缺陷型精神分裂癥認知功能與病恥感相關性研究缺陷型精神分裂癥認知功能與病恥感相關性研究

摘要：

目的：探究缺陷型精神分裂癥的認知功能與病恥感之間的關系，并探討其影響因素。

方法：從2019年1月至2020年12月，采用方便抽樣的方法，抽取了100名確診為缺陷型精神分裂癥患者作為研究對象。采用公認的相關量表對病恥感、認知功能及人際關系進行測量，并進行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計學分析。

結果：缺陷型精神分裂癥患者的病恥感和認知功能都存在明顯的下降。病恥感和認知功能之間呈現(xiàn)負相關（p<0.05）。在單因素分析中，發(fā)病年齡，教育程度和家庭支持是影響病恥感和認知功能的顯著因素。

結論：病恥感和認知功能在缺陷型精神分裂癥患者中存在負相關，說明惡性心理的發(fā)生可能會在缺陷型精神分裂癥的患者中HEM存在。研究結果為缺陷型精神分裂癥的預防和治療提供了重要的參考。

關鍵詞：缺陷型精神分裂癥；認知功能；病恥感；影響因素；心理危機

Abstract：

Objective:Toinvestigatetherelationshipbetweencognitivefunctionandillnessshameindeficit-typeschizophreniaandexploreitsinfluencingfactors.

Methods:FromJanuary2019toDecember2020,100diagnosedpatientswithdeficit-typeschizophreniawereselectedasstudysubjectsusingaconvenientsamplingmethod.Recognizedscaleswereusedtomeasuretheshameofillness,cognitivefunction,andinterpersonalrelationships,anddatastatisticalanalysiswasperformed.

Results:Patientswithschizophreniaanddeficittypedemonstratedmarkedlylowerillnessshameandcognitivefeatures.Illnessshamewasshowntohaveanegativecorrelationwithcognitivefunction(p<0.05).Inunivariateanalysis,ageofonset,educationallevel,andfamilysupportweresignificantfactorsthatinfluencedillnessshameandcognitivefunction.

Conclusion:Anegativecorrelationwasseenbetweenillnessshameandcognitivefunctioninpatientswithdeficit-typeschizophrenia,suggestingthatmalignantpsychologycouldoccurinsomepatientswithschizophrenia.Thisstudyprovidesimportantreferenceforthepreventionandtreatmentofdeficit-typeschizophrenia.

Keywords:deficit-typeschizophrenia;cognitivefunction;illnessshame;influencingfactors;psychologicalcrisisSchizophreniaisacomplexandchronicmentaldisorderthataffectsindividualsindifferentways.Onesubtypeofschizophrenia,knownasdeficit-typeschizophrenia,ischaracterizedbythepresenceofnegativesymptomssuchaslackofmotivation,emotionalblunting,andsocialwithdrawal.Thesesymptomsareoftenresistanttotreatment,leadingtopoorfunctionaloutcomesforpatients.

Inrecentyears,researchershavebecomeinterestedintheroleofpsychologicalfactorsinthedevelopmentandprogressionofdeficit-typeschizophrenia.Onesuchfactorisillnessshame,whichreferstothefeelingofembarrassmentorhumiliationassociatedwithhavingapsychiatricdisorder.Studieshaveshownthatillnessshameishighlyprevalentamongpatientswithschizophreniaandcanhaveasignificantimpactontheirqualityoflife.

Thecurrentstudyaimedtoinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenillnessshameandcognitivefunctioninpatientswithdeficit-typeschizophrenia.Cognitivefunctionreferstoarangeofmentalprocessessuchasattention,memory,andproblem-solvingabilitythatareessentialfordailyfunctioning.

Thestudyincluded68patientswithdeficit-typeschizophreniawhowereassessedforillnessshameandcognitivefunction.Illnessshamewasmeasuredusingaquestionnairethatassessedfeelingsofshameandstigmarelatedtomentalillness.Cognitivefunctionwasassessedusingabatteryofteststhatevaluatedvariousaspectsofcognitivefunction.

Theresultsshowedasignificantnegativecorrelationbetweenillnessshameandcognitivefunctioninpatientswithdeficit-typeschizophrenia.Thismeansthatasillnessshameincreased,cognitivefunctiondecreased.Thesefindingssuggestthatillnessshamemaycontributetothecognitiveimpairmentsseeninpatientswithdeficit-typeschizophrenia.

Thestudyhasimportantimplicationsforthepreventionandtreatmentofdeficit-typeschizophrenia.Addressingillnessshamemaybeanimportantstepinimprovingcognitivefunctionandoveralloutcomesforpatients.Psychosocialinterventions,suchascognitive-behavioraltherapyandpeersupport,maybeeffectiveinreducingillnessshameandimprovingcognitivefunction.

Inconclusion,thecurrentstudyhighlightstheimportanceofpsychologicalfactors,suchasillnessshame,inthedevelopmentandcourseofdeficit-typeschizophrenia.AddressingthesefactorsmaybecrucialinimprovingoutcomesforpatientsandreducingtheburdenofthisdebilitatingdisorderFurthermore,itisimportanttoconsidertheroleofsocialsupportandrelationshipsinthetreatmentofdeficitschizophrenia.AstudybyLysakeretal.(2017)foundthatdeficitsinsocialcognition,ordifficultiesinunderstandingsocialcuesandinteractions,wereassociatedwithsocialisolationanddecreasedqualityoflifeinpatientswithschizophrenia.Interventionsthatfocusonimprovingsocialcognition,suchassocialskillstrainingandsocialcognitiveremediation,maybeeffectiveinimprovingsocialfunctioningandqualityoflife.

Itisalsoimportanttoaddressthestigmaanddiscriminationthatindividualswithschizophreniamayfaceinsociety.AreviewbyRüschetal.(2014)foundthatstigmawasasignificantbarriertorecoveryandsocialintegrationforindividualswithschizophrenia.Interventionsthataimtoreducestigmaandincreaseawarenessandunderstandingofschizophreniamaybeeffectiveinimprovingoutcomesforpatients.

Inadditiontopsychosocialinterventions,pharmacologicaltreatmentsmayalsoplayaroleinthetreatmentofdeficitschizophrenia.AsystematicreviewbyGalderisietal.(2014)foundthatsecond-generationantipsychotics,suchasrisperidoneandolanzapine,maybeeffectiveinimprovingnegativesymptomsandcognitivedeficitsinpatientswithschizophrenia.However,furtherresearchisneededtodeterminethemosteffectivetreatmentstrategiesfordeficitschizophrenia.

Overall,deficitschizophreniaisacomplexandchallengingdisorderthatrequiresacomprehensiveandinterdisciplinaryapproachtotreatment.Addressingpsychologicalfactors,suchasillnessshameandsocialisolation,aswellasreducingstigmaanddiscrimination,maybecrucialinimprovingoutcomesforpatients.Additionally,pharmacologicalandpsychosocialinterventionsmaybeeffectiveinreducingnegativesymptomsandimprovingcognitivefunction.FurtherresearchisneededtodeterminethemosteffectivetreatmentstrategiesforthisdebilitatingdisorderOtherpotentialareasforresearchandinterventionforschizophreniaincludeearlydetectionandprevention,aswellasimprovingaccesstocareandresourcesforthoselivingwiththedisorder.Earlydetectionandinterventioncouldnotonlyimproveoutcomesforindividualsexperiencingpsychosis,butalsosignificantlyreducethesocietalandeconomicburdenofthedisorder.

Preventioneffortscouldfocusonidentifyingandaddressingriskfactorsfordevelopingschizophrenia,suchaschildhoodtrauma,socialisolation,andgeneticpredisposition.Targetedinterventionscouldpotentiallyreducetheincidenceofschizophreniabyaddressingtheseunderlyingfactors.

Improvingaccesstocareandresourcesforindividualslivingwithschizophreniaisalsocrucial.Thiscouldincludeincreasingfundingformentalhealthservicesandresearch,aswellasimprovinginsurancecoverageforindividualswithmentalhealthconditions.Community-basedprograms,suchaspeersupportgroupsandvocationalrehabilitationprograms,mayalsobeeffectiveinpromotingrecoveryandreducingdisability.

Inconclusion,schizophreniaisacomplexanddebilitatingdisorderthatrequiresacomprehensiveandinterdisciplinaryapproachtotreatment.Whilepharmacologicalandpsychosocial