1讀后續(xù)寫構(gòu)思方法漢堡包法構(gòu)思大框架：Step1：確定第二段的結(jié)局，即全文大結(jié)局情節(jié)Step2：根據(jù)第二段首句，確定第一段結(jié)尾情節(jié)Step3:根據(jù)第一段首句及確定好的第一段結(jié)尾情節(jié)，構(gòu)思第一段中間部分情節(jié)Step4：根據(jù)第二段首句及確定好的大結(jié)局情節(jié)，構(gòu)思第二段的中間部分2構(gòu)思具體情節(jié)的3大方法：1.思維導(dǎo)圖法2.表格法3.提問法3OneweekendinJuly,Janeandherhusband,Tom,haddriventhreehourstocampovernightbyalakeintheforest.Unfortunately,onthewayanunpleasantsubjectcameupandtheystartedtoquarrel.Bythetimetheyreachedthelake,JanewassoangrythatshesaidtoTom.“I'mgoingtofindabetterspotforustocamp"andwalkedaway.4Withnopathtofollow,Janejustwalkedonforquitealongtime.Aftershehadclimbedtoahighplace.sheturnedaround,hopingtoseethelake.Tohersurprise,shesawnothingbutforestand,farbeyond,asnowcappedmountaintop.Shesuddenlyrealizedthatshewaslost.“Tom!"shecried."Help!"5Noreply.IfonlyshehadnotlefthermobilephoneinthatbagwithTom.Janekeptmoving,butthefarthershewalked,themoreconfusedshebecame.Asnightwasbeginningtofall,Janewassotiredthatshehadtostopforthenight.Lyingawakeinthedark,JanewantedverymuchtobewithTomandherfamily.Shewantedtoholdhimandtellhimhowmuchshelovedhim.6Janeroseatthebreakofday,hungryandthirsty.Shecouldhearwatertrickling(滴落）somewhereatadistance.Quicklyshefollowedthesoundtoastream.Tohergreatjoy,shealsosawsomeberrybushes.Shedrankandateafewberries.Neverinherlifehadshetastedanythingbetter.Feelingstrongernow.Janebegantowalkalongthestreamandhopeitwouldleadhertothelake.7Asshepickedherwaycarefullyalongthestream,Janeheardahelicopter.Isthatforme?Unfortunately,thetreesmadeitimpossibleforpeopletoseeherfromabove.Afewminuteslater,anotherhelicopterflewoverhead.Janetookoffheryellowblouse,thinkingthatsheshouldgotoanopenareaandflagthemiftheycamebackagain.8Paragraph1Butnomorehelicopterscameanditwasgettingdarkagain.Paragraph2ItwasdaybreakwhenJanewokeup.9思維導(dǎo)圖法PossibleendingsThehelicoptercameandJanewassaved.Janewalkedalongthestreamandfoundthewayout.Janedidn`tmanagetosurvive.10JaneActionsWordsThoughtsLooksAnxiety,tirednessexhaustedscareddesperatelaydownmissedcriedIfi...11Butnomorehelicopterscameanditwasgettingdarkagain.Immediatelyanabsolutedarknessruledtheforest.Jane,exhaustedandscared,laydownnearastone,missingherfamilyatadistance.Allthefantasticmemorycrowdedinandshecouldn'thelpcrying,``Hadn'tIquarreledwithTom,walkedawayandclimbedtothehighplace,Iwouldn'tbetrappedinthisawfulplace,confrontedwiththedangerofdying.``Sheregrettedwithanxietyandtiredness,andthenbecameasleepwiththeshiningtearsinhereyes.

第一段范文12表格法WhatdidJanedo?HowdidJanefeel?JanelaydownDesperate,exhausted,afraidMemories

withherhusbandcrowedinCourageousMakeafireandfoundsettledbarrierstoeatSettledFellfastasleephopeful13提問法Butnomorehelicopterscameanditwasgettingdarkagain.Q1HowdidJanefeelatthebeginning?A1

Q2WhatdidJanedointheforest?A2Q3HowdidJanethinkofherownbehavior?A3第一段Shefeltfrightened.Shewalkeddownalongastream.Shefeltregretful.14提問法Q4WhatwouldhappenbeforeJanewokeup?

A4兩段過度Shefeltasleep.15提問法ItwasdaybreakwhenJanewokeup.Q5Afterwakingup,whatdidJanedo?A5

Q6HowcouldJanebesaved?A6Q7HowdidJanefeelintheend?A7第二段Shecontinuedwalkingalongthestreamtofindthewayout..Byahelicopter.Shefeltrelieved.以上為續(xù)寫故事的主要情節(jié)發(fā)展，但成功的續(xù)寫要注意以下幾個方面:1，情節(jié)的合理性；2，情節(jié)的連貫性；3，語句的連貫性4，語言風(fēng)格的連貫性；5，結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性。161.情節(jié)的合理性：基于生活，合情合理續(xù)寫是在原文故事發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上合理增加情節(jié)。這些情節(jié)要符合生活實(shí)際,不能脫離生活常識。即使是虛構(gòu)的，其內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中可能發(fā)生的，不能為了追求故事的離奇曲折而編得天花亂墜，使人難以相信。以下是一些違背合理性的續(xù)寫實(shí)例，需要避免。17如為了增加驚險感,有的學(xué)生寫“SuddenlyatigerjumpedatJanefromtheforest";也有學(xué)生寫wolf或者bear跳出來，把Jane咬傷了;還有學(xué)生寫“Janetouchedtheanimalanditlaydown”，就更離奇了。2018年6月卷中，原文說“我”和父親在森林里迷路，續(xù)寫時好幾個學(xué)生這樣寫:“UnclePaul'ssheepcame.Wefollowedithome."其中有個學(xué)生還將羊命名為Kyle，但那不是原文中UnclePaul其中一個兒子的名字嗎?可見原文閱讀非常不仔細(xì)。有個別學(xué)生甚至寫突然天空中出現(xiàn)一個oldman來給“我”和父親指路，估計(jì)小時候《西游記》看多了吧!要注意，續(xù)寫是現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中發(fā)生的故事，不是寫神話故事，也不是寫科幻小說。18192018年6月卷中，題目提供的第一段段首句為:“Suddenlyalittlerabbitjumpedoutinfrontofmyhorse."按照情節(jié)推理，接下來的情節(jié)應(yīng)該是馬受驚嚇亂跑，或者作者看到兔子去追，從而導(dǎo)致迷路。在寫“追兔子”的學(xué)生里面，有的學(xué)生寫由于好奇或兔子可愛去追，是可以的;有的學(xué)生寫想把兔子帶回家當(dāng)寵物養(yǎng)的，也可以。但還有不少“吃貨”學(xué)生，寫想吃兔子肉而追，而且寫了五花八門的吃法，有的cookinthewater,有的cookonthefire。這樣不僅有悖生活情理，也有悖“作文要思想健康”這一條，所以都是情節(jié)不合理的續(xù)寫。2.情節(jié)的連貫性：基于原文，同源共流1.續(xù)寫情節(jié)要符合原文情節(jié)的內(nèi)容和邏輯（1）不要增加主要角色

一般來說，故事發(fā)展總是集中在主要角色，所以后續(xù)情節(jié)盡量不要節(jié)外生枝，隨意增減角色，更不要變換主人公，避免造成故事沒按照原文邏輯發(fā)展。20Janewassogladtoseeahuntercomethatshewasmovedtotears.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.(2016年10月浙江高考考生)這樣寫就不恰當(dāng)了，不僅憑空冒出了一個“獵人”角色來救女主角，還偏離了原作者的寫作意圖，把吵架迷路后團(tuán)聚的溫馨主題變成了路人拔刀相助的俠義主題。如出一轍，2018年6月的續(xù)寫中“我”和爸爸在森林迷路，同樣有學(xué)生寫碰到獵人或林中隱士給“我們”指明回到UnclePaul家的路。這也是不可取的。21不可以（2）不要隨意添加與原文脫節(jié)的細(xì)節(jié)

Janecaughtafishfromthestreamandarabbitfromtheforest.(2016年10月浙江高考考生)分析原文并沒有提到Jane有如此好的野外生存技能，而且這樣寫也不符合行文邏輯:Jane前一夜是餓著肚子，第二天早上喝溪水、吃野果，怎么到第三天早上突然身懷絕技，能徒手抓魚、獵兔了?顯然這是與原文脫節(jié)的。22不可以(3)避免另起爐灶續(xù)寫情節(jié)不要另起爐灶，故事情節(jié)的延續(xù)發(fā)展要合乎情理。Thenextdayshewaswokenupbyasingingbird.Shesmiledtoitandwalkedawaytofindtherightwaytothelake.Everythingwasgoingbetterwiththesupportofherfamily.(2016年10月浙江高考考生)分析怎么突然間Jane就走出森林了?這樣的續(xù)寫情節(jié)與原文嚴(yán)重脫節(jié)，不合情理。事實(shí)上，續(xù)寫線索都藏在原文里，只要讀透原文，就能合理地設(shè)計(jì)續(xù)寫情節(jié)，下面仍以2016年10月卷為例。23不可以242016年10月卷原文最后一句寫道:“Janetookoffheryellowblouse,thinkingthatsheshouldgotoanopenareaandflagthemiftheycamebackagain."所以，第二段續(xù)寫Jane如何讓自己被直升機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)時，就可以順著尋找anopenarea這一思路寫，如下所示:

Afterhavingsomeberriesandstreamwater,Janewalkedslowlytoanopenareatowaitforherrescue.Suddenly,shespottedahugeflatrock.Shemanagedtoclimbontoitandwaitedwithpatience.

Sosheclimbedupatreewhichwasstrongenoughtoholdherandtiedheryellowblousetothehighestbranches,hopingitcouldbeseenbytheflyinghelicopter.分析以上第二句和第三句中的ahugeflatrock和atree雖然不是空曠的地方，但至少是順著想方設(shè)法被直升機(jī)找到這一思路寫的，都沒問題。25可以可以可以2.續(xù)寫情節(jié)內(nèi)容要與上下文連貫(1)第一段續(xù)寫內(nèi)容要與段首句保持連續(xù)性和致性續(xù)寫第一段的情節(jié)要成為搭建本段與原文、后段的橋梁。它的續(xù)寫內(nèi)容與段首句要保持連續(xù)性和一致性。

26Dadopenedtheboxandasweetlittledogappeared.Whatalovelycatitis!(2020年1月浙江高考考生)分析前句說的是狗，后句瞬間變成貓了。這就前后不一致了。要注意，續(xù)寫不是隨心所欲地寫，而是要在所給段落開頭和原文所標(biāo)示的關(guān)鍵詞的幫助下完成續(xù)寫部分。段首句在某種程度上引導(dǎo)學(xué)生的思路朝這個方向發(fā)展，所續(xù)寫的部分不能脫離各自的段首句而另起爐灶，要在其基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行拓展、發(fā)揮。27不可以仍以2020年1月卷的例子來說明。既然盒子打開，小狗出現(xiàn)，學(xué)生接下來可以寫Poppy的反應(yīng)。Poppyjumpedwithjoyatthesightofthelittledog.Amazedbutcautious,Poppysteppedbackalittle.Poppywasamazed.Shewaggedhertailfuriouslyandbarkedwithjoy(2)第一段續(xù)寫內(nèi)容要與原文內(nèi)容相關(guān)聯(lián)由于故事情節(jié)的順延性，第一段內(nèi)容也要與原文內(nèi)容相關(guān)聯(lián)。下面仍以2020年1月卷為例。28可以Beforelong.thetwodogswerechasingand1jumpingaroundthehouse.Wrappedbytheiryappingandbarking,theparentssmiledinrelief.Butoccasionally,Poppywassillfoundquietwithhereyeswatchinginthedistance.分析這里第一句寫Poppy有了新的伙伴，變得開心了。第二句寫她的主人終于也欣慰地笑了，之前主人想盡一切辦法想讓她開心都沒成功，第二句內(nèi)容情節(jié)與原文“Herownersstartedtogetworried.‘WhatshouldwedotocheerPoppyup?’askedDad.‘‘We’vetriedeverything.’”相一致。第三句寫Poppy偶爾還是會想遠(yuǎn)方的小主人，將原文開管悲傷的告別場果及續(xù)寫第二段重逢時的喜悅場景串聯(lián)起來。29(2)第一段續(xù)寫內(nèi)容要與原文內(nèi)容相關(guān)聯(lián)由于故事情節(jié)的順延性，第一段內(nèi)容也要與原文內(nèi)容相關(guān)聯(lián)。(3)兩段續(xù)寫之間要連貫第一段和第二段要銜接緊密，相互關(guān)聯(lián)，不能獨(dú)立存在。30同理，續(xù)寫時要確保第二段續(xù)寫情節(jié)與前文連貫，包括原文、第一段及段首句。如2020年1月卷第段首句為:“Afewweekslater,theboyarrivedhomefromtheuniversity.”由原文可知，Poppy因?yàn)樾≈魅瞬辉诩叶軅?，現(xiàn)在小主人回家了，所以可以寫她的高興勁兒:NosoonerhadhebentdowntogivePoppyabearhugthanhappykissesraineduponhisface.Hertailwaggingfuriously.Poppybarkedwithjoyasayelpechoedintheneardistanceasiftoremindeveryoneofitspresence.當(dāng)然，Poppy的小伙伴也不能遺漏，一定要提到:Suddenly,theboynoticedthelittledog.或者:Theboyraisedhisheadandsurprisedlyfoundapupbesideaboxgazingathim.313.主題升華切勿脫離主題學(xué)生往往模仿夾敘夾議類文章的寫法，在續(xù)寫最后寫幾句感想，希望能夠從故事中提煉出一點(diǎn)生活哲理，進(jìn)行主題升華。但如果脫離主題，這樣的升華就等于幫倒忙。32以下關(guān)于Jane獲救后的續(xù)寫:Shethoughtitwasanamusingexperience.Itwaspersonalandsomeonenevermetorexperiencedit.Shewasveryluckytohaveone.(2016年浙江高考考生)Inlife,therearealsodifficulties,butnooneshouldtrapyou,asthereislovefromourfamily.Calmdownandbeatthetrouble.(2016年浙江高考考生)盲目抒情、缺乏依據(jù)地升華、無端提煉會產(chǎn)生說空話、套話的現(xiàn)象，甚至脫離主題。33不可以不可以其實(shí)，Jane獲救后的續(xù)寫結(jié)尾完全可以用畫面感的描述來代替評論，如:TomjumpedoffthehelicopterandrushedtowardsJane.Theyhuggedeachothertightlyandburstintotears.ThemomentJanewasreunitedwithherhusband,hertearscloudedhervision.Theyhuggedeachothertightlyinthewarmlightofthemorningsun.此時無聲勝有聲!34連貫性包括句子內(nèi)部、句與句之間及所有段落之間的彼此協(xié)調(diào)，它要求句與句之間有一定的邏輯關(guān)系，各個段落以特定的方式展開，整個篇章前后呼應(yīng)，自始至終緊扣主題。353.語句的連貫性:銜接貫通，滴水不漏邏輯銜接

邏輯銜接，即用過渡詞銜接。與漢語不同，英語經(jīng)常以明確的方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)連貫性。這種明確的銜接方法就是使用表示承啟轉(zhuǎn)接的過渡詞或詞組，如though、however、besides、so、onthecontrary、if、incontrast、similarly、inshort等。過渡詞或詞組的使用使整篇文章形成個統(tǒng)一的整體。以下是高中階段常用的過渡詞(組):3637轉(zhuǎn)折：并列：遞進(jìn)：因果：條件/讓步：次序：時間：位置：強(qiáng)調(diào)：but;instead;however;nevertheless;yetinitially;eventually;next;then…also;and;aswell(as);both…and…besides;furthermore;letalone;moreoverdueto;therefore;nowthat;hence;sothatalthough;anyhow;aslongas;evenifassoonas;when;while…alongside;beyond;farther…aboveall;actually;particularly…38比較/對比：舉例：總結(jié)：推理/選擇：解釋/轉(zhuǎn)化說法：表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)：equally;incontrast;whereas;unlike…thatistosay;inthesamewayifnot;otherwise;prefer…to…;rather…than…inaword;tosumup;generallyspeaking…asfollows;suchas;take…forexample…somewhat;it`sapitythat…;personally…2,指稱銜接指稱銜接也叫做指代銜接。英語中的代詞有以下幾種：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞。3,詞匯銜接詞匯銜接包括三種：重復(fù)、共現(xiàn)、分類。功能：前后照應(yīng)（同義復(fù)現(xiàn)——同義詞近義詞）（共現(xiàn)——組合搭配。例如：泛濫是洪水的結(jié)果，下雨會淋濕衣服）39例如：Afewweekslatertheboyarrivedhomefromuniversity.Immediately,thehousewasturnedintoaseaofhappiness.NosoonerhadhebentdowntogivePoppyabearhugthanhappykissesraineduponhisface.Hertailwaggingfuriously,Poppybarkedwithjoyasayelpechoedintheneardistanceasiftoremindeveryoneofitspresence.(2020年1月浙江高考續(xù)寫原文)4，結(jié)構(gòu)銜接（替代和省略）例：MaccameupwithsuchabrilliantideathatbothBeckyandPaullovedit.ItwasmuchbetterthanthatofPaul.(用一個詞代替上文中的某些詞。)Thecarabruptlystoppedinfrontofhim.“Getin!”Paulshouted,“Quick!”(2017年6月浙江高考續(xù)寫范文)5.通過時態(tài)和語態(tài)的銜接例：Dadsmiled.Hetaponmyshoulder,toldmethatwecanfindthewayhomeaslongaswefindtheriver.Afterseemingalongtime,wefinallyfindariver.Andwegotalongariverwithjoyandadmirethebeautifulflowers.40改:Dadsmiledandtappedmeontheshoulder,tellingmethatwecouldfindthewayhomeaslongaswefoundtheriver.Afterwhatseemedalongtime,ariverwasfinallyspotted,alongwhichwewalkedandadmiredthebeautifulflowerswithgreatjoy.續(xù)寫段落的語言風(fēng)格要與原文的語言風(fēng)格一致。續(xù)寫按照情節(jié)的發(fā)展進(jìn)行延續(xù)，寫作手法上必須以敘為主，以動作描寫為重心，適當(dāng)加心理、場景的描述，合乎邏輯地推進(jìn)情節(jié)。記敘文大都以用詞通俗易懂，寫作不必追求高大上的詞匯，相反，樸實(shí)自然、地道、貼切的詞匯更好。414.語言風(fēng)格的連貫性：風(fēng)格一致，重規(guī)迭矩1、句式豐富副詞放句首起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用、with結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語動詞、感嘆句、倒裝句、定語從句、狀語從句等。例：Immediately,anabsolutedarknessruledtheforestDesperate

and

hopeless,

Janekneltdown,tearsstreamingdown

herface.42時間副詞銜接+環(huán)境描寫并列情緒形容詞+獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Weak

as

shewas,

shestruggledtoherfeet,continuingsearchingforassistance.Slowly

and

hopelessly,shewentalongthestream.Sadly,thehelicopterflewawayagain,which

made

Janeevenmoreupset.43狀態(tài)形容詞＋as/though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句兼狀語從句動作副詞＋情緒副詞情緒副詞＋定語從句Fortunately,ahelicopterflew

overhead

just

at

that

moment.Feeling

disappointed,Janehadtostayaloneforanothernight.Feeling

refreshed

,shecontinuedtowalkalongthestream

to

find

thewayout.Never

in

her

life

had

shetastedanythingbetter.How

frustratedJanewas!44強(qiáng)調(diào)副詞＋動詞＋介詞詞組現(xiàn)在分詞＋情緒形容詞現(xiàn)在分詞＋狀態(tài)形容詞＋todo倒裝句感嘆句With

nopathtofollow,Janejustwalkedonforquitealongtime.Surrounded

by

the

fear

and

tiredness,

Jane

felt

exhausted

and

finally

slid

into

sleep.The

closer

it

flew,the

more

she

waved

the

yellow

blouse.“If

it

weren`t

for

that

stupid

quarrel,I

wouldn`tbetrappedhere,”shethoughttoherself,regretfultearscloudinghereyes.45with結(jié)構(gòu).(過去分詞＋并列動詞＋情緒形容詞用比較級表示最高級虛擬語氣2.生動的語言描寫例.“Oh

Gosh!Iforgotthepillows!”Mumexclaimed.3.善用環(huán)境描寫Theluxuriantforests,thetinyflowersthatperfumedtheair,thegroupsofsheepinthefardistanceandthesingingriverallmademefeelmysoulpurified.4.適當(dāng)運(yùn)用修辭ThedeadsilencebetweenDadandmemadememorenervousandscared.46結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性：首尾呼應(yīng)，彼唱此和1.找線索2.與前文內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)3.終結(jié)句與原文首句或主題句相呼應(yīng)47Part1題目再現(xiàn)48OnaSaturdayafternooninWichitaFalls,Texas,threekidstalkedandlaughedhappilyastheytookturnsridingascooter(滑板車)ontheirquietstreet.11-year-oldTJSmithhadjustjumpedoffthescooterashisneighborsKim,age7,claimedherturn,andJulie,9,lookedon.Tenminuteslater,Kimsatdownonthescootertocatchherbreath,49Thatwaswhenabeardedmanwithaheadofmessyhairappeared.Thekidsdidn'tseewherehecamefrom,buttheysawexactlywhathappenednext:Withoutsayingaword,themanpickedKimupoffthescooterandcalmlysteppedaway.50TheguyheldKimgentlylikeababyandjustwalkeddownthestreetInfact,thecalmwaythemanbehavedledTJtobelievethathemustbearelativeofKim's.Butsomethingwasn'tright.“IcouldseeKim'sface,"TJsaid.“Shewasscared.Asthemanwalkedon,Kim'sfeartransformedintoweeps,andthenshecriedforhelp.Shebegankickingandmoving,tryingtogetfreeoftheman'scontrol.“Whatareyoudoing?"Julieshouted.Buttheman,undisturbed,justwalkedthelengthoftheblockuntilhereachedanalley(小巷)anddisappeared.51TJwasfrightened,yetheneverthoughtaboutthedangertohimself.TheonlythinghewantedtodowastogetKimback.Butwhatwasa4-foot-tallkidgoingtodotostopagrownman?“IwantedtohelpbutIcouldn'tdoitmyself,"hethoughttohimself.“TellKim'sparents,Julie!”Heshoutedashestartedrunningtowardsthealley.Kim'sparentswererelaxingonthesofaintheirlivingroomwhentheirfrontdoorburstopen.52Paragraph1:“AbadguyjustpickedKimupandtookheraway!"yelledJulie.Paragraph2:Atthatverymoment.Kim'sparentsarrived.531.Safeandsound2.Withouthesitation3.Get

into

dilemma4.cant`tthanksb.toomuch5.Tearsmistone`seyes

541.Tremblefromheadtotoe2.Mindgoesblank3.Forceasmile4.Wearashiningsmile5.Beinrelief

55Part2題目分析56續(xù)寫已知內(nèi)容通過閱讀所給文章可知，11歲的TJ,7歲的Kim和9歲的Julie在安靜的街道玩滑板車。一個滿頭蓬亂長胡子的男人突然出現(xiàn)將Kim抱走。TJ和Julie開始想辦法營救Kim。57點(diǎn)1：位于續(xù)寫第一段段首，流暢銜接前面的記敘文和第一段段首語；點(diǎn)2：位于續(xù)寫第一段段尾，流暢銜接第二段段首句；點(diǎn)3：位于續(xù)寫第二段段首，續(xù)寫銜接第二段段首語；點(diǎn)4：文章結(jié)尾升華，給予讀者正能量，揭示和強(qiáng)調(diào)主題。情節(jié)構(gòu)建的重點(diǎn)58續(xù)寫建議第一段：第一段開頭是：J