-.z綜合能力通信1üàí·¨1?ó?DDòμ1???局部科學(xué)技術(shù)ê?éú2úá|￡?ê?μúò?éú2úá|世界í¨D?·￠?1?÷ê?￡oêy×??ˉ?￠×?o??ˉ?￠???ü?ˉ?￠?í′??ˉ?￠??è??ˉ?￠±ê×??ˉ信息2úòμ2?￡o1998年由?-郵電部oíμ?×ó2??ù′?é?組建電信ì?ày：2000年9月20日通過￡?2021年8月15日DT??￡??÷è·á?￡o1.空間*?§￡o?D?aè???**1ú?3?ú2.對象*?§￡oμ?D?￡?ê?指à?ó?óD線?￠?T??μ?μ?′??μí3?ò??光電系統(tǒng)￡?′??í?￠·￠é??ò??接收ó?ò??￠文字?￠êy?Y?￠圖像￡?ò??°????è?o?D?ê?D??￠μ?活動?￡電信òμ??·??a￡o?ù′?μ?D?òμ???￠???μμ?D?òμ??電信ó??§申告μ?D?1ê??μ?￡?城鎮(zhèn)48小時￡???′?72小時?úDT?′?ò??調(diào)通?￡電信·t??1?*1??¨：ó°?ìó??§?ú24小時?úμ?￡?ó|?ú72小時ò??°???a涉及ó??§￡?并向1üàí?ú11報告?￡ó°?ì用戶?ú24小時ò?é??ò??òaó??§￡?ó|?è報μ?D?1üàí?ú11?ú×?oó·??é?′DD?￡網(wǎng)絡(luò)ía2?D?￡oμ?D?í???ó??§μ?D§ó?ó?μ?D?í???1??￡óD1?〔成?y±è，梅特卡夫法則〕。通信市場開展àú3ì：í¨D?市場?a·?〔1993年8月3日〕￡?áaí¨1???3éá￠〔1994年7月19日〕；D??￠2úòμ2?3éá￠￡¨1998年￡?；ò??ˉ別離〔2000年〕；全面êμ??互聯(lián)?￥í¨〔2001年〕；中μ?D??ˉí?oíí?í¨·?2e〔2002年〕；1¤D?2?3éá￠￡¨2021年￡?；Dé?a??óa(chǎn)éì??è?￡¨2021年5月17日￡?網(wǎng)間互聯(lián)費用構(gòu)成￡oá??ó·?￡¨硬件?￠1¤3ì·?￡?，?óD?·?(矛盾焦點)，μ??·×a·?(矛盾焦點)，?¨?ú·t??·?￡??óè?赤字213￥·??￡前三項ê??à?￥áa?μμ?￡?非主導(dǎo)μ?D?1????ò?÷μ?μ?D?1????é?é，oóá???ê??àá￠μ??￡電信網(wǎng)間í¨?°?á??°ì·¨???¨ê±??￡o2001年現(xiàn)代通信網(wǎng)局部通信：是?ú信源ó?D??T?????¨á￠ò???í¨μà￡¨信道￡?，通信?μí3?íê?à?ó?光電μèD?o?D?ê?à′′?μYD??￠μ??μí3。通信?μí3?￡Dí￡oD??′—±????÷—D?μà—·′±????÷—D??T￡??D??óD??éù?′?éè??￡通信í?113éòa??￡o????設(shè)備?￠′?ê??μí3〔接口設(shè)備，′?ê??é?ê￡?穿插連接éè±?〕?￠????éè±?通信×éí?D?ê?￡oí?×′?￠D?D?、?·形?￠ê÷D??￠×ü??Dí?￠?′o?Dí固定網(wǎng)113éòa??￡o????éè±??￠′?ê?設(shè)備?￠ó??§????固定í?特點￡o同步時分復(fù)用?￠???òá??óμ?1¤×÷·?ê??￠1ì?¨·???帶寬?￠??ó??§D??￠í??÷′?ê?國內(nèi)3¤í?í?￡o四層構(gòu)造，???ú多為2層構(gòu)造￡?2￠?ò?T??長途í??Y?ˉ?￡3¤í?交換?DD?〔DC1〕í?×′í??àá?￡?形成ê??ê????￡?并以星形í?ó?地區(qū)?DD?〔DC2〕相連。μ?êD中心??〔DC2〕ò?í?×′í??ò2?íêè?í?×′í?連接￡?D?3éê??ú????本地í?￡o二級?á11￡?匯接局μúò???￡?í?×′í??àá?，2￠ó??ù??????D?D?í?￡?????第二級￡?í¨1yó??§??連接ó??§?￡國際í?￡oèy???á11，一級1ú?ê?????DD?〔CT1〕設(shè)在??′óμ?àí??óò￡¨如???T￡?，í?×′í??àá?￡??t??1ú?ê?????DD?￡¨CT2￡?設(shè)在CT1*圍內(nèi)?°?????àμ???óò〔如????μ???〕￡?三級1ú?ê?????DD?￡¨CT3￡?設(shè)在????1ú?ò￡¨如?D1ú￡?。數(shù)據(jù)í¨D?í?￡o由êy?Y????éè±?〔DTE〕?￠êy?Y????éè±?oíêy?Y傳送á′?·×é3éDCE：êy?Yμ??·終接éè±?￡???D?o?×a換?a可?ú′?ê?D?μà′??íμ?D?o??ò·′???￡數(shù)據(jù)í¨D?í?·t??D??ü±￡???ú??￡o2?′í?????￠óμè??????￠流量????μè數(shù)據(jù)í¨D?í?·t???êá???±ê￡o·t???éó?D??￠′?ê?ê±?ó?￠ê±?ó???ˉ?￠íìí?á??￠·?×é?aê§?ê?￠·?×é2?′í?ê分類￡o·?×é????í?￡????D?ìí?，êy×?êy?Yí?￡¨DDN￡?，Internet.分組????：o?D?????ê?′?′￠×a·￠?￡分組交換·?ê?￡oDéμ??·VC￡¨交換Déμ??·SVC?￠óà??Déμ??·PVC￡?，數(shù)字報DG分組????í?構(gòu)成￡o用戶數(shù)據(jù)????éè±?￡¨DTE￡?，·?×é?????ú￡¨核心￡?，·?×é2e×°éè±?￡¨PAD￡?，??3ì?ˉ?D?÷￡¨RCU，低速數(shù)據(jù)?ˉ?D￡?高速發(fā)往?????ú￡?，í???1üàí?DD?￡¨NMC，1üàí?à??1|?ü￡?，傳輸???·?￡幀中繼網(wǎng)￡oo?D?éè±?ê????D?ì?????ú￡?與′?í3·?×é?????ú?à±è￡?只能íê3é?t2?D-òé1|?ü￡?·?èy??2???￡o1ú?ò1??éí?、ê??úí??￠±?μ?í??￡數(shù)字數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)￡¨DDN￡?：ê1ó?êy×?D?o?′?ê?￡?同步時分復(fù)用??ê?￡?需í?2?í?à′è·±￡全網(wǎng)éè±?í?2?1¤×÷?￡組成￡o本地接入?μí3￡?復(fù)用?°??2?á??ó?μí3，????′?ê??μí3。優(yōu)勢￡o′?ê??êá???￡?ê±?óD?￡?速率?é×??÷±??ˉ￡?·?±?×é?¨Dé?aí?￡¨VPN￡?Internet協(xié)議￡o網(wǎng)際D-òé〔IP，P=Protocol?°?·選路D-òé〕、?·óéD??￠D-òé￡¨RIP￡?、μ??·?a??D-òé￡¨ARP，IPμ??·轉(zhuǎn)換MAC地址￡?、′?ê?????協(xié)議￡¨TCP，檢驗2?′í￡?流量????￡?óμè?????￡?、ó??§êy?Y報D-òé￡¨UDP￡?、???t′?ê?D-òé￡¨FTP￡?、?òμ￥′?ê?D-òé￡¨SMTP￡?、?òμ￥網(wǎng)管D-òé￡¨SNMP，????、í3??、°2è?μè的1üàí￡?IP地址：長度32位￡?μ?·?ê?????±íê?·¨￡?°üo?í???o?oí?÷?úo?2局部，A類￡o8+24bit￡?B類￡o16+16bit￡?C類￡o24+8bit￡?D類￡?ì?êa地址￡?ó?óú×é2￥￡?E類￡o±￡á?地址￡??Y?′ê1ó?Internet????μ??·￡oMAC〔物理μ??·，以太網(wǎng)????ó?￡?í¨1yARP協(xié)議×a??〕，域名￡¨IP地址μ?±e??￡?í¨1yDNS轉(zhuǎn)換?aIP地址￡?，μ??·￡¨***.***格式￡?，URL〔統(tǒng)一×ê?′?¨??·?，±ê??ò???WEB頁面〕，???úo?￡¨應(yīng)用3ìDòí¨D?使用μ?μ??·￡?è·?¨具體ó???ò???應(yīng)用發(fā)生í¨D?￡?DNS〔域名D-òé〕：êμ???÷?ú??￡¨或óò??￡?與IP地址????μ?ó3é?〔轉(zhuǎn)換〕。域名í¨ó?±ê×?￡oò???óò??ó?￡?商業(yè)組織，edu教育機構(gòu)￡?gov政府×é?ˉ￡?netí???×é?ˉ￡?org·?éìòμ×é?ˉ￡?/hk/ca/jp國別′ú??。IPv4面臨μ??÷òa?êìa￡oμ??·?Y??￡??·óé±í?ò?íIPv6協(xié)議〔1992年?aê??a·￠〕改進￡oμ??·域〔32bit調(diào)整?a128bit，3+13+24+16+8〕，?§3?è?2￥μ??·￡??ò?ˉá?êy?Y**??ê?IPv6不兼容IPv4，1y?éμ???ê?°üà¨￡o???????μí3?￠?íμà??ê??￠êy?Y**·-ò?等綜合業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)字網(wǎng)°üo?￡oISDN〔綜合業(yè)務(wù)êy×?í?〕，ATM網(wǎng)絡(luò)ISDN三個?ù±?ì??÷￡o2éó?êy×?ó??§????ê?￡?êμ????μ???êy×?連接?￠?é?§3?綜合μ?òμ???￠??óD±ê×?￡??àó?í?μ?ó??§網(wǎng)絡(luò)?ó?ú￡¨UNI￡?ISDN網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)造分èy2?·?：1.ISDN的用戶-〔到〕í????ó?ú局部：根本?ù?ê接口2B+D，B〔承載D?μà〕=64kbit/S，D〔信令D?μà〕=16kbit/S；ò?′?èo?ù?ê?ó?ú30B+D，B〔承載D?μà〕=D〔信令D?μà〕=64kbit/S2.ISDN的網(wǎng)絡(luò)1|?ü：°üo?μ??·?????üá|?￠·?×é?????üá|?￠無?????üá|?￠1?12D?μàD?á??üá|3.ISDN的信令?μí3￡o°üo?ó??§-í????ó?ú￡¨UNI￡?信令￡¨分三層，I.430，I.431，Q.921等￡?、í????úμ?????μ?D?á?￡¨No.7信令系統(tǒng)?Dμ?ISUP信令￡?、ó??§-ó??§D?á?ATM網(wǎng)絡(luò)〔異步傳送〕：???òá??óμ?·?ê?￡?2éó?òì2?ê±·??′ó???ê?￡?2éó??ì??1ì?¨長度μ?·?×é￡?D-òé?ò?ˉ?￡ATM網(wǎng)絡(luò)ó2?t×é3é￡oATM交換機￡¨核心，￡?、ATM終端?￠′?ê??μí3〔光纖′?ê?￡?Déμ??·1¤×÷?￡ê?，SVC/PVC〕ATM網(wǎng)絡(luò)分3個平面〔橫向〕124層〔縱向〕￡o3個平??￡oó??§平??〔U〕、????平??〔C〕?￠1üàí????〔M〕4層￡¨由下到上￡?：??àí2??￠ATM層?￠ATM適配2??￠高層?￡移動í¨D?：通信??·??òò?·?是?úò??ˉ?D??DDD??￠????μ?í¨D?D?ê??￡移動í¨D?μ?ì?μ?￡oó??§ò??ˉD??￠μ?2¨′?2￥ì??t?′?ó?￠??éùoí?éè??????￠?μí3oíí????á11?′?ó?￠?μ?ê×ê?′óD?T移動í¨D?根本分類￡o·???ò??ˉí¨D??￠?T???°o??μí3?￠?Tét?￠?ˉèo?μí3￡?í?時ò??ˉoí?àD?í¨D?結(jié)合2úéúá??àD?ò??ˉí¨D??￡移動í¨D??μí3113é￡o1.ò??ˉòμ???????DD?〔MSC〕:核心構(gòu)成￡?功能ê???DDD??￠????￡?集中控制1üàí，í¨1yGSMC〔關(guān)口SMC〕連接????í???2.基站〔BS〕￡o分á?2?·?￡?ó?SMC連接μ??ù???????÷BSC?￠ó?ò??ˉì¨?ó?úμ?ê?·￠D??úBST3.移動臺￡¨MS￡?：手機?￠便攜臺?￠3μ??ì¨μè￡?ê?????éè±?4.中繼′?ê??μí3￡oMSC之間￡?MSC和BS之間μ?′?ê?ê1ó?óD??·?ê?5.數(shù)據(jù)庫￡o1éê???????′??÷?￠·??ê??????′??÷?￠鑒權(quán)è??¤?DD?、éè±?ê?±e??′??÷μè移動í¨D?í??2??·?ê?￡o′ó????〔30-50千米?2??〕，小區(qū)制￡¨多基站?μí3￡?2-10千米?2??￡?移動í¨D?í?多只方式￡o?μ·??à?·￡¨FDMA￡?、ê±·??à?·￡¨TDMA￡?、??·??à?·￡¨CDMA￡?GSM三級?á11￡oò???匯接中心￡¨如西北′ó??￡?、?t??匯接?DD?￡¨各省￡?、????￡¨業(yè)務(wù)本地網(wǎng)￡?GSM頻率￡o900M，1800MGSM系統(tǒng)ó?μ?￡o?μ?×D§?ê???￠èYá?′ó〔每個D????éó?D?μà12.5個〕?￠ó?ò??êá????￠°2è?D?o??￠òμ??·???óDò??¨ó?ê?￡¨支持???üòμ??oí國際?tó?μè￡?GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)×é3é￡o1.移動臺￡oê??ú等????￡?移動用戶ê?±e?￡?é?¨統(tǒng)稱SIM卡2.基站×ó?μí3〔BSS〕￡o基站收發(fā)器￡¨BST￡?、?ù???????÷￡¨BSC￡?3.網(wǎng)絡(luò)×ó?μí3￡¨NSS￡?：移動?????DD?MSC￡¨核心￡?、í?1?MSC〔GMSC，??í??￥áa〕、1éê?位置??′??÷〔HLR〕、·??ê??????′??÷￡¨VLR￡?、éè±?ê?±e??′??÷￡¨EIR￡?、??è¨è??¤?DD?￡¨AUC，·à?1·?·¨?óè?￡?、2ù×÷和???¤?DD?￡¨OMC￡?GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)?ó?ú￡oA接口￡¨網(wǎng)絡(luò)×ó?μí3oí?ù??×ó?μí3μ??ó?ú，NSS-BSS￡?、Abit?ó?ú￡¨基站?????÷oí?ù??ê?·￠D?????μ??ó?ú,BSC-BST￡?、Um接口￡¨基站收發(fā)臺ó?ò??ˉì¨MS之間μ??ó?ú,BTS-MS￡?IS-95CDMACDMAí¨D?í?ó?ê?￡o?μí3èYá?′ó￡¨小區(qū)?éó?信道120個￡?êμ?ê′óóúGSM4-5倍￡?、**D?o?〔擴頻技術(shù)〕?￠èí?D??￡¨新?ù??建立好á??ó后2????aó??-?ù??連接￡?、èíèYá?￡¨用戶êy???óí¨?°?êá????μ￡?μ?2??áá￠?′3???óμè?￡?、?μ?ê1????òμ￥CDMA關(guān)鍵??ê?￡oí?2???ê?〔PN碼￡??′偽噪聲碼DòáDí?2?〕、Rake承受??ê?￡¨各路?à??D?o?μ÷??后o?2￠ê?3?￡?????接收D§1?￡?變2?利?aó?ê?￡?、功率〔發(fā)射功率〕????￡¨反向?a?·，ê??ú測量?ù??D?o?μ÷??功率?￠·′?ò±??·基站?ù?Yê??úD?o????èμ÷??功率?￠?°?ò，?ù???±?óμ÷??功率￡?第三代移動í¨D???ê?￡¨3G￡?：ITU組織?¨ò?￡?1996年命名IMT-20003G速率òa?ó￡o高速移動￡¨144Kbit/S￡?，步行?·?3￡¨384Kbit/S￡?，室內(nèi)環(huán)境￡¨2Mbit/S￡?3G系統(tǒng)?á11￡o用戶????￡¨UIM+MT￡?、?T???óè?í?￡¨RAN￡?、o?D?í?￡¨￡?三局部模型￡o【智能卡+ò??ˉì¨￡¨UIM+MT￡?】--【?T???ó?ú￡¨UNI￡?】--無線接入網(wǎng)￡¨RAN￡?--〔RAN-接口〕--o?D?í?￡¨，交換網(wǎng)和òμ??í?×é3é￡?--NNI接口—????IMT-2000核心網(wǎng)3G的±ê×??ˉ￡o1.?T???ó?ú±ê×??ˉ：1999年10月￡?芬蘭ITU組織18次?áòéè·?¨，·??a?T??′?ê???ê?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化￡?o?D?í?±ê×??ˉ2.o?D?í?±ê×??ˉ：GSM核心網(wǎng)?Y???￠ANSI-41核心網(wǎng)?Y??￡¨CDMA2000￡?3G關(guān)鍵??ê?￡o初始同步與Rake接收??ê??￠???üìì????ê??￠1|?ê??????ê?oíèí?D??3G主要??ê?ì???￡oWCDMA〔GSM/GPRS演進〕、CDMA2000、TD-SCDMA智能網(wǎng)〔IN〕：在通信網(wǎng)上?ì?ù?￠?-???￠·?±?、有效μ?éú3éoíìá1????üòμ??μ?í???ì??μ?á11￡?ì?μ?ê?將í???μ?????1|?üoí????1|?ü·??a。智能網(wǎng)113é￡oòμ??????μ?￡¨SSP￡?、òμ??????μ?￡¨SCP￡?、òμ??êy?Yμ?￡¨SDP￡?、òμ??1üàí?μí3￡¨SMS￡?、òμ??éú3é?·?3￡¨SCE￡?、???üíaéè￡¨IP￡?智能í?模型￡oòμ??????SP〔用戶???è?′???üí?〕—è???1|?ü????GFP〔業(yè)務(wù)éè???????è〕—·?2?1|?ü????DFP〔網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計者???è〕—物理????PP〔網(wǎng)絡(luò)實施者???è〕現(xiàn)代í¨D???ê?局部衛(wèi)星í¨D?系統(tǒng)組成￡o2¨??300MHz-300GHz￡?由????·??μí3?￠?ú×ùò￡2a及指令·??μí3、?à??1üàí·??μí3?￠í¨D?μ??ò????2?·?組成?￡通信衛(wèi)星×é3é￡o控制分系統(tǒng)?￠ò￡2a??á?·??μí3?￠μ??′·??μí3?￠????·??μí3?￠í¨D?·??μí3￡¨天線￡?×a·￠?÷￡?衛(wèi)星í¨D?ìì??￡o·?è??òìì??￡¨遙測指令￡?和í¨D?ìì??通信ìì??°′?2??*?§·?4類￡oè??ò2¨ê?ìì??￡¨地球1/3覆蓋￡?、°??ò2¨ê?ìì??￡¨全球波束μ?1/2,也就是è??òμ?1/6￡?、?3D?2¨ê?ìì??￡¨區(qū)域波束ìì???￠?2??ò???ì??¨??óò￡?è?1ú?ò￡?、μ?2¨ê?ìì??￡¨很窄￡??2???3ò??T?¨??óò￡?è?3?êD￡?轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)器￡oμ￥±??μ×a·￠?÷￡¨微波D?o?·?′ó￡?±??μ，1|?ê·?′ó￡?·￠??￡?、??±??μ×a·￠?÷￡¨變?D?μ￡?放大oí?T·ù￡?±???DD頻率￡?1|?ê·?′ó￡?·￠??￡?、′|àí轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)器￡¨有D?o?′|àí1|?ü￡??aμ÷，??D?μ÷??3é??DD?μ?ê￡?衛(wèi)星ò??ˉí¨D?：不受μ?àí?·?3、??oòì??t限制￡??T?¤??è??òí¨，分為靜止1ìμàoíμí1ìμà兩種主要??ê?￡o星é?′|àíó??????￠??2¨????、ó?ò?\D?μà±à??、1|?ê????、?1衰落、ó?ò??ú2?μè銥星系統(tǒng)￡oμí1ìμà780KM，66顆?àD?￡?óDD?上處理oí?????üá|全球星?μí3￡o無D?é?′|àíoí?????üá|，·??aèy2?·?￡o衛(wèi)星×ó?μí3￡o48顆?àD?+8顆±?ó?￡?1ìμà???è1414KM，é?DD1610-1625.5MHz頻率￡???DD2483.5-2500MHz，1|?ê1000W，12268800個D?μà￡?每個òμ??μ???óD2-4顆?àD?￡??????àD?與ó??§±￡3?í¨?°17分鐘￡?è?oóèí切μ?áíò????￡2éó?CDMA制式￡?ó?μ???2G蜂窩CDMA系統(tǒng)??èY￡??é′?ê?ó?ò?、êy?Y、?ì???￠、′????￠?¨??μè?￡地面×ó?μí3：°üo?è??òD??????DD?￡¨NCC，由地面2ù×÷?????DD?GOCC，衛(wèi)星2ù×÷?????DD?SOCC和·￠é?????éèê?TCF組成￡?和1??ú??￡¨GW￡?組成?￡1??ú??即地面站￡??????éó?三顆?àD?í¨D?，×?′ó?2??°???2000KM，?D1úèy??1??ú???′?é?2??è?1ú￡?1??ú??μ?D?é?DD?μ?ê5091-5250Mhz￡???DD6875-7055Mhz用戶????￡¨子系統(tǒng)￡?：ê?3??￠車載μè?à??￡?·?單?！????￡￡?èy?￡￡?多址方式2éó?FDMA+CDMA。光纖í¨D?優(yōu)點：傳輸?μ′??í￡?èYá?′ó、?eo?D?〔1310和1550nm2¨3¤???ü〕?￠?1μ?′??éè??￠ì??yD???á??á?￠泄露小，**D?o??￠?ú???eê?2?á?光纖í¨D??μí3×é3é￡o光·￠é??ú?￠1a??á′?·?￠1a?óê??ú1.光發(fā)射機￡o將êy×?D??￠??á÷×a???a1aD?o???3???á÷￡?由1a?′〔核心，主要óD發(fā)光?t??1ü/LED和激光?t??1ü/LD，1a?′òa?óê?3?1a1|?ê×?1?′ó￡?μ÷???μ?ê×?1???￡?譜線?í?èoí光束·￠é￠????á?D?￡?1|?ê?è?¨êù?ü3¤〕?￠?y?ˉ?÷?￠調(diào)制器〔利用μ?á÷±??ˉ直接μ÷??、íaμ÷??〕×é3é?￡2.光纖???·￡o由1a??〔分μ￥?￡?￠?à?￡￡?μ￥?￡′?ê?o?ó?μ??à〕?￠1a??接頭、光纖á??ó?÷×é3é。1a??線路D??ü?à1à?÷òa°üà¨損耗oíé?é￠￡?3?′óèYá?1a???1òa????·???D?D§ó|。波長′°?ú：850、1310和1550nm2¨3¤???ü色散D?￡??÷òa?úoóá?????DD′?ê??￡3.光接收機￡o將1a??3?信號±?3éμ?D?o?￡?·?′ó、′|àí恢復(fù)3é?-D?o??￡由1a?ì2a?÷〔PIN光電二極管PINPD?￠雪崩光電?t??1üAPD，1a?ì2a·?ê?óD?±?ó?ì2a￡?íaμ÷??-ía2??ì2a〕?￠·?′ó?÷oí?à1?μ??·×é3é￡??óê??úD??ü評估?÷òa?aáé???è￡?取決于光電二極管oí·?′ó?÷μ???éù?￡光纖í¨D?í???·?àà￡o按覆蓋*?§￡o1?óòí??￠3?óòí??￠??óòí?按通信òμ????àà：?????úí????￠綜合業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)字網(wǎng)按êy?Y′?ê??ù?ê￡o低速?￠?D?ù?￠高速按拓撲?á11￡o總線?￠?·D??￠D?D?、ê÷D??°????μ?×éo?按?ù±??′?ó·?ê?￡o時分?￠波分?￠??·??￠??·??￠混合?′?ó按?ù±?????·?ê?￡oμ??·?????￠·?×é?????￠òì2?′??í￡¨ATM￡?及?ìo?????按??ê?ì???￡o×?í?2?êy×?￡¨PDH￡?光傳輸í????￠í?2?êy×?￡¨SDH￡?、1a′??íí?OTN、分組′??íí?PTN光纖μ??′ó???ê?￡o1a2¨·??′ó?WDM〔一根1a???à??2¨3¤μ?1a載波D?o?〕、1a?μ·??′ó?FDM￡¨物理信道×ü帶寬·???3éè??é??×óD?μà￡?????子信道′?ê?ò??·D?o?￡?、1aê±·??′ó?OTDM〔信道??·??aè??é??ê±??￡?????1a??3?流·???ò???ê±??，±?óúμ÷?ú????￡?適于êy×?′?2￥￡?μ???óD′?2￥時D?μà???D￡??μμíà?ó??ê〕、??·??′ó?SDM〔多對1a??1?ó?ò?ì?à?，1aà??′〕、?±??2¨?′ó?SCM〔信號采用2?í?μ÷??oó使用í?ò?2¨3¤?ú1a??′?ê?，信號?à?￥?àá￠?￥2??à?é￡??éêμ???￡?a、êy×??￠í???D?o?及?÷??êy?Yòμ??μ???èY〕接入網(wǎng)??ê?￡o接入網(wǎng)￡oê???1??éí???μ?ó??§????????μ??ùóDéè±?，?′本地?????ú與用戶????á??óμ?2?·?接入網(wǎng)μ?×é3é￡oó??§/網(wǎng)絡(luò)????éè±?、ó??§??′?ê??μí3?￠?′ó?éè±??￠??2?á??óéè±?接入網(wǎng)μ??óè?·?ê?￡oí-??￡¨線￡?接入?￠光纖?óè?￡?1a??í??áμ?à?￡¨有線電視μ?à?￡?混合?óè?、?T???óè?μè接入網(wǎng)μ?ì?μ?￡o1.??±??′ó?，??2?á??óoí′?ê?1|?ü￡?ò?°?2?°üo?????1|?ü2.接入òμ????àà?à￡?òμ??á??ü?èμí3.網(wǎng)徑′óD?2?ò?￡?3é±?ó?ó??§óD1?4.線路ê?1¤???è′ó￡?éè±???DD?·?3??áó5.網(wǎng)絡(luò)í????á11?à?ù￡?×éí??üá|??′ó接入網(wǎng)μ?ì??÷￡o×?o?D???￡¨綜合技術(shù)??àà×??à￡?、?±?ó???òó??§￡????DD????￠oí????òμ??í?1??μ×??a?ü?D?￠?ì?ù·￠?1?￠êêó|D?òa?ó??接入網(wǎng)3大?ó?ú￡o業(yè)務(wù)點?ó?úSNI：接入網(wǎng)oíòμ??節(jié)點????μ??ó?ú￡?·?μ￥ò??óè?oí綜合接入，?ù?Y?ù?ê2?í?·??aV5.1和V5.2接口用戶í????ó?úUNI：ó??§????oí?óè?í?????μ??ó?úQ3接口￡o?óè?í?μ?1üàí?ó?ú￡?íê3é?óè?í?各1|?ü?éμ?1üàíía￡????óíê3éó??§??μ?2aê?oí1ê???¨??接入網(wǎng)??ì???ê?￡o1.銅線接入￡o?′線?óè?￡?利用í-??êμ???í′?′?ê?μ???ê?稱為êy×?ó??§????ê?￡¨DSL￡?，數(shù)字ó??§????ê?DSL分類￡o高比特率êy×???HDSL、é????ùêy×?ó??§??VDSL、·???3?數(shù)字ó??§??ADSL、自適應(yīng)速率êy×?ó??§??RADSL等?￡DSL技術(shù)ó?ê?￡o???ê???ìéè???°?ê高￡??é3?·?à?ó???óD?T′óμ????ê??í-à?í?、DSL已經(jīng)óDò?D?±ê×?￡?并被?ú?à3§éì?§3?oíê1ó??￠D?興的?üéú??ê?′ó′ó?μμíá?DSL的í?1?3é±?ADSL：à?ó??μ·??′ó???ê?把??·?3éá??￠上行?￠??DDèy個?à???àá￠μ?D?μà￡?é?DD×???3.5Mbit/S，??DD×???24Mbit/S，主要í¨1y?T??2¨·ù?è?à??μ÷??〔CAP〕?￠?y??·ù?èμ÷??￡¨QAM￡?、離散?àò??μ技術(shù)〔DMT〕離散?àò??μ￡¨DMT￡?信道劃分￡o4khz-1.1mhz劃分?a256個?μ??￡?4khz以下頻段′?ê?POTS〔傳統(tǒng)òμ??〕；20-138khz傳送é?DDD?o?￡?138k-1.1Mhz頻段′??í??DDD?o?ADSL±ê×?￡oG.DMT〔全速率8Mbit/1.5Mbit，Dè°2×°POTS別離器〕、G.Lite〔上下行1.5Mbit/512Kbit￡??TDè·?à??÷〕ADSL設(shè)備￡oATU-C〔端局éè±?〕、ATU-R〔用戶端éè±?〕混合1a??í??áμ?à???ê?HFC：?éóúè?1a??í???oí???úCATV同軸電纜í???????μ?ò????μí3，Dèòaμ÷???÷??êy×?D?o?×a?a?￡?aD?o??￡分類￡o是否對稱?￠?í′??ù?ê〔固定帶寬?￠?ˉì?·???〕??DD·?àà?￡組成￡o1a???é???￠í??áμ?à?支???￠ó??§配線í???èy2?·?113é特點￡o?μ′??í?￠′?ê??ù?ê???￠ó??§?à?￠áé??D?oíí??1D????￠?-??êμó??￡光纖?óè?技術(shù)￡o光接入網(wǎng)￡¨OAN￡?：本地?????ú?ò遠端?￡?éó?ó??§????è?2??ò2?·?2éó?1a??×÷?a′?ê????éμ?ò????óè?í?特點￡oèYá?′ó?￠?eo?D??￠?1μ?′??éè??￠組成￡o1a???·????〔OLT,提供接入網(wǎng)μ??????ú????μ??ó?ú〕?￠1a????í?〔ODN，íê3é光線路????μ?1aí???μ￥?a????μ?1aD?o?1|?ê·???，3ê樹形·??§?á11〕?￠1aí???μ￥?a〔ONU，?óè?í?μ?ó??§????????μ??ó?ú￡?íê3é1aμ?×a??oí1üàí1¤×÷〕?￠êê??éèê?〔AF，ìá1?êê??1|?ü￡???àíé??é獨立，ò2?é°üo??ú1aí???μ￥?a?D〕分類￡oFTTC〔光纖μ??·±?￡?í-??′?ê?μ?ó??§〕、FTTB〔光纖μ??￥?ò°ì1?êò￡?′ó?￥?ú2?ó?LAN銅線á??ó〕、FTTH〔全光纖í????á11￡?1a??è??§〕，F(xiàn)TTD〔光纖μ?×à??〕，F(xiàn)TTR〔用戶?￡?ééè???úó??§?ü?ˉ??〕無源1aí???￡¨PON￡?：眾多光網(wǎng)絡(luò)μ￥?a12?íò???1a???·????￡??μμí3??¨3é±?￡?2éó?2¨·??′ó?oíê±·??′ó???ê?￡??÷òa??ê?óDAPON、EPON、GPON等?￡無線?óè???ê?￡o概念￡oí¨1y?T????ó??§????ó?í????úμ?á??ó?eà′￡?重要??±e?úóú?éò??aó??§ìá1?移動?óè?òμ??特點￡o?TDè?ìéè???·?￠?¨éè?ù?è?ì?￠初期投資小?￠êü?·?3????2?′ó?￠°2×°áé???￠???¤·?±?分類￡o1ì?¨?T???óè?￡¨FWA￡?、ò??ˉ?T???óè?￡¨集群í¨D??￠?°o??￠·???ò??ˉ?￠í?2??àD?ò??ˉí¨D??￠??è?í¨D?￡?代表性無線?óè?技術(shù)?ééü￡o固定?T???·?·〔WLL，=FWA〕￡o全雙工無線í???·?ê?á??óó??§oí公共????í???￡¨PSTN￡?本地?à?··???òμ???óè?￡¨LMDS￡?：微波?í′?￡?28Ghz頻段???ü，???ò′?2￥?àà????üμ?語音數(shù)據(jù)圖像D??￠￡?蜂窩μ￥?a°???4-10KM數(shù)字?±2￥?àD??óè?￡¨DBS￡?：ò2稱??1ì?àD?í¨D?￡?í¨D??àà???￡?2?受μ?àíì??t?T??￡?頻帶寬?￠èYá?′ó￡?ê1ó?áé???￡圖像í¨D???ê?圖像信息μ?ì?μ?￡oD??￠á?′ó?￠?±1?D?強?￠?￡oyD??￠êμì??ˉ?￠D??ó?ˉ圖像信號分類：按′??úD?ê?￡oêμ?êí???〔可見μ?￡o圖片照片í??-μè，2??é??μ?￡o???è?1á|è??ú?ü?èμè〕?￠3é?óí???〔函數(shù)í???〕按圖像áá?è等級：?t?μí???〔黑白兩種áá?è等級〕?￠?ò?èí???〔多種áá?èμè??〕按í???1a?×ì?D?：2êé?￡¨三基色￡ooì?ìà?￡?，oú°×按í?????ê±??±??ˉ￡o靜止í???￡??ˉì?圖像按照???????è￡o二維￡?èy??數(shù)字í???′|àí￡oí???±???￡¨傅里葉?￠余弦?￠沃爾什?￠1t′???變換μè￡?、í???????￡¨平滑?￠銳化μè￡?、í????′?-￡¨處理í??ˉμ?í???￡?、í???·????￠í????1??±à??￡¨對傳輸ê?·?重要￡?圖像′|àí?μí3μ?×é3é：í???ê?è?￡¨采集￡?模塊〔包括1a?′?￠í???掃描?￠1a′??D器〕、í???ê?3?￡¨顯示〕?￡?é〔包含??ê??÷￡?′òó??ú￡???í?ò?μè〕、í???′|àí?￡?é￡¨壓縮編碼?￠í???????μè￡?、í???′?′￠?￡?é￡¨光盤?￠磁盤?￠磁帶μè￡?、í???í¨D??￡?é￡¨傳輸μ?????￡?圖像?êá?評估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：逼真度?￠?é???è?￡圖像?êá?評估·?·¨￡o主觀?à??〔MOS，5級?êá?平均意見分〕?￠?í1?2aá?￡¨均方差MSE?￠·??μD???±èPSNR￡?圖像í¨D??μí3￡o傳輸·?ê?￡o?￡?a傳輸〔電信號μ÷?μμ÷·ùμ÷?à〕?￠êy×?傳輸〔編碼壓縮′??í〕數(shù)字í???′?ê?優(yōu)點￡o?à′?中繼噪聲2?累積￡?êêo????àà?′?ê??￠易于2éó??1??±à????ê??￠?à′??′??2??á?μμí質(zhì)量?￠óDà?óú??è??í′?êy×?′?ê?í?μè?￡圖像通信?μí3×é3é￡o圖像ê?è?éè±?〔攝像頭、′??ì機?￠é¨?èí·μè〕、±à???÷￡¨壓縮?￠?à′í￡?、μ÷???÷￡¨變換成?ü1?′?ê?μ?D?ê?￡?、í?????ê??÷圖像傳輸方式：微波′?ê?〔相鄰?￠2¨???àà?50KM左右，4/6Ghz，12/14Ghz，使用MPSK和MQAM調(diào)制〕、?àD?′?ê?〔分配式衛(wèi)星電視￡??àD?μ?êó?±2￥，êy×?視頻?1??μ?êó?±2￥，模擬′?2￥ê1ó?μ÷?μ￡?數(shù)字′?2￥使用MPSK和MQAM調(diào)制〕?￠1a??′?ê?圖像í¨D?ó|ó??μí3應(yīng)用ààDí￡o可視?￠?áòéμ?êó?￠??3ì?ìóy/醫(yī)療?￠í???μ?êó?￠êó?μμ?2￥VOD、êy×?μ?êó?￠á÷??ì?μè典型ó|ó?會議μ?êó￡o分為μ?μ?μ??áòéμ?êóoí?àμ??áòéμ?êó?μí3組成￡o????éè±?〔輸入輸出éè±??￠ò?êó?μ±à???÷?￠?′ó?/分接設(shè)備μè〕?￠MCU〔會議控制中心〕、′?ê?í???￡¨衛(wèi)星???D?ì?￠μ??????D?ì?￠DDN專線?￠ISDN、*.25網(wǎng)〕可視?μí3：￡o組成￡oí???信號ê?è?局部?￠圖像D?o?ê?3?2?·?、ó?ò?′|àí2?·??￠í???D?o?′|àí2?·?圖像?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