。文中“...killedat（死亡）”和右邊：“15millionpeople(1,500萬(wàn)人）”，很明顯應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)（at)least至少。A項(xiàng)（at)last最后；B項(xiàng)（at)most至多和D項(xiàng)（at)all全然；究竟，均不符合要求。文中“Itisthusthat....”It是形式主語(yǔ)，由that引出的從句作實(shí)際主語(yǔ)。在從句中，influenza（流感）,aterribleinfection（可怕的傳染?。?paymoreattention（更加注意）。參照四個(gè)選項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)strange奇怪；B項(xiàng)impossible不可能；C項(xiàng)clear顯而易見(jiàn)；D項(xiàng)wise聰明，很明顯應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。9.答案：A解析：句意：他們買(mǎi)下這塊地就是為了蓋一幢寫(xiě)字樓。purpose：目的、意圖，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：withapurposetodosth．最符合題意，view：觀點(diǎn)，goal：目標(biāo)，reason：原因。10.答案：B解析：本句意思：多數(shù)嬰）匕能攝人許多不同的食物。單詞digest意思為“消化，吸收”，和takein（吸收，吸入）接近。單詞bring意思為“帶來(lái)”;keep意思為“保持”;serve意思為“服務(wù)”。11.答案：D解析：句意：會(huì)議上雙方就感興趣的許多話題交換了意見(jiàn)。extent：程度，number：數(shù)量，collection：收藏、系列,range：范圍，最符合題意。12.答案：C解析：由文章第二段的第七句“Virusesaregennsthatcanonlyliveinsideanimalsorplants.”可知，病毒只能生存在動(dòng)植物體內(nèi)，故選B。由第二段內(nèi)容可知，致病菌有兩種：一種是細(xì)菌；一種是病毒。病毒會(huì)致病，但有一部分細(xì)菌是良性的，故選B。由文章第三段第三句“Youcanpreventsomeillnessessimplybywashing,withsoapandwater.”可知，通過(guò)用水打上肥皂清洗皮膚可以預(yù)防一些疾病，故選A。由文章第三段最后一句中“germscanstillenterthebodythrough...eyesandnose”可知，致病菌可以通過(guò)傷口、口、眼、鼻等進(jìn)人人體，故選A。文章并未提及心臟含有人體最強(qiáng)健的肌肉，故選C。由文章第四段倒數(shù)第三句“Afteragermisdestroyed,theantibodiesstayinyourbody.”可知，在毀掉致病菌以后，抗體會(huì)留在人體中，故選A。由文章最后一段內(nèi)容可知，疫苗是接種到人體中用以抵抗致病菌的；疫苗是一種藥物，故選B。第3部分：概括大意與完成句子13.答案：A解析：本題考查的是對(duì)所讀材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段主要講的是女性對(duì)自己的外貌持挑剔態(tài)度。本題考查的是對(duì)所讀材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段主要講的是和女性相比，男性對(duì)自己的外貌更為肯定和自信。本題考查的是對(duì)所讀材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段主要講的是男女之所以對(duì)自己的外貌會(huì)有如此不同看法的原因。該段第一句即為主題句。本題考查的是對(duì)所讀材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段主要講的是想成為一位不論是身材還是臉蛋都很“完美”的女性的概率非常之小。該段第一句是本段的主題句。本題考查的是對(duì)闡述文章的主旨事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)的了解。依據(jù)是第二段最后一句：Somemenlookinginthemirrormayliterallynotseetheflawsintheirappearance．有些男性照鏡子時(shí)甚至看不到自己外貌中的瑕疵。本題考查的是對(duì)闡述文章的主旨事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)的了解。依據(jù)是第三段第二句：Becausewomenarejudgedontheirappearancemorethanmen,andstandardsoffemalebeautyareconsiderablyhigherandmoreinflexible．因?yàn)楹湍行韵啾龋藗兏嗟氖怯猛獗韥?lái)對(duì)女性進(jìn)行判斷，女性美的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也更高，更為恒定不變。本題考查的是對(duì)闡述文章的主旨事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)的了解。依據(jù)是第四段第一句：Also,mostwomenaretryingtoachievetheimpossible:standardsoffemalebeautyhaveinfactbecomeprogressivelymoreunrealisticduringthelastcentury．再者，大多數(shù)女性努力想要實(shí)現(xiàn)不可能的事情：女性美的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)際上在上個(gè)世紀(jì)已將變得越來(lái)越不切實(shí)際。本題考查的是對(duì)闡述文章的主旨事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)的了解。依據(jù)是最后一段最后一句：Ifyouwanttheidealshape,face,etc,it'sprobablymorelike1%.14.答案：B解析：本句意思：緬因州以其美麗的湖泊而聞名是名副其實(shí)的。justly意思是“應(yīng)得地，公正地”，和rightfully（正當(dāng)?shù)?，恰?dāng)?shù)兀┮馑枷嘟?。only僅有，只有；legally合法地，法律上；simply簡(jiǎn)單地。15.答案：A解析：由文章第二段的第七句“Virusesaregennsthatcanonlyliveinsideanimalsorplants.”可知，病毒只能生存在動(dòng)植物體內(nèi)，故選B。由第二段內(nèi)容可知，致病菌有兩種：一種是細(xì)菌；一種是病毒。病毒會(huì)致病，但有一部分細(xì)菌是良性的，故選B。由文章第三段第三句“Youcanpreventsomeillnessessimplybywashing,withsoapandwater.”可知，通過(guò)用水打上肥皂清洗皮膚可以預(yù)防一些疾病，故選A。由文章第三段最后一句中“germscanstillenterthebodythrough...eyesandnose”可知，致病菌可以通過(guò)傷口、口、眼、鼻等進(jìn)人人體，故選A。文章并未提及心臟含有人體最強(qiáng)健的肌肉，故選C。由文章第四段倒數(shù)第三句“Afteragermisdestroyed,theantibodiesstayinyourbody.”可知，在毀掉致病菌以后，抗體會(huì)留在人體中，故選A。由文章最后一段內(nèi)容可知，疫苗是接種到人體中用以抵抗致病菌的；疫苗是一種藥物，故選B。第3部分：概括大意與完成句子第II卷一.全考點(diǎn)押密題庫(kù)(共15題)1.Everyonesaidhewasadecentsortofguy.A:honestB:richC:good-lookingD:high-ranking2.共用題干Influenza（流感）Influenzahasbeenwithusalongtime.AccordingtosomeGreekwriters___1___medicalhistory,theoutbreakof412B.C.wasofinfluenza.Thesamehasbeensuggestedofthesickness___2___sweptthroughtheGreekarmyattackingSyracusein395B.C.Influenzaisadiseasethatmovesmostquick-lyamongpeoplelivingin___3___conditions,hence,itislikelytoattackarmies.___4___thenineteenthcenturytherewerefivewidespreadoutbreaksofinfluenza.Thelastofthefive___5___in1889andmarkedthebeginningofthestoryofinfluenzainourtime.___6___therecentoutbreak,itstartedinAsia.Formorethanfortyyearsbeforethatoutbreak,influenzahadsteadily___7___andwasbe-lievedtobedyingout.Anewgroupofoutbreakswas___8___bythegreatoutbreakof1889一1890andforthenextquarterofacenturyinfluenzaremainedaconstantthreat.InApril1918influenzabrokeoutamongAmericantroopsstationedinFrance.Itquicklyspreadthroughallthe___9___butcausedrelativelyfewdeaths.Fourmonthslater,however,asecondoutbreakstartedwhich___10___tobeakiller.Itkillednotonlytheoldandalreadysickbutalsohealthyyoungadults.It___11___througheverycountryintheworld,onlyafewdistantislandsintheSouthAtlanticandthePacificremaining___12___.Itbroughtthelifeofwholecountriestostop,food___13___stoppedandworklosswasverygreat.Beforethegreatoutbreakended,ithadkilledat___14___15millionpeople.Thereafter,therehavebeenseveralgreatoutbreaksthroughouttheworld.Itisthus___15___thatinfluenzaisaterribleinfectionthatwehavetopaymoreattentionto.8._________A:controlledB:preventedC:reportedD:introduced3.Hedraftedastandardlettertotheeditors.A:clarifiedB:formulatedC:revisedD:contributed4.共用題干EnergizeYourselfandYourFamilyBeinghealthyandactivecanhelpgiveyoutheenergytokeepupwiththedemandsofyourbusylife,takebettercareofyourseff,andbethereforthepeoplewhodependonyou.Ifyouareoverweightandinactive,youaremorelikelytogetType2diabetes,heartdisease,highbloodpressure,strokeandcertainformsofcancer.Youmayimproveyourhealthifyoumovemoreandeatbetter!Herearesometipsonhowtogetmovingandeatwellevenwhenyourlifeisbusy.Trytodoatleast30minutesofmoderate-intensityphysicalactivity(likebriskwalking)onmostdaysoftheweek.Itisnotashardasyoumaythink,andyoudonothavetodothewhole30minutesatonetime.Giveupthetypicalexcusesuchas"Idon'thavetimeforphysicalactivity".Youcan"sneak"itintoyourday,afewminutesatatime.Getstartedbymakingsmallchangesinyourdailyroutine,forexample,getoffthebusorsubwayonestopearlyandwalktherestoftheway.Youdonothavetodoyourentireworkoutinoneblockoftime.Breakitup一takingthree10-minutewalksduringyourdaymaybeeasierthantakingone30-minutewalk.Physicalactivitiesdonothavetobechores.Youcanmakethemfun.Dothingsyouenjoy,likewalking,dancing,swimming,orplayingsports.Walkortakeanexerciseclasswithafriendoragroup.Beactivewithyourkids-ridebikesortossasoftball.Itmaybehardtoeathealthyifyoudonothavetimetocookoryourkidswantfastfood.Herearesomewaysthatyouandyourfamilycaneatbetter.Eatbreakfasteveryday.Tryawhole-graincereallikeraisinbranwithfat-freeorlow-fatmilk,orwhole-wheattoastspreadwithjam.Enjoysomefruitwithyourbreakfasttoo.Teachkidsthathealthyfoodstastego