2021-2022年四川省宜賓市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級真題一卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.CreativeJustice

Throwingcriminalsinjailisanancientandwidespreadmethodofpunishment,butisitawiseone?Itdoesseemreasonabletokeepwrongdoersinaplacewheretheyfindfeweropportunitiestohurtinnocentpeople,andwheretheymightdiscoverthatcrimedoesn'tpay.Thesystemhaslongbeenconsideredfairandsoundbythosewhowanttoseetheguiltypunishedandsocietyprotected.Yetthevalueofthisform.ofjusticeisnowbeingquestionedbytheverymenwhohavetoapplyit:thejudges.Thereason,theysay,isthatprisondoesn'tdoanyoneanygood.

Doesitreallyhelpsociety,orthevictim,orthevictim'sfamily,toputinjailamanwho,whiledrunkatthewheelofhiscar,hasinjuredorkilledanotherperson?Itwouldbemorehelpfultomakethemanpayforhisvictim'smedicalbillsandcompensatehimforthebadexperience,thelossofworkingtime,andanyotherproblemsarisingfromtheaccident.Ifthevictimisdead,inmostcaseshisfamilycouldusesomefinancialassistance.

Theideaofcompensationisfarfromnew:someancientnationshadlawsdefiningverypreciselywhatshouldbepaidforeveryoffenseandinjury.InBabylon,around2700B.C.,athiefhadtogivebackfivetimesthevalueofthegoodshehadstolen;inRome,centurieslater,thievesonlypaiddouble."Goodsystem!"saymodernjudges,whoknowwhatbadeffectsaprisontermcanhaveonanonviolentfirstoffender.Ayoungthiefwhospendstimeinjailreceivesthereathorougheducationincrimefromhisfellowprisoners.Willinglyornot,hehastoassociatewithtoughcriminalswhowilldraghimintomoreseriousoffenses,moreprisonterms—alifeofrepeatedwrongdoingthatwillleaveatrailofvictimsandcostthecommunityagreatdealofmoney;foritisveryexpensivetoputamanontrialandkeephiminjail.

SuchconsiderationshavecausedanumberofEnglishandAmericanjudgestotryotherkindsofpunishmentfor"light"criminals,allunpleasantenoughtodiscouragetheoffendersfromrepeatingtheiroffenses,butsafeforthembecausetheyarenotexposedtodangerouscompany.Theypayfortheircrimebyhelpingtheirvictims,financiallyorotherwise,orbydoingunpaidlaborfortheircommunity;theymayhavetoworkforthepoororthementallyill,tocleanthestreetsoftheirtown,collectlittleorplanttrees,ortodosomeworkforwhichtheyarequalified.Orperhapstheytakeajobandrepaytheirvictimoutoftheirsalary.Thissortofpunishment,calledanalternativesentence,isappliedonlytononviolentcriminalswhoarenotlikelytobedangeroustothepublic,suchasforgers,shoplifters,anddriverswt,ohavecausedtrafficaccidents.Alternativesentencesareconsideredparticularlygoodforyoungoffenders.Thesentencedcriminalhastherighttorefusethenewtypeofpunishmentifheprefersaprisonterm.

Sincealternativesentencesarenotdefinedbylaw,itisuptothejudgestofindthepunishmentthatfitsthecrime.Theyhaveshownremarkableimaginationinapplyingwhattheycall"creativejustice."

Adentistconvictedofkillingamotorcyclistwhiledrivingdrunkhasbeencondemnedtofixtheteethofthepoorandtheelderlyathisownexpenseonedayaweekforafullyear.Anotherdrunkdriver(agenineteen)wasorderedtoworkintheemergencyroomofahospitalonceaweekforthreeyears,sothathecouldseeforhimselftheresultsofcarelessdriving.

Athiefwhohadstolensomeequipmentfromafarmerhadtoraiseapigandacalfforhisvictim.Aformercitytreasurer,guiltyofdishonestactions,wasputtoraisingmoneyfortheRedCross.

Agroupofteenagersweresentencedtofixtentimesthenumberofwindowsthattheyhadsmashed"justforfun"onewildevening.Graffitiartistshavebeenmadetoscrubwalls,benches,andother

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

WhatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratebymentioningaCEOandajanitor?

A.Ajanitormayhavetoworkharderforsuccess.

B.Writingskillsaresimilarlyimportantforthem.

C.ACEOneedsabetterwritingskillthanajanitor.

D.Theirabilitieshavenothingtodowiththeirjobs.

3.

Consumerswouldliketotakeinlesscaloriessofoodmanufacturersoftenprintasmallercalorienumberonafoodpacket.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.Thedisabilityinsuranceobtainedbytheemployeebenefitsplanis______.

A.notenoughforadecentliving

B.quiteenoughforadecentliving

C.betterthanthesalarybyworkingregularly

D.asequalasyouroriginalweeklysalary

5.Sustainabilityhasabroadermeaningnow,includingecologyandbiodiversityarchitecture,engineering,rbanplanning,etc.,andithasbecomea______.

6.

Whena"falserule"isappliedtoyoursituation,______.

A.itcanbeofnohelpwithyourproblem

B.itmaymisleadyoutoafalsedirection

C.itmaymakeyourproblemmorecomplicated

D.itmayofferyouabrand-newoutlook

7.

Themainreasonwhyanorganiccompoundisvitalisthat______.

8.

Playingintheathleticfields,childrenstillneed______sothattheplaytimecanbemoreeffectiveandproductive.

9.

Theauthor______thattheU.N.SecurityCouncilshouldnotonlydenounceIran’sactionsbutagreeonanoilembargoandabanoninvestmentinIran.

10.

Deniedaspotontheswimmingteamisaseriousfailuretoakidbutitcanalsoberegardedas______.

11.Theauthor'sexperienceinBangkokshowsthat______.

A.therestoftheworldprovestobeextremelyrisky

B.peopleshouldnotbeafraidofvisitingothercountries

C.thelocalsareunawareofthesecretpoliticalprotests

D.thenewshelpspeoplestayawayfromdangerousplaces

12.

ThebookSilentSpringhaschangedourthinkingbyprovidinguswithanentirelynewanddifferentwayof______.

13.

Increasedultravioletradiationwouldleadtoagrowingnumber______.

14.

Somesweetfoods,______________________,containchocolate.

15.

Duetosoilerosion,peoplelivingintheforestregionshavetomigrateannuallyinorderto______.

16.

Humanreproductiondependsonarangeofactivitiesandeventsand______.

17.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispartyouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B).C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

HowtoRetireEarlier

It'severyworkingstaff'sdream:sayinggoodbyetothedailygrindwhileyoustillhaveyourownteeth.Inourearlyretirementfantasies,we'retravelingtheworld,healthyandintheprimeofourlives,visitingthosehard-to-pronouncecountrieswe'vealwaystalkedaboutandsamplingthefinestlocalfare.

Retirement-relatedProblems

Surveysshowthatmorethanhalfofworkersbetweentheagesof30and50plantoretirebeforethey're60.Butthere'sonlyoneproblemwiththiswishfulthinking:Retiringearlyiseasy,butmakingyourmoneylastishard.

Oneproblemwithsavingupforearlyretirementisthatwetendnottothinkbeyondthosefirstfewgloriousyearsofgoodhealthandfullcheckingaccounts-wedon'tdothelong-termmath.Iftheaveragemalelifeexpectancyis75.2andweretireat55,thenoursavings,andstockmarketinvestmentsneedtolastfor20years.Andwhatifweliveevenlongerthanaverage?

Anddon'tforgetthatlifecangettrickyduringthoselastfiveortenyears.Veryfewfortunatesoulsdriftawayintheirsleepatage88withouteverhavingmajorsurgeries,hospitalizationsorchronic(andexpensive)conditionstomanage-nottomentiontheever-increasingcostsofmedicalinsuranceandprescriptiondrugs.

Whilewetendtooverestimateourhealth,weunderestimateourpost-retirementfinancialneeds.A2002surveyfoundthatonly17percentofworkersthoughtthey'dneed80percentoftheirsalaryafterretirement.Fortypercentthoughtthey'dbefinewith60percentofcurrentearnings.Thatmightsufficeforafewgoodyears,butthelongeryoulive,thelesschanceyourmoneywilllast.

Furthermore.isn'titpossiblethattravelingtheworldandlivingoutofasuitcasecouldgetprettytedious?Didyoueverthinkthatyoumightbeboredwithoutadayjob?Doyouhaveenoughhobbiesandintereststosustainyoufor20to30yearswithoutbusinesstrips,deadlinesanddailymeetings?

Butdon'tgetdiscouraged.Ifyou'reseriousaboutretiringearlyanddedicatedtomakingitwork,youcanmakeithappen.Allittakesissomeseriousfinancialplanning,astrictbudgetandsomegoodold-fashionedluck.

Sohowdoyoustartplanningforanearlyretirement?Whatarethemostimportantcalculations?Whataresomecommonmistakes?

FinancialPlanning

Thefirststepwhenplanningforanearlyretirementistofigureoutexactlyhowmuchmoneyyouhaverightnow.Thisiscalledyournetworth.Networthiscalculatedbyaddingupallofyourassets(cash,stocks,retirementaccountsandthevalueofyourhome)andsubtractingallofyouroutstandingdebt(mortgage,studentloansandcreditcarddebt).

Whenyouknowhowmuchyouhave,youneedtofigureouthowmuchmoneyyou'llneedwhenyouretire.Thisamountdependsonseveralfactors:whatyouwanttodowhenyouretire,howearlyyouwanttoretireandwhatstandardoflivingyouwanttoenjoywhenretired.

Ifyouwanttokeepupyourcurrentstandardoflivingasaretiree,theruleofthumbisthatyou'llbespendingmonthlyatleast80percentofwhatyou'respendingnow.Thatother20percentyouwon'tbespendingaccountsforwork-relatedexpenses:gasorpublictransportationfaresforyourcommute,drycleaningbills,lunchesandthelike.Butifyouplant

A.Becauseoldpeopletendtosleepmorethanaverage.

B.Becauseoldpeople'shealthusuallyfailsduringthattime.

C.Becausethelifeafterretirementcouldbeverylongorveryshort.

D.Becausesomeoldpeoplecannotenduremajorsurgeries.

18.

TheUnitedStateshasturneditselffromahegemonicpowertoaguardianofdemocracybytheintroductionof______totheMiddleEast.

19.

Now,theforeignteachergetsnolessthan5,500yuanpermonthfora12hourworkweekplusalltheotherbenefitsbecausetheauthorityhasrealizedthatthefirstofferwastoolow.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Inordertopreventpeoplefromcrying,thegeneticistshaveinventedtheno-tearsunion______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(35)

A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Indifferent.D.Stronglysupportive.

22.(39)

23.(19)

A.Hewasfuriouswithhisboss.

B.Hewasalwayslatetowork.

C.Hisdaughterwassickandthatmadehimlateforwork.

D.Hepreparedafinancialreportincorrectly.

24.(28)

A.Theythoughttobuythingsbeforethepriceswentup.

B.TheyboughtthingsbecausetheyrememberedtheGreatDepression.

C.Theywereconcernedaboutspendingmoney.

D.Theydidn'twanttospoiltheftchildren.

25.(37)

A.Therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofjobsadvertised.

B.Therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofapplicantswithdegrees.

C.Jobsaxebecomingmuchmorecomplicatednowadays.

D.Theotherprocessesofapplyingforjobsaxemorecomplicated.

26.(18)

A.TheirneighborMr.Churchillwillhelpthempaintthehouse.

B.Theirhouseisstillnewandneedn'tanypaintwork.

C.Theywillaskaboutthefeebeforehavingtheirhousepainted.

D.Theyhavetopainttheirhouseontheirownforlackofmoney.

27.聽力原文：W:WereallthereferencebooksIrecommendedlastweekuseful,Carter?

M:Yes,professor.We'reallgratefultoyouandmanyofushopetohaveopportunitiestotalkwithyousothatwecantakemoreadvicefromyou.

Q:Whatcanweconcludefromtheconversation?

(18)

A.Themanhasborrowedbooksfromthewoman.

B.Thewomanhasborrowedbooksfromtheman.

C.Thewomanwouldliketogivemoreadvicetotheman.

D.Themanappreciatesthebooksrecommendedbythewoman.

28.聽力原文：W:WhenIgoonadiet,Ieatonlyfruit,andthattakesoffweightquickly.

M:IprefertoeatwhateverIwant,andthenrunregularlytoloseweight.

Q:Howdoesthemancontrolhisweight?

(19)

A.Bygoingonadiet.

B.Bydoingphysicalexercise.

C.Byhavingfewermeals.

D.Byeatingfruitandvegetables.

29.

【B10】

30.

【B3】

31.

【B9】

32.聽力原文：M:Ihopeyoudon'tmind,butIwantverymuchtowatchthegamethiscomingSunday.

W:Icertainlydomind,butthere'snotverymuchIcandoaboutit,isthere?

Q:Whatwasthewomanobjectingto?

(13)

A.Missinganengagement.

B.Goingtoagame.

C.Herhusband'swatchingagame.

D.Herhusband'sabsence.

33.(29)

A.Introducingreaderstounfamiliarsituations.

B.Remindingreadersofthetruth.

C.Informingpeoplenewscientificdevelopment.

D.Tellingpeoplehowtoservetheircommunities.

34.(24)

A.Ithasbeenthebestsellerforweeks.

B.Itadvisespeopletochangethemselves.

C.Itisbeingsoldataverylowprice.

D.Itdistinguishescooperators.

35.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Therearemanyargumentsforandagainsttheinterviewasaselectionprocedure.Themainargumentagainstitisthatitresultsinawholly【B1】______decision.Asoftenasnot,employersdonotchoosethebestcandidate,theychoosethecandidatewhomakesagoodfirstimpressiononthem.Someemployers,ofcourse,【B2】______tothisargumentbysayingthattheyhavebecomeso【B3】______ininterviewingstaffthattheyareabletomakeasound【B4】______ofeachcandidate'slikelyperformance.

Themainargumentinfavoroftheinterviewisthatanemployerisconcernednotonlywithacandidate'sability,butwiththe【B5】______ofhisorherpersonalityfortheparticularworksituation.Manyemployers,forexample,willoverlookoccasional【B6】______fromtheirsecretaryprovidedshehasapleasantpersonality.

Itisperhapstruetosay,therefore,thattherealpurposeofaninterviewisnottoassesstheassessable【B7】______ofeachcandidatebuttomakeaguessatthemore【B8】______things,suchaspersonality,characterandsocialability.Unfortunately,【B9】______,therearemanypeopleofgreatabilitywhosimplydonotinterviewwell.【B10】______.Theyareeitherveryshyorover-confident.Theyshow【B11】______.Theyareeitherover-politeorrudelyabrupt.

【B1】

36.聽力原文：W:WhyisBobsotiredandupset?

M:He'sbeenstudyingdayandnightforhisfinalexams.Iwarnedhimmanytimestoprepareearlier,buthewouldn'tlisten.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(15)

A.Bobistootiredtostudyanymore.

B.HetoldBobnottostudylateatnight.

C.HehadoftenadvisedBobtostudy.

D.Bobdidn'thearthealarm.

37.聽力原文：Wecanagreewithprimitivemanthatfoodisabasicneed,butwedifferfromhiminourfoodwantsbecauseofthewidevarietyoffoodwehaveavailablecomparedwithhim;wehaveawiderchoice.Takefruitforexample,notonlycanweenjoythefruitsgrowninhiscentury,butbecauseofmodernmethodsoftransportandfoodpreservation,wecanalsoenjoythemorefruitsfromforeigncountriesthousandsofmilesaway,whereasprimitivemanislimitedinhischoicetothekindsoffruitwhichactuallygrowwherehelives.

Howevertheydifferinsatisfyingtheirhunger,primitiveandcivilizedmenbothexperiencethebasicneedforfood.

Thesameistrueofthesecondofourhumanneed.Clothingisnecessarytoregulatetheheatofourbodies.Sinceweliveinatemperateclimateweneedmoreclothesthanpeoplelivingintropicconditions.Likewise,ourclothingneedstochangewithseasons.

Shelter,thethirdofourneeds,dependsupontheclimate,theskillofthebuilder,one'ssocialposition,andthematerialsavailable.Thesimpleshelterofprimitivemanwouldnotdoforns,andyetitsatisfieshisneeds.Thethree-bedroomsuburbanhouseoftheaveragefamilywouldnotbegrandenoughforarichfamily,andyetthemodernhousecontainsmanyofthematerialcomfortswhichweredeniedtotheKingsandQueensofold.

(33)

A.Foodisnolongerabasicneedforus,whileitwasforprimitivepeople.

B.Weeatawidevarietyoffood.

C.Wenolongereatfruitthatprimitivepeopleeverate.

D.Weeatmorefoodthanprimitivepeopledo.

38.【B9】

39.(21)

A.Tobeamathematician.

B.Towritehisownbooks.

C.Toteachinhighschool.

D.Tobeamedicaldoctor.

40.聽力原文：M：Hey，doyouknowwhereMariais?ProfessorLeewantstotalkwithherathisoffice，youknow，abouttheexam．

W：I'mnotsure．

Q：Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

(13)

A.Mariaisinthelibrarynow.

B.Mariadidn'tpasstheexam.

C.Mariaisprobablyacollegestudent.

D.ThemanwantstoseeMariaathisoffice.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas______.

A.hypotheticalB.humorousC.exaggerativeD.philosophical

42.

WhatkindofrelationshipisreflectedbetweenMr.Dantasandgovernmentinthepassage?

A.Hisinfluenceongovernmentmayreducehisnotorietyandcrime.

B.Inbusinessprivatization,heparticipatedwithdemandingexpertise.

C.HenevermeetsthePresidenthimself.

D.Peopleknowinghimdeemthathewassheerevil.

43.Lifeonearthdependsonwater,andthereisnosubstituteforit.Thecurrentassumptionisthatourbasicneedsforwater-whetherfordrinking,agriculture,industryortheraisingoffish-willalwayshavetobemet.Giventhatpremise,therearetwobasicrouteswecango:moreequitable(平衡的)accesstowaterormoredrasticengineeringsolutions.

Lookingattheengineeringsolutionfirst,alotofmyresearchconcentratesonwhathappenstowetlandswhenyoubuilddamsinriverbasins,particularlyinAfrica.Theecologyofsuchareasisalmostentirelydrivenbytheseasonalregimeoftheriver—thepulseofthewater.Andthefactisthatifyoubuildadam,yougenerallywreckthedownstreamecology.Inthepast,suchproblemshavebeenhiddenbyalackofinformation.Butinthiscentury,governmentswillhavenoexcusefortheirignorance.

Theengineers'abilitytocontrolwaterflowshascreatednewkindsofunpredictabilitytoo.DamsinAfricahavemeantfewerfish,lessgrazingandlessfloodplain(泛濫平原)agriculture,noneofwhichwereanticipated.Andtheiraverageeconomiclifeisassumedtobethirtyyears.Damsdon'texistforever,butwhatwillreplacethemisnotclear.

Thechallengeforthenextdecadeistofindnewmeansofcontrollingwater.AlthoughGMtechnologywillallowustobreedbetterdry-landcrops,thereisnomarketincentiveforcompaniestodevelopcropssuitableforthemicro-climatesoftheSahelandelsewhereinAfrica.WhoisgoingtopayforresearchonlocallyappropriatecropsintheThirdWorld?

Thisbringsustothekeyissueinanydiscussionofwater:money.Totalkaboutawatercrisiscoversdifficultproblemssuchaspoverty.InthenextdecadeeveryhouseholdinBritainwillhaveawatermeter,andwewillpayforwhatweusejustaswedoforgasorelectricity.ThatcanberesolvedandasimilarsystemwilleventuallybeadoptedacrossEuropeandtheUS.ButconsidertheproblemsofwatersupplyinMexicoCityorDelhi.Ifyou'rerich,youdrinkmineralwaterandmayevenhaveaswimming-pool—yetmillionsinsuchcitiescan'tgetsafedrinkingwater.Thereisacomingwatercrisiswhichisoneforthepoor.

Theword"premise"(Para.1)probablymeans"______".

A.assumptionB.promiseC.needD.crisis

44.

Whatmightbetheconsequentialresultofviolentmovementsinexchangerates?

45.

Accordingtothepassage,theword"colorectal"(Line1,Para.9)means______.

A.coloncancerB.heartattackC.ulcerD.Lynchsyndrome

46.

Accordingtothepassage,theconstituencieschoosetheMPswho______.

A.willsupportthegovernmentinoffice

B.willrepresenttheviewsofthepartieswhichtheMPsbelongto

C.willstandagainsttheproposalsoftheMPselectedbyotherconstituencies

D.willrepresenttheirviewsintheHouseofParliament

47.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthosewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinsmallvillages?

A.Arrogant.B.Original.C.Insensitive.D.Quiet.

48.Someresponsesandbehaviorsmayappearveryillogical,butarejustifiableif______.

A.linkedtoanabnormalamountofassertiveness

B.seenasone'shabitualpatternofbehavior

C.takenaspartofanorderingsequence

D.expressedtoaseriesofcharges

49.

Whichwordhasthesimilarmeaningto"irritant"inParagraph3?

A.disagreementB.misunderstandingC.annoyanceD.interference

50.

Whywouldanti-AIDSdrugsstopworking?

51.

Theauthorthinksthatthevalueofamancanbe______.

A.discoveredwithoutphysicalcontact

B.discoveredonlythroughfrequentmeetings

C.foundinhisexternalappearance

D.discoveredthroughsuperficialcontacts

52.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

YearsbeforePresidentBillClintoncametoWashingtonwithhiscampaignpledgetospendanadditional＄20,000millionannuallyonAmerica'sinfrastructure"todeveloptheworld'sbestcommunication,transportation,andenvironmentalsystems,"economistsandothersweretalkingabouttheneedtospendmoreonpublicworks.Theirdebatehasbeenalmostentirelyaboutonequestion:howmuchmore?Usuallyoverlookedintheseindiscussionsistherealinfrastructuredilemmaofthe21stcentury--nothowmuchtospendbuthowtodecidewhattobuildandwheretobuildit.

Forseveralreasons,theoldwaysofdecidingthesematterssimplydonotworkanymore.Americanstodayarefarmoreskepticalaboutthevalueofnewroads,bridges,andsewagetreatmentplantsespeciallywhentheyarelocatedintheirown.backyards.Theirfaiththatdecisionsaboutpublicworkscanbesafelyleftinthehandsofpublicofficials,engineers,andothertechnicalexpertsisgone.

Reflectingin1985uponthefinaldemiseofWestway,theproposedhighwayalongManhattan'sWestSidethathadbeenheldupfor30years,SenatorDanielPatrickMoynihanofNewYorkwrote,"Thereisakindofstasisthatisbeginningtosettleintoourpubliclife.Wecannotreachdecisions.Centralparkcouldnotconceivablybebuilttodayasitwaswhentherewasenoughpoweringovernmenttomakethedecision.Wedon'thavethatcapacity."

Thepersistenceofthepublicworksporkbarrel(地方建設(shè)經(jīng)費(fèi))—fundingblatantlypoliticalprojects--hasalsocontributedtopublicskepticism.InthesameyearthatMoynihandecriedthedeathofWestway,localpoliticiansthe＄1,800millionTennesseeTombigbeeWaterway,recentlydescribedbytheAtlantaJournalConstitutionas"abrokenpromise."Aclassicporkbarrelproject,thewaterwaycarriesonlyone-tenththecommercialbargetrafficthathadbeenprojected.

Economists'debatehasneglectedthequestionofhow______.

53.

Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?

A.Astrictlawagainstcomputercrimesmustbeenforced.

B.Companiesneedtoimposerestrictiononconfidentialinformation.

C.Companieswillguardagainstcomputercrimestoprotecttheirreputation.

D.Companiesusuallyhesitatetouncovercomputercrimes.

54.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Incitieswithrentcontrol,thecitygovernmentsetsthemaximumrentthatalandlordcanchargeforanapartment.Supportersofrentcontrolarguethatitprotectspeoplewhoarelivinginapartments.Theirrentcannotincrease;therefore,theyarenotindangeroflosingtheirhomes.However,thecriticssaythatafteralongtime,rentcontrolmayhavenegativeeffects.Landlordsknowthattheycannotincreasetheirprofits.Therefore,theyinvestinotherbusinesseswheretheycanincreasetheirprofits.Theydonotinvestinnewbuildingswhichwouldalsoberent-controlled.Asaresult,newapartmentsarenotbuilt.Manypeoplewhoneedapartmentscannotfindany.Accordingtothecritics,theendresultofrentcontrolisashortageofapartmentsinthecity.

Sometheoristsarguethattheminimumwagelawcancauseproblemsinthesameway.Thefederalgovernmentsetstheminimumthatanemployermustpayworkers.Theminimumhelpspeoplewhogenerallylookforunskilled,low-payingjobs.However,iftheminimumishigh,employersmayfairefewerworkers.Theywillreplaceworkerswithmachinery.Theprice,whichisthewagethatemployersmustpay,increases.Therefore,otherthingsbeingequal,thenumberofworkersthatemployerswantdecreases.Thus,criticsclaim,anincreaseintheminimumwagemaycauseunemployment.Somepoorpeoplemayfindthemselveswithoutjobsinsteadofwithjobsattheminimumwage.

Supportersoftheminimumwagesaythatithelpspeoplekeeptheirdignity.Becauseofthelaw,workerscannotselltheirservicesforlessthantheminimum.Furthermore,employerscannotforceworkerstoacceptjobsatunfairwages.

Economictheorypredictstheresultsofeconomicdecisionssuchasdecisionsaboutfarmproduction,rentcontrol,andtheminimumwage.Thepredictionsmaybecorrectonlyif"otherthingsareequal."

Thereisthepossibilitythatsettingmaximumrentmay______.

55.

Theword"alleviate"(Paragraph2)isnearestinmeaningto______.

A.relieveB.avoidC.eliminateD.terminate

56.

Stanleythoughtthat______wastoblameforthecities'collapseinthemiddleoftheeighthcenturyA.D.

57.Theword"ritualistically"inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone______.

A.kind-heartedly

B.light-heartedly

C.inawayofceremony

D.withlessemphasis

58.

Manufacturersmentionedinthepassagewereobligedtomakethebestofwarninglabelssoasto______.

59.

Whathappenedwhentheionizedhydrogenbecamemoretransparent?

60.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefu