2023屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化100題（8）1.DoyoustillrememberJurassicPark,anamazingmoviewheresciencebringsdinosaursbackfromextinction?Nowsomeverysmartscientistsareworkingonawaytorevive,notdinosaurs,butotherextinctspecieslikethewoollymammoth（猛碼象）usingthegeneeditingtechnologyknownasCRISPR.Asanevolutionarybiologist,obviously,itwouldbeamazingtobringbackextinctcreatures.Butevenifwecanbringthemback,wearenotgoingtobeabletocontrolhowtheywillevolveinthefuture.Nomanisanislandandneitherisanyothercreature.Weneedanecosysteminordertosurvive.Sowecanthinkalotabouttheexamplesofreintroducingspeciesintotheenvironment,likethegraywolvesintoYellowstoneNationalPark.Ecologyisverycomplicatedanditcertainlywasn'timportantwhenwefirstintroducedrabbitsintoAustralia,whichwasatotaldisastereventually.Allanimalslikebirdsandmammalshavetolearnfromtheirparents.Ifwebringthembacktolife,whoaregoingtobearoundtoteachthem?WehaveexampleswhereinCaliforniawe'vehadthereproductionofthecondors（大禿鷹）.Whatscientiststriedtodoisfeedthebabiesusingamothercondorpuppet.Whenthesepoorcreatureswerereleasedintothewild,theyhadanunnaturallikingforhumans.Theydidn'tbehavethewaytheyshouldhave,forcondors.AccordingtoPerformingAnimalWelfareSociety,ahealthyelephantcostsabout$70,000peryeartocareforandanelderlyelephantcostsagooddealmore.Ofcourse,wearenottalkingaboutone.We'retalkingaboutmanycreatures.Idon*tthinkthesecreatureswillhaveafuture.l.Whydoestheauthormentionthefilminthefirstparagraph?A.Torecallanamazingmovie.B.Topromotesomeextinctspecies.C.Tointroducethetopictobediscussed.D.Togettoknowsomeintelligentscientists.2.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinParagraph2?A.Humansneedabalancedecosystemtosurvive.B.Tobringbackextinctcreatureswasanunwiseidea.C.Helpingendangeredspeciesprovedtobebeneficialtohumans.D.Therewereallsortsofpositiveeffectsofreintroducingspecies..Whichanimaldidn'tactinitsownway?A.Thecondor.B.Thegraywolf.C.Therabbit.D.Theelephant..Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.IsJurassicParkanAmazingMovie?B.WhatDoCreaturesNeedtoSurvive?C.ShouldWeBringExtinctAnimalsBacktoLife?D.HowDoesanEvolutionaryBiologistProtectAnimals?2.Mostkidscanwalkintoalibraryorbookstoreandfindhundredsofbookstoread.Butit'snotthatsimpleforkidswhoareblind.Theyreadinadifferentway.JennyLeeandotherbraille（布萊葉盲文）transcriberstaketheprintedwordsofabookandchangethemintoacodeofraiseddots.Blindpeoplecan答案以及解析.答案：1-4CBAC解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句N(xiāo)owsomeverysmartscientistsareworkingonawaytorevive,notdinosaurs,butotherextinctspecies…可知，作者提到《侏羅紀(jì)公園》這部電影是為了引出”是否應(yīng)該復(fù)活滅絕物種”的話(huà)題,故選C項(xiàng)。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的…wearenotgoingtobeabletocontrolhowtheywillevolveinthefuture.可知，作者用兔子被引入澳大利亞后造成了一場(chǎng)大災(zāi)難的例子來(lái)告訴我們,生態(tài)很復(fù)雜,復(fù)活滅絕的生物是很不明智的,故選B項(xiàng)。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Whenthesepoorcreatureswerereleasedintothewild,theyhadanunnaturallikingforhumans.Theydidn'tbehavethewaytheyshouldhave,forcondors.可知，對(duì)于大禿鷹來(lái)說(shuō),它們的行為不像正常狀態(tài),故選A項(xiàng)。.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文以”是否應(yīng)該讓滅絕的動(dòng)物復(fù)活?”為話(huà)題展開(kāi)討論,詳細(xì)陳述了不支持讓滅絕動(dòng)物復(fù)活的原因；C項(xiàng)”我們應(yīng)該讓滅絕的動(dòng)物復(fù)活嗎?”為最佳標(biāo)題,故選C項(xiàng)。.答案：1-4CDCB解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的...takeaballpointpenandpresshardontoapieceofpaper.Thenturnthepaperoverandtouchtheraiseddotmadebythepenpoint.可知，作者讓讀者觸摸圓珠筆在紙上扎出的點(diǎn)，以此來(lái)親身體驗(yàn)盲文是什么感覺(jué),故選C項(xiàng)。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的WhenLeefirstsawthedotsofthebraillealphabet,shewonderedifshe'deverbeabletoreadandwritethemeasily.可知，李對(duì)自己是否能夠輕松閱讀并書(shū)寫(xiě)盲文存疑，再結(jié)合后文說(shuō)她努力學(xué)習(xí)了六個(gè)月才通過(guò)最終考試可知，她對(duì)盲文的第一反應(yīng)應(yīng)是覺(jué)得它很難學(xué)會(huì)，故選D項(xiàng)。.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Sometimes,goingoverastoryagainandagaingetstiring...afewminuteswiththem.可推知，這項(xiàng)工作單一重復(fù),有時(shí)會(huì)讓人疲憊，但是和狗一起玩的時(shí)間會(huì)令人放松；C項(xiàng)意為"幫助恢復(fù)精神的東西”,與畫(huà)線(xiàn)處為同義表達(dá),故選C項(xiàng)。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的關(guān)鍵詞tiring以及最后一段"Throughmybrainpowerandmyfingers,Iamputtingthedotsintosomekids*hands.”可知，作者認(rèn)為她的工作雖然累人但有意義，故選B項(xiàng)。3.答案：1-4CADD解析：1.主旨大意題。第一段中的Whatdoes"old'*reallymeanthesedays?Thisisn'tameaninglessquestion一notonly...butitalso…對(duì)人什么時(shí)候變"老”這一問(wèn)題的重要性進(jìn)行了闡述，由此可推知I,第一段主要是關(guān)于“老”的定義的重要性,故選C項(xiàng)。.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分后的定語(yǔ)從句whichlookstothefuture以及進(jìn)一步的解釋Everyonewiththesameprospectiveagehasthesameexpectedremainingyearsoflife.可推知，畫(huà)線(xiàn)短語(yǔ)prospectiveage意為"人的預(yù)期剩余壽命”，故選A項(xiàng)。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Scherbovexplained"young"and"old"arerelativeconcepts,andthattheircommonreferencepointislifeexpectancy.可知，“年輕“和“年老”是以預(yù)期壽命為共同參照點(diǎn)的對(duì)相對(duì)概念，由此可推知,謝爾波夫認(rèn)為“年輕“和“年老”概念的相似之處是它們的參照點(diǎn)相同,故選D項(xiàng)。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Thosewithmoreeducationtendnottosmoke...and,therefore,livelonger,meaningthebeginningoftheiroldagecomeslater,saysScherbov.可知，受教育程度較高的人壽命更長(zhǎng)，由此可推知,提高教育水平有助于長(zhǎng)壽,故選D項(xiàng)。.答案：1-4BBCD解析：1.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞后的定語(yǔ)從句thathaveevolvedalongsidehumansinourhomesforthepast10,000years可知，這些動(dòng)物在過(guò)去的一萬(wàn)年里與人類(lèi)在家中共同進(jìn)化，結(jié)合上文的petdogs和下文的inourhomes可推知domesticated意為”馴化的；家養(yǎng)的"，故選B項(xiàng)。.2田節(jié)理.解題。根據(jù)第五段中的analyzingfirsttheemotionalcomponentwiththeolderregionofthebrain可知,狗的大腦分析夸贊的語(yǔ)言時(shí);首先要做的是分析話(huà)語(yǔ)的情感成分,故選B項(xiàng)。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Whatexactlyhappensinyourdog'sbrainwhenithearspraise,andisitsimilartothewayourownbrainprocessessuchinformation?和第三段最后一句Still,apuzzleremained:Dotheirbrainsgothroughthesamestepstoprocessapproval?以及最后一段第一句Seewhydogsaresosuccessfulinpartneringus?可推知，本文是通過(guò)提出問(wèn)題并給出答案的方式組織內(nèi)容的，故選C項(xiàng)。.主旨大意題。文章首段提出疑問(wèn)”為什么狗能聽(tīng)懂人類(lèi)講話(huà)?”文章圍繞此進(jìn)行分析，得出結(jié)論,最后——段中的Dogsandhumanslastsharedacommon...brainsrespondtosoundsinasimilarway.說(shuō)明狗和人類(lèi)大約在一億年前擁有共同的祖先,我們的大腦對(duì)聲音的反應(yīng)和狗對(duì)聲音的反應(yīng)很可能是類(lèi)似的,由此可推知,D項(xiàng)”狗理解話(huà)語(yǔ)的方式和我們一樣”為最佳標(biāo)題,故選D項(xiàng)。.答案：1-4BDCC解析：1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的Tears,whicharereleasedfromteartubes...mucus,waterandoil.可知，眼淚在眼睛上形成一層薄膜，由三種成分組成：黏液、水和油脂。下文具體闡釋三種成分，由此可推知I,第三段主要講了眼淚的成分,故選B項(xiàng)。.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞所在句可知,鱷魚(yú)流淚不是因?yàn)榍楦?而是因?yàn)轺{魚(yú)進(jìn)食的時(shí)候會(huì)流淚，所以“鱷魚(yú)的眼淚”指的是一個(gè)人虛假的情感表達(dá)，由此可推知畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞phony意為”虛假的二故選D項(xiàng)。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的LionelSebbag可定位至倒數(shù)第二段，由該段中的Buttearsplaykeyrolesbeyondweeping,notesLionelSebbagatIowaStateUniversity...andclearingtheeye.可知,萊昂內(nèi)爾?塞巴格指出，眼淚除了起哭泣的作用，還通過(guò)潤(rùn)滑和清潔眼睛來(lái)對(duì)視力產(chǎn)生幫助，由此可推知,萊昂內(nèi)爾?塞巴格可能會(huì)同意C項(xiàng)叩艮淚可以潤(rùn)滑和清潔眼睛”的觀點(diǎn)，故選C項(xiàng)。.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的一項(xiàng)新研究可知,動(dòng)物的眼淚可能為更好地治療人類(lèi)眼疾提供了思路，下文具體說(shuō)明這一研究結(jié)論;C項(xiàng)”動(dòng)物的眼淚預(yù)示著新的治療方法”為最佳標(biāo)題,故選C項(xiàng)。.答案：1-4BCCD解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Whilethetestsubjectsfirstheardthenewvocabulary,theyweresimultaneously（同時(shí)地）shownavideoofapersonmakingagesturethatmatchedthemeaningoftheword.Whenthewordwasrepeated,theyweresupposedtoperformthegesturethemselves.（當(dāng)測(cè)試對(duì)象第一次聽(tīng)到新詞匯時(shí)，他們同時(shí)看到了一段視頻，視頻中有人做了一個(gè)與單詞意思相匹配的手勢(shì)。當(dāng)這個(gè)詞被重復(fù)時(shí)，他們應(yīng)該自己做這個(gè)手勢(shì)。）可知，測(cè)試對(duì)象被要求重復(fù)視頻里的人所做的事。故選Bo2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Theresearchersconcludedthatthemotorcortexcontributedtothetranslationofthevocabularylearnedwithgestures」研究人員得出結(jié)論，運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層有助于翻譯通過(guò)手勢(shì)學(xué)習(xí)的詞匯。）可知，發(fā)送脈沖是為了確認(rèn)運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層的功能。故選C。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Ithinkweunderusegestureinourclassrooms」我認(rèn)為我們?cè)谡n堂上沒(méi)有充分利用手勢(shì)。）可知，BrianMathias認(rèn)為這一研究可以用于課堂教學(xué)。故選C。4.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段Butifyoualsogesturewithyourarmswhilestudying,youcanrememberthevocabularybetter,evenmonthslater.Linkingawordtobrainareasresponsibleformovementstrengthensthememoryofitsmeaning.（｛n如果你在學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候也用手臂做手勢(shì)，即使幾個(gè)月后，你也能更好地記住詞匯。將一個(gè)單詞與大腦負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)動(dòng)的區(qū)域聯(lián)系起來(lái)，可以加強(qiáng)對(duì)其含義的記憶。）可知，文章主要介紹了當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)外語(yǔ)時(shí)，大多數(shù)都采取了傳統(tǒng)的方法：讀、寫(xiě)、聽(tīng)和重復(fù)。但是如果你在學(xué)習(xí)的同時(shí)加上手勢(shì)動(dòng)作，可以幫助你更好地記住詞匯。所以D.GesturesHelpLearnNewWords（手勢(shì)有助于學(xué)習(xí)新單詞）作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選D。.答案：1-4ABAA解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“PerhapsthegreatestlessonIshareisthatbeingrichisn*tadollaramount;itisaperceptionthatincludeshappiness,peaceofmind,comfortandsecurity.（也許我分享的最重要的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是，富有不是錢(qián)的數(shù)目；這是一種包括幸福、心靈舒適和安全感的感知）”可推斷，作者對(duì)財(cái)富的理解是，它更多的是一種精神狀態(tài)。故選A。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的uDonatingyourtimemakesyougratefulforallthatyouhave,andyou'llhavetheunmatchedjoyandexcitementofknowingyoumadeahugeimpactforthegoodofothers.（奉獻(xiàn)你的時(shí)間會(huì)讓你感激你所擁有的一切，你會(huì)擁有無(wú)與倫比的喜悅和興奮，因?yàn)橹滥銥樗说睦娈a(chǎn)生了巨大的影響）”可知，花時(shí)間幫助別人會(huì)讓一個(gè)人感激他已經(jīng)擁有的一切。故選B。3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thishastheaddedbenefitofservingasagoodrolemodeltoyourchildren.（這樣做還有一個(gè)額外的好處，那就是給你的孩子樹(shù)立一個(gè)好榜樣）”及整段內(nèi)容可知，本段的重點(diǎn)都是闡述做志愿服務(wù)的好處。故選A。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Asafinancialadviser,myclientscometomeseekinghelpwithgrowingtheirwealthy作為一名理財(cái)顧問(wèn)，我的客戶(hù)來(lái)向我尋求財(cái)富增長(zhǎng)的幫助）”和最后——段中的“If“wealth“reallyisaperceptionofhappiness,comfortandsecurity,wemustlearntogetoutsideourownexperienceandunderstandwhatwealthmeanstootherpeople.（如果“貝才富”真的是一種幸福、舒適和安全的感覺(jué)，我們必須學(xué)會(huì)走出自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，了解財(cái)富對(duì)其他人意味著什么）”及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了對(duì)財(cái)富的正確認(rèn)識(shí)，有錢(qián)不一定富有，當(dāng)志愿者與別人分享時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、精力時(shí)，他們才是真正富有的人。由此可知，“ARoadtoRealWealthinLife（通往真正財(cái)富的道路）”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選A。.答案：1-4DADC解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的uEmotionssuchassurprisethatusethemouthmaybemistakenforstronglynegativeemotionssuchasangerorsadness,andasmilemayseemdiminishedorlessgenuinewhentheteethandlipsarecovered（用嘴表達(dá)的驚訝等情緒可能會(huì)被誤認(rèn)為是憤怒或悲傷等強(qiáng)烈的負(fù)面情緒，而當(dāng)牙齒和嘴唇被遮住時(shí)，微笑可能會(huì)顯得不那么真誠(chéng)。）”可知，在詮釋一種情緒時(shí)，嘴巴很有幫助。故選D。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Asasurgeonwhooftenwearsmasksaroundpatients,heiscarefultouseothercuestobeclear（作為一名外科醫(yī)生，他在病人身邊經(jīng)常戴著口罩，所以他會(huì)小心地使用其他線(xiàn)索來(lái)表達(dá)清楚）”可知，Revenaugh在理解情感感知方面有優(yōu)勢(shì)是因?yàn)樗穆殬I(yè)，故選A。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Hlsimplysay,Pmjoking.（我會(huì)簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，'我在開(kāi)玩笑'。）”可知，Revenaugh為了確保他的笑話(huà)不會(huì)失敗，他會(huì)直接告訴病人他的意圖，故選D。4.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第四段的“Waystoadjusttorestrictedfacialcommunicationincludemakingmoreofanefforttoanalysepositivity.Peoplecanemployacadencetotheirspeechtoguideothers,forexample.Crinklingthecornersoftheeyes,alightertoneofthevoice,allcanhelp.（適應(yīng)有限的面部交流的方法包括努力分析積極的一面。例如，人們可以用自己的抑揚(yáng)頓挫來(lái)引導(dǎo)別人。皺起眼角，輕聲細(xì)語(yǔ)，這些都有幫助。）”可知，本文主要講的是戴口罩會(huì)減少我們對(duì)于積極情緒的感知及如何應(yīng)對(duì)，也就是在戴著口罩的情況下如何進(jìn)行有效的交流，因此最好的題目是C選項(xiàng)“HowtoImproveMaskedCommunication（如何改善蒙面溝通）”，故選C。.答案：1-4BCAB解析：1.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干：WhatisPeterCavanagh'spassion?鎖定到第二段第一句：PeterCavanagh,ofLopezIslandcertainlyqualifiesinthepassionatecategory,havingtaken600,000picturesofbirdsallovertheworldinthepast13years.因此選Bo2.考查推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的：Humanshavespentmorethansixcenturiestryingtoimitatebirdflightbutstillhavenotproducedflyingmachineswithallofthecomplexity,flexibilityandperformancethatiscommonplaceforbirds.證明了鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)無(wú)與倫比的飛行能力，我們還是望塵莫及。故選C。3.考查詞義理解題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)詞前面的：“In2019,AirbusproducedaBirdofPrey”design以及它后面的:“theeagle'swingandtailstructureforflightcontrol"不難看出AImitated（模仿）為正確答案。4.考查推理判斷題。從文章開(kāi)頭第一句:Ifitweren'tforpassionatepeople,thiswouldbeadullworldindeed,以及最后一段的內(nèi)容,可知B是正確答案。.答案：1-3BAC解析：1.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干：Whatisrequiredwhenyouusethebusservices?鎖定至U：標(biāo)題：Facecoverings.以及第二段第——行的：Youmustwearafacecovering,overyournoseandmouth,forthefullurationofjourneysonthepublictransportnetwork.可知B為正確答案。2.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)題干：Whatcanpassengersdoatthecontrolleroffice?鎖定到：標(biāo)題：BusStationControllerOffices.以及該段第二行的：...reportanysafetyconcernsorhandinlostproperty.nJ知A項(xiàng)為正確答案。3.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的：…atmidnight?可知只有C項(xiàng)符合要求（一周7天，每天24小時(shí)）。readthesedotswiththeirfingers.Toknowwhatbraillefeelslike,takeaballpointpenandpresshardontoapieceofpaper.Thenturnthepaperoverandtouchtheraiseddotmadebythepenpoint.WhenLeefirstsawthedotsofthebraillealphabet,shewonderedifshe*deverbeabletoreadandwritethemeasily.Shetookaclassandpracticedhardforaboutsixmonthsbeforeshepassedthefinalexam:shehadtoconvert35pagesofabookintobraille.Today,Leeworksforapublisher.Oneofherjobsistochangechildren'sbooksintobraille.Todothis,Leefirsttypesthestoryintoacomputerandthenusesacomputerprogramtotranslateitintothebraillecode.Next,shelooksoverthetranslationseveraltimestomakesureit'smistake-free.Afterthat,acopyofthebraillestoryisprintedwithaspecialprinter.ThenLeeandaproofreaderworktogethertofindandcorrectanymistake.Whenabookisready,manycopiesofitareprinted.Afterward,somearesoldthroughwebsitesandothersaresenttolibraries.Sometimes,goingoverastoryagainandagaingetstiring.That'swhenLeetakesabreak.SeveralofJennyLee'sco-workers,whoareblind,useguidedogs.Whentheanimalsaren'tworking,Leelikesspendingafewminuteswiththem.Toher,playingwithdogs“isalwaysapick-me-upinthemiddleoftheday”.“Ilovethismission,"Leesays.nThroughmybrainpowerandmyfingers,Iamputtingthedotsintosomekids'hands.nl.Howdoesthewriterexplainwhatbraillefeelslike?A.Byexplainingwhatbraillewordslooklike.B.Bydescribinghowblindpeoplereadbooks.C.Byaskingreaderstoexperienceitthemselves.D.Bygivingexamplesofdifferentbraillewords..WhatwasLee'sfirstreactiontobraille?A.Shewasexcitedtogetanewskill.B.Shewasamazedatthecleveridea.A.Shewasexcitedtogetanewskill.B.Shewasamazedatthecleveridea.C.Sherealizedshecouldteachitherself.D.Shebelieveditwouldbedifficulttolearn.C.Sherealizedshecouldteachitherself.D.Shebelieveditwouldbedifficulttolearn..Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"pick-me-upHinParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Adiscussiontoreleaseworkstress.C.Somethingtohelprestoreone'sspirits.A.Adiscussiontoreleaseworkstress.C.Somethingtohelprestoreone'sspirits.4.WhatdoesLeethinkofherjob?A.Profitableandhopeful.C.Relaxingandhelpful.B.Somethingtoimproveone'sappetite.D.Afreerideaccompaniedbyaguidedog.B.Tiringbutmeaningful.D.Boringbutchallenging.3.AnAgelessQuestion:WhenIsSomeone''Old''?Whatdoes"old"reallymeanthesedays?Thisisn'tameaninglessquestion-notonlydoesthedefinitionof"old"haveanout-sizedimpactonhowwefeelaboutourselves(nottomentionhowothersviewus),butitalsomatterstopolicymakersdetermininghowtoplanforagingpopulations.TheUnitedNationshistoricallyhasdefinedolderpersonsaspeopleaged60yearsandover(sometimes65).Itdidn'tmatterwhetheryoulivedintheUnitedStates,ChinaorSenegal,eventhoughlifeexpectancyisquitedifferentineachofthosecountries.Everyonebecameoldat60.ResearchersSergeiScherbovandWanenSanderson,whostudyaging,aresuggestingoverturningtheone-size-fits-alldefinitionof“old”acrosstheglobe.Instead,theytalkabout"prospectiveage”,whichlookstothefuture.Everyonewiththesameprospectiveagehasthesameexpectedremainingyearsoflife.Scherbovexplained"young"and"old"arerelativeconcepts,andthattheircommonreferencepointislifeexpectancy.Itmakessensethat"old"wouldvarybetweennations,especiallybetweenmore-andless-developedcountries,withdifferencesineducation,deathrates,accesstohealthcareandlifeexpectancy.Butwhois"old"alsovarieswidelybetweenindividuals.Thepoint,Scherbovsays,isthatpersonalageisdependentonour'^characteristics'^一understandingabilities,disability,healthhistoryandeveneducationlevels.Thosewithmoreeducationtendnottosmoke,exercisemorefrequently,havebetterdietsandhaveregularcheckups一and,therefore,livelonger,meaningthebeginningoftheiroldagecomeslater,saysScherbov..Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howwefeelaboutourselves.B.Howothersviewus.C.Theimportanceofthedefinitionofnoldn.D.Theplanforagingpopulations..Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"prospectiveageninParagraph3refertoaccordingtothetext?A.Theexpectedremainingyearsofone'slife.B.Thebeginningofone'soldage.C.Thedifferencesofour“characteristics'：D.Theagewhenonebecomesold..WhatsimilaritydoesScherbovthink"young"and"old"have?A.Thedefinition.B.Theagerange.C.Thedeathrates.D.Thereferencepoint..Whichofthefollowinghelpsonetolivelonger?A.Exercisingasmuchaspossible.B.Losingweight.C.Studyinghistory.D.Improvingtheeducationlevel.4.Dogscan'tspeak,buttheirbrainsrespondtospokenwords.Everydogownerknowsthatsaying“Gooddog!"inahappy,highvoicewillmaketheirpetjoyfullywagitstail.Thatmadescientistscurious:Whatexactlyhappensinyourdog'sbrainwhenithearspraise,andisitsimilartothewayourownbrainprocessessuchinformation?Whenapersongetsothers*compliments,themoreprimitive,subcorticalauditoryregions（皮層下聽(tīng)覺(jué)區(qū)）firstreacttotheintonation—theemotionalforceofspokenwords.Next,thebraintapsthemorerecentlyevolvedauditorycortex（聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層）tofigureoutthemeaningofthewords,whichislearned.In2016,ateamofscientistsdiscoveredthatdogs*brains,likethoseofhumans,computetheintonationandmeaningofawordseparately-althoughdogsusetheirrightbraintodoso,whereasweuseourleftone.Still,apuzzleremained:Dotheirbrainsgothroughthesamestepstoprocessapproval?Itsanimportantquestion,becausedogsareaspeechlessspecies,yettheyrespondcorrectlytoourwords.Forinstance,somedogsarecapableofrecognizingthousandsofnamesofindividualobjects,andcanlinkeachnametoaspecificobject.Whenthescientistsstudiedscansofthebrainsofpetdogs,theyfoundthattheirs,likeours,processthesoundsofspokenwordsinthismanner-analyzingfirsttheemotionalcomponentwiththeolderregionofthebrain,thesubcorticalregions,andthenthewords*meaningwiththenewerpart,thecortex.Seewhydogsaresosuccessfulinpartneringus?Dogsandhumanslastsharedacommonancestorsome100millionyearsago,soit'slikelythatourbrainsrespondtosoundsinasimilarway.Asdomesticatedanimalsthathaveevolvedalongsidehumansinourhomesforthepast10,000years,dogsmakespecialuseofittoprocesshumanemotions.Youknow,whatwesayreallymatterstodogs!.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"domesticated"?A.Abroad.B.Home.C.Gentle.D.Intelligent..Whatisthefirststepwhenadog*sbraingoesthroughtoprocessapproval?A.Linkingittoanobject.B.Analyzingtheemotion.C.Workingoutitsmeaning.D.Tappingtheauditorycortex..Howdoesthewriterdevelopthetext?A.Bycomparingopinions.B.Byraisingexamples.C.Byprovidinganswerstoquestions.D.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects..Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Dogs-GoodListenersB.Dogs-PerfectPartnersC.DogsandHumansShareaCommonAncestorActuallyD.DogsUnderstandSpokenWordstheSameWayWeDo.Anewstudy,publishedinthejournalFrontiersinVeterinaiyScience,revealsthatnon-humananimals*tearsarenotsodifferentfromourown.Thechemicalsimilaritiesaresogreat,infact,thatthecompositionofotherspecies1tears-andhowthey'readaptedtotheirenvironments-mayprovideinsightsintobettertreatmentsforhumaneyedisease.Previously,scientistshadstudiedcloselyonlythetearsofahandfulofmammals,includinghumans,dogs,horses,camelsandmonkeys.Inthenewstudy,Brazilianveterinariansanalyzedthetearsofreptilesandbirdsforthefirsttime,focusingonsevenspecies.Tears,whicharereleasedfromteartubes,formafilmovertheeyethat'scomposedofthreeingredients:mucus,waterandoil.Themucuscoatstheeye'ssurfaceandhelpstoattachthefilmtotheeye,thewaterisanaturalsaltysolutioncontainingcrucialproteinsandminerals,andtheoilpreventstheeyefromdryingout.Humansaretheonlyknownspeciestoproduceemotionaltears;theexpression"crocodiletears",whichreferstoaperson'sphonydisplayofemotion,comesfromthemysterioustendencyofcrocodilestoreleasetearsastheyeat.Buttearsplaykeyrolesbeyondweeping,notesLionelSebbagatIowaStateUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedinthenewresearch.Theyhelpwithvisionbylubricatingandclearingtheeye.Theyalsoprotecttheeyeagainstinfectionandprovidenutritionforthecornea,theeye*sclearouterlayer,whichlacksbloodtubes,hesays.Learninghowreptilesandbirdsusetearsmayalsoinspirenewmedicationsforconditionssuchasdryeye,whichoccurswhenteartubesdon'tproduceenoughoil.Thedisease,commonincats,dogs,andpeople,cansometimesleadtoblindness..WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thesourceoftears.B.Thecompositionoftears.C.Theclassificationoftears.D.Thedefinitionoftears..WhatdoestheunderlinedwordHphony"inParagraph4mean?A.Tricky.B.Regretful.C.Cold.D.False.A.Tricky.B.Regretful.C.Cold.D.False..WhichstatementdoesLionelSebbagagreewith?A.Weepingcontributestoeyedisease.C.Tearsoilandcleartheeyes.A.Weepingcontributestoeyedisease.C.Tearsoilandcleartheeyes.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Tears,aBarnertoEyesC.Non-humanTearsPromiseNewCuresB.Thecorneahasrichbloodtubes.D.Moretearsmeanbettervision.B.ABetterTreatmentfortheEyeDiseaseD.OtherSpecies*TearsAreSimilartoHumans*6.Whenlearningaforeignlanguage,mostpeoplefallbackontraditionalmethods:reading,writing,listeningandrepeating.Butifyoualsogesturewithyourarmswhilestudying,youcanrememberthevocabularybetter,evenmonthslater.Linkingawordtobrainareasresponsibleformovementstrengthensthememoryofitsmeaning.AsneuroscientistBrianMathiasandhiscolleaguesdescribeintheJournalofNeuroscience,theyhad22German-speakingadultslearnatotalof90inventedartificialwords（suchas"lamube"for"camera"andnatesinfor"thought"）overfourdays.Whilethetestsubjectsfirstheardthenewvocabulary,theyweresimultaneously（同時(shí)地）shownavideoofapersonmakingagesturethatmatchedthemeaningoftheword.Whenthewordwasrepeated,theyweresupposedtoperformthegesturethemselves.Fivemonthslater,theywereaskedtotranslatethevocabularytheyhadlearnedintoGermaninamultiple-choicetest.Atthesametime,theyhadadeviceattachedtotheirheadsthatsentweakpulsestotheirprimarymotorcortex（皮層）-thebrainareathatcontrolsvoluntaryarmmovements.Whentheseinterfering（干擾）signalswereactive,thesubjectsfoundithardertorecallthewordsaccompaniedbygestures.Whenthedevicesentnointerferingsignals（butstillappearedtothesubjectstobeactive）,theyfounditeasiertorememberthewords.Theresearchersconcludedthatthemotorcortexcontributedtothetranslationofthevocabularylearnedwithgestures.Thisappliedtoconcretewords,suchas"camera,“aswellasabstractones,suchas"thought.”“Ourresultsprovideevidenceforwhylearningtechniquesthatinvolvethebody'smotorsystemshouldbeusedmoreoften,“saysMathias."Ithinkweunderusegestureinourclassrooms.Peopleuseitspontaneously（自發(fā)地）,ifthey'regoodteachersandgoodlisteners.Butwedon'tnecessarilybringitintotheclassifwedon*tthinkaboutit.”Whatwerethesubjectsrequiredtodointhetest?Repeatwhatothersubjectsdescribe.Followwhatthepersoninthevideodid.Matchthevocabularywithrelativepictures.Translatethevocabularyintoaforeignlanguage.Whywerepulsessenttothesubjects*motorcortex?Tocontroltheirbodymovements.Toshelterotherinterferingsignals.Toidentifythefunctionofthemotorcortex.Toconfirmtheabstractthoughtsintheirmind.WhatisBrianMathias'sexpectationoftheresearch?A.Itwillbecarriedoutmorefrequently.C.Itwillbeappliedtoclassroomteaching.A.Itwillbecarriedoutmorefrequently.C.Itwillbeappliedtoclassroomteaching.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?B.Itwillinvolvemoreconcreteobjects.D.Itwillmotivatehiscolleaguestoparticipate.B.RepeatingStrengthensMemoryD.GesturesHelpLearnNewWordsB.RepeatingStrengthensMemoryD.GesturesHelpLearnNewWords7.Asafinancialadviser,myclientscometomeseekinghelpwithgrowingtheirwealth.PerhapsthegreatestlessonIshareisthatbeingrichisn'tadollaramount;itisaperceptionthatincludeshappiness,peaceofmind,comfortandsecurity.There'sabigdifferencebetweenbeingwealthyandfeelingwealthy.Actually,oneofthebestwaysIadviseothersinbuildingtheirwealthisthis:Thesecrettohavingmoreisgivingmore.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewhovolunteerweeklyexhibitanincreaseinhappiness.Donatingyourtimemakesyougratefulforallthatyouhave,andyou'llhavetheunmatchedjoyandexcitementofknowingyoumadeahugeimpactforthegoodofothers.Volunteeringenablesyoutoincreaseyourrelationshipskillsandencouragesyoutohaveconversationswithpeoplefromverydifferentwalksoflife.Youcanevenmakenewfriends.Itisalsoawonderfulactivitythatfamiliescandotogether.Thishastheaddedbenefitofservingasagoodrolemodeltoyourchildren.Iamencouragingmykidstovolunteerandexperiencethepowerofloveforthemselves.Withoutfail,everytimeIvolunteer,Ihaveconversationsthatchangemylifeinsomeway.Iwasoncevolunteeringatalocalshelterandstruckupaconversationwithothervolunteers.Aswechatted,weallsuddenlyrealized:Themassivegratitudeofthosereceivinghelpactedlikeanuclearbombgoingoffinourhearts,anditalsotouchedtheothervolunteers,makingusallrealizehowtrulyblessedweare.Givingourtime,moneyandenergygivesusasenseofachievementlikenothingelse.If''wealth*'reallyisaperceptionofhappiness,comfortandsecurity,wemustlearntogetoutsideourownexperienceandunderstandwhatwealthmeanstootherpeople..Whatistheauthor'sunderstandingofwealth?A.Itismoreofastateofmind.C.Ithassomethingtodowithfinance.B.Ttgivesonethedutytohelpothers.A.Itismoreofastateofmind.C.Ithassomethingtodowithfinance.B.Ttgivesonethedutytohelpothers.D.Itliftspeople'sspiritslikenothingelse..Whatmakesapersonappreciatewhathehasalreadyowned?A.Winningpeople'srecognition.C.Makingadeepimpressiononothers.3.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Benefitsofvolunteering.B.Spendingtimehelpingothers.A.Winningpeople'srecognition.C.Makingadeepimpressiononothers.3.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Benefitsofvolunteering.B.Spendingtimehelpingothers.D.Improvingone'sinterpersonalskills.B.Parents*rolesinafamily.C.Importanceofsocialskills.D.Waysofbeingavolunteer.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ARoadtoRealWealthinLifeB.ALessoninWealthManagementC.ADifferentWaytoPursueHappinessD.ALife-changingVolunteeringExperience8.Whenweseesomeoneforthefirsttime,weinterpretmanytinythingsfromtheirfaces.Butsincethepandemicbegan,wehaveoftenbeeninteractingwithpeoplewhosefaceswecanonlyhalfsee.Andthisgoesbothways,weakeningourabilitytoofferafriendlysmile.Sowhatdoesitmeantogomorethanayearwithoutseeingsmilesassteadilyaswedidbefore?A2020researchpaperintheJournalofCosmeticDermatologyfoundthatdividingthefaceintoavisiblehalfandinvisiblehalfmightenhancetheperceptionofnegat