路德維格·戈特曼：殘奧會(huì)之父WhodoyouthinkcameupwiththeideafortheParalympics?Wasitsomeonewholovedplayingsport,oranathletewhowasinjuredinsomeway?Maybeitwasacoachwithadisability.Alltheseanswersarewrong.ThemanwhoorganisedthesportingeventswhicheventuallybecametheParalympicGameswasadoctor;hisnamewasProf.SirLudwigGuttmann.EarlyLifeBorninGermanyin1899,Ludwigwasalwaysinterestedinmedicine.Inhisteensheworkedasavolunteerinahospitalforinjuredminers.Oneofhisfirstpatientswasamanwhohadaspinalcordinjury.Thedoctorsdidn’thavemuchtimeforhimandthemansoondied.Ludwigrememberedhimfortherestofhislife.Hegraduatedfrommedicalschoolandbecameadoctorwhenhewas25yearsold.LeavingGermanyGuttmannenjoyedasuccessfulcareerforthenextfewyearsandbecamethedirectoroftheneurosurgicaldepartmentoftheBreslauJewishhospital.BecauseGuttmannandhisfamilywereJews,lifeinGermanywasbecomingverydifficultforthem.TheNazipartydidnotallowmosthospitalstotreatJewishpeopleorevenworkasdoctors.AsGuttmannwasthedirectorofthehospital,hecouldhelppeople.However,in1938herealisedthatlifehadbecometoodangerousandhedecidedtomovetotheUKwithhisfamily.AnewapproachIntheUK,Guttmanncontinuedhisresearchintothebestwaytotreatpeoplewithspinalcordinjuries.Hewasn’tonlyinterestedintreatingpatients;hewasalsointerestedinhowtorehabilitatethem-tohelpthemhaveanormal,usefullifeagain.HepresentedhisfindingsfromhisresearchtotheMedicalCouncilofEnglandandin1943hebecamethedirectorofStokeMandevilleHospital.TheSecondWorldWarwasgoingonandtherewerealotofsoldiersinjuredinthefighting.Oftentheyhadlosttheuseoftheirlegsandtheyneededtreatmentandhelp.Atthattimepeoplethoughtthatifsomeonewasdisabled,theycouldn’treallyliveanormal,usefullife.Oneoftheresultswasthatdisabledsoldierswereoftendepressedandangry.Guttmannusedhisnewmethodstotreatthesemen.Helookedaftertheirinjuriesbuthealsotriedtogivethememotionalstrength.Hewantedtorehabilitatehispatients.ThefoundingofthemodernParalympicsFromhisyoungerdays,Guttmannknewthattakingpartinsporthelpsaperson’sbodyaswellastheirmind.Hebegantousesportasatherapytohelphispatients.Hewantedtogivethembacktheirself-respectanddignityandheencouragedhispatientstotakepartinsports.In1948thehospitalheldasportingeventcalled‘TheInternationalWheelchairGames’.By1952theeventbegantogetbiggerwithdisabledathletesfromothercountriesattending.By1960thegameswerecalledtheInternationalStokeMandevilleGamesandtheywereheldinRomealongsidetheofficialSummerOlympics.Thenexttwoevents,in1964inTokyoand1968inTelAviv,Israelwereevenbigger.Bythistimetherewere750athletesfrom29differentcountries.Guttmannhimselfdiedin1980,evenbeforethegameswerecalled‘Paralympics’,butthereisnodoubtthatheisthefounderandfatheroftheParalympicGames.LastinglegacyIn2012,theParalympicsreturntotheUKandStokeMandevilleHospitalwillbeusedasatrainingcentre.InrecognitionofGuttmann’slifeandwork,therewillalsobeabronzestatueofhimstandingoutsidetheNationalSpinalInjuriesCentre.Today,itisnormalfordisabledpeopletakepartinsportsbutduringLudwigGuttmann’slifetime,disabledpeopledidn’thavethesamechancesthattheydonow.It’sthankstohishardworkthatweareallabletoenjoyTheParalympics.當(dāng)我們欣賞身體健康的運(yùn)動(dòng)員