牛津英語9AUnit6復(fù)習(xí)講義一、重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)詞語搭配attacksb.with…“用…攻擊某人”geton/along(well)withsb“與某人相處(得好)”asaresult“（作為）結(jié)果”arrestsb.forsth.“因某事而逮捕某人”putup(agoodfight)“進(jìn)行（激烈地搏斗）”makesb.someenemies“給某人樹敵”beguiltyof…..“有……罪”againstthelaw“犯法；違法”二、語法點(diǎn)撥間接引語引述或轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話稱為“引語”。直接引用別人的原話，兩邊用引號“”標(biāo)出，叫做直接引語；用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不需要引號這叫做間接引語，實(shí)際上間接引語大都是賓語從句（其中由祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換的間接引語除外，其轉(zhuǎn)換后是不定式）。那么直接引語為陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和祈使句，轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語時(shí)，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等都要有變化，如何變化呢?1.人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變(口訣：一隨主，二隨賓，三不變)人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換不是固定的，具體情況，具體對待，要符合邏輯。2.時(shí)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞如果是過去時(shí)，從句（即間接引語部分）的謂語動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化，變成過去時(shí)范疇的各種時(shí)態(tài)（實(shí)際也是賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)要求），變化如下：直接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)間接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)直接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)間接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)（不變）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)或不變現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)3、直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)無須改變的情況(1)當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候。(2)當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候。(3)當(dāng)直接引語部分帶有具體的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，如：Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”——>Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.(4)當(dāng)直接引語中有以when,while引導(dǎo)的從句，表示過去的時(shí)間時(shí)，如：Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”——>Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.(5)當(dāng)直接引語是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)。(6)當(dāng)引語是諺語、格言時(shí)。(7)當(dāng)直接引語中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need時(shí)，如：Thedoctorsaid,“You'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”——>ThedoctorsaidI'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.(8)此外轉(zhuǎn)述中的變化要因?qū)嶋H情況而定，不能機(jī)械照搬，如果當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there,動(dòng)詞come不必改為go，如果當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改變。如：Teacher:Youmayhavetheballgamethisafternoon.Student:Whatdidtheteachersay,Monitor?Monitor:Hesaidwemighthavetheballgamethisafternoon.4、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語及某些對比性的指示代詞和動(dòng)詞變化(1)時(shí)間狀語：直接引語間接引語直接引語間接引語nowthentomorrowthenext/followingdaytodaythatdaynextweekthenext/followingweekyesterdaythedaybeforetwodaysagotwodaysbeforelastweektheweekbeforethisweekthatweek[來源:中國教育出版網(wǎng)](2)指示代詞：these變成those(3)地點(diǎn)狀語：here變成thereShesaid,“Iwon'tcomehereanymore.”——>Shesaidthatshewouldn’tgothereanymore..(4)動(dòng)詞：come變成go，bring變成take5、直接引語變成間接引語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化(1)陳述句。用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動(dòng)詞可直接用引語中的said,也可用told來代替，注意，可以說saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接說toldthat,如：Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”——>HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”——>HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.（不可說toldthat）此外主句中的謂語還常有：repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等，又如：Hesaid，“I'mlatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.”——>Heexplainedtousthathewaslatebecauseoft-heheavytraffic.如果間接引語是由that引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列從句，第一個(gè)連詞可以省略，以后的連詞一般不省略，以免混亂。Thedoctorsaid,“Youarenotseriouslyill,Youwillbebettersoon.”——>Thedoctorsaid（that）IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.(2)直接引語為一般疑問句，間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動(dòng)詞said要改為asked（me/him/us等），語序是陳述句的語序，這一點(diǎn)非常重要。Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”——>Heasked（me）whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.(3)直接引語為選擇疑問句，間接引語用whether…or…表達(dá)，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or….如：Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”——>HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench..Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”——>Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.(4)直接引語為特殊疑問句，改成間接引語時(shí)，原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用ask（sb.）來表達(dá)，語序改為陳述句語序。如：Heasked，“What'syourname?”——>Heasked（me）whatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”——>Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.(5)直接引語為祈使句時(shí)，改為間接引語，用帶to的不定式表達(dá)，謂語動(dòng)詞常是ask,advise,tell,warn,orde-r,request等。如asksb.todo，（由肯定祈使句變成）asksb.nottodo（由否定祈使句轉(zhuǎn)變），并且在不定式短語中的時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、人稱及時(shí)態(tài)都作相應(yīng)的變化。如：Hesaid，“Beseated,please.”——>Heaskedustobeseated.“Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting.”Hesaid.——>Hetoldmetobecarefulwithmyhandwriting.“Nevercomehereagain!”saidtheofficernearby.——>Theofficerorderedthevillagersnevertogothereagain.“Don'ttouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission,”theteachersaid.——>Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottotouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.(6)有些含有“建議”、“勸告”的祈使句，可用suggest,insist,offer等動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)述，如：Hesaid,“Let'shavearest.”——>Hesuggestedourhavingarest.Hesaid,“Letmehelpyou.”——>Heofferedtohelpme.(7)當(dāng)直接引語形式上是疑問句，有表示請求，建議意義時(shí)，可用asksb.todosth./suggestdoing/advisesb.todosth.等形式轉(zhuǎn)述。如：“Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?”heasked.——>Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.“Whynotgoingoutforawalk?”heaskedus.——>Headvisedustogooutforawalk.或Hesuggestedwegooutforawalk.(8)直接引語是感嘆句時(shí)，變間接引語可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)，如：Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!”——>Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalov-elyday.【小試牛刀】1.Heaskedme________withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.what’sthematterD.whatwasthematter2.Heasked________forthecomputer.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid三、交際用語談?wù)摗罢l是綁架者”牛津英語9AUnit6短語匯總序號ChineseEnglish1穿著……衣服（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）be/getdressedin…=wear..=bein..=haveon…像那樣打扮bedressedlikethat盛裝,打扮,裝飾,偽裝dressup（asaghost）給某人/某人自己穿衣服dresssb./oneself2看見/聽見/注意到某人做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)全過程）see/hear/noticesb.dosth.（改為被動(dòng)時(shí)要加to）看見/聽見/注意到某人正做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）see/hear/noticesb.doingsth.（改為被動(dòng)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)不變）3不見了；消失了gomissing=bemissing(系表結(jié)構(gòu))=belost4給某人做筆錄/做有關(guān)某人的筆錄makenotesonsb.5因某事而被通緝bewantedforsth.6中等高度（個(gè)子）mediumheight7在一家服裝店的門口inthedoorwayofaclothesshop8對（做）某事感興趣beinterestedin(doing)sth.9在過去的幾年中(常用于完成時(shí))over/in/duringthepastfewyears10流血致死bleedtodeath11與某人交朋友makefriendswithsb.12打斗的跡象evidenceofastruggle13保持記錄keeparecord14敢于做某事daretodosth.15有證據(jù)證明…….haveevidencetoprove…16導(dǎo)致…….；導(dǎo)向……leadto…17為…….提拱……(錢)的獎(jiǎng)賞offerarewardof……(money)for…….18破案（解決犯罪）solveacrime/case19呼吸急促breatheheavily20控告某人某事控告某事chargesb.withsth.21闖入….breakinto…22一個(gè)襯衫上帶有血的人amanwithbloodonhisshirt23吸入……/送出……take….in/send…out24不止一個(gè)進(jìn)攻者morethanoneattacker25用光；耗盡runout26被卷入……..；與……相關(guān)聯(lián)beinvolvedin….27一份報(bào)酬豐厚的工作awell-paidjob28下班回家comehomefromwork29有犯罪記錄haveacriminalrecord30有偷盜的犯罪記錄haveacriminalrecordfortheft31一個(gè)關(guān)于綁架案的報(bào)告areportonthekidnappingcase32在十月二十八日的早晨onthemorningof28thDecember33在他妹妹的婚禮上athissister’swedding34其它的某個(gè)地方somewhereelse35排隊(duì)等候waitinthequeue36銷售量的增長anincreaseinsales37做某事為了謀生dosth.foraliving38在犯罪現(xiàn)場atthesceneofthecrime在犯罪發(fā)生的時(shí)候atthetimeofthecrime39在晚上一個(gè)人出門gooutaloneatnight40因?yàn)槟呈露淮禸earrestedforsth.=beunderarrestforsth41趕公共汽車catchabus42向某人報(bào)告某事reportsth.tosb.43向警方舉報(bào)某人reportsb.tothepolice.44在他三十五歲左右時(shí)inhismid-thirties45在某人50幾歲時(shí)inone’s50s46對某事/某物很熟悉befamiliarwithsth.牛津英語9AUnit6基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練一、重點(diǎn)詞組1.發(fā)生2.被刀襲擊3.流血而死4.結(jié)果5.展開了殊死搏斗6.犯有…的罪行7.被指控8.闖入9.樹敵10.氣喘吁吁11.在案發(fā)時(shí)12.懸賞13.通向14打電話與警方聯(lián)系15.到目前為止16.別的某個(gè)地方17.不同尋常的現(xiàn)象18.特別感興趣19.死得很慘20.有證據(jù)證明二、句型結(jié)構(gòu)1.HewaslastseenleavinghisofficeinNewTownatabout.(beseendoing與beseentodo的區(qū)別及用法)1)昨天晚上10點(diǎn)有人看見這個(gè)嫌疑犯跑進(jìn)了那棟大樓。Thesuspectintothatbuildingat10.yesterdayevening.2)有人經(jīng)?？吹終itty練習(xí)打籃球。Kittybasketball.2.TheyarenotsurewhetherthevictimwaskilledsomewhereelseandthenbroughttoValley1）我想知道你明天是否能來。Iwonderyoucancometomorrow.2)我們還不確定Simon明天是來還是不來。WearenotsueSimonwillcomeornot.三、難點(diǎn)語法1．容易混淆詞的比較和用法come/go,take/bring,hear/listen,watch