職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)模擬31

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

下面每個(gè)句子中有一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定一個(gè)意義最為

接近的選項(xiàng)

1>Suddenly,wewereawakenedbyaloudnoiseoutside.

A.arousedB.annoyedC.arisenD.

aware

2、Iamreallythankfultoyouforallyouhavedoneforme.

A.helpfulB.usefulC.pitifulD.

grateful

3、Smokingwillnotbeallowedinallpublicplaceshere.

A.forbiddenB?bannedC.

permittedD.promoted

4、Thenewteachergaveusaratherboringlesson.

A.strangeB.specialC.

quietD.dull

5、HaveyoumetTomrecently?

A.shortlyB.currentlyC.

latelyD.probably

6、Pleaseputupyourhandsifyoucananswerthisquestion.

A.raiseB.reachC.waveD.

shake

7>Jeanhasdeterminednottoattendtheparty.

A.triedB.promisedC.

decidedD.attempted

8、Itispleasedformetohavemetyouhere.

A.apityB.gladC.sadD.

unwilling

9、Iwillnotaccepthissuggestion.

A.believeB.understandC.explainD

follow

10、Healwaysdidwellatschoolinspiteoftakingapart-timejobs.

A.despiteB.regardlessofC.onaccountofD.

incaseof

11>Itisapitythatyouhavemissedthemostimportantcontents.

A.lostB.caughtC.refusedD.

rejected

12>Hewasaverysmartboybuthemadeafoolishdecisionthistime.

A.cleverB.honestC.braveD.

dull

13、Thegovernmenthasprotectedfarmersfromdamagingdropsingrainprices.

A.slightB.surprisingC.

suddenD.harmful

14、Thesportsmeetingwasputoffbecauseoftheheavyrain.

A.putdownB.putoutC.delayedD.

cancelled

15>ThoughhewasborninAmerica,hecanspeaksmoothChinese.

A.perfectB.fluentC.poorD.

flowing

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句

提的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句信息文中

沒有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C

1.DrugReactions——AMajorCauseofDeath

Adverse（有害的）drugreactionsmaycausethedeathsofover100,000US

hospitalpatientseachyear,makingthemaleadingcauseofdeathnationwide,

accordingtoareportintheJournaloftheAmericaMedicalAssociation.

"Theincidenceofseriousandfataladversedrugreactions（ADRs）inUS

hospitalswasfoundtobeextremelyhigh,nsayresearchersattheUniversity

ofTorontoinOntario,Canada.

Theycarriedonananalysisof39ADR--relatedstudiesatUShospitals

overthepast30yearsanddefinedanADRas"anyharmfulzunintended,and

undesiredeffectofadrugwhichOccursatdosesusedinhumansforprevention,

diagnosis,ortherapy."

Anaverage6.7%ofallhospitalizedpatientsexperienceanADRevery,year,

accordingtotheresearchers.TheyestimatethatHin1994,overall2,216,

000hospitalizedpatientshadseriousADRs,and106,000hadfatalADRs."This

meansthatADRsmayrankasthefourthsinglelargestcauseofdeathinAmerica.

Andtheseincidencefiguresareprobablyconservative,theresearchers

addssincetheirADR,denitiondidnotincludeoutcomeslinkedtoproblems

indrugadministration,overdoseszdrugabuse,andtherapeuticfailures.

ThecontrolofADRsalsomeansspendingmoremoney.OneUSstudyestimated

theoverallcostoftreatingADRsatupto$4billionperyear.

Dr.DavidBatesofBrighamandWomen*sHospitalinBoston,Massachusetts,

believesthathealthcareworkersneedtopaymoreattentiontotheproblem,

especiallysincemanyADRsareeasilypreventable."Whenapatientdevelops

H

andallergyorsensitivity,itisoftennotrecorded,Batesnotesz"and

patientsreceivedrugstowhichtheyhaveknownallergiesorsensitivities

withdisturbingfrequency."Hebelievescomputerizedsurveillance（監(jiān)督）

systems-stillworks-in-progressatmanyofthenation*shospitals-

shouldhelpcutdownthefrequencyofthesetypesoferrors.

16>Adversedrugreactionscausethedeathsofasmanyas100z000USpatients

eachyear.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>ThereareprobablymorefemalevictimsofADR.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>ADRreferstoanyharmfulzunintended,andundesiredeffectofadrug

use.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>6.7%patientsexperienceanADReveryyear,thesinglelargestcauseof

deathinAmerica.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、ThesumofmoneyspentintreatingADRsthisyearisbiggerthanthat

oflastyear.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Dr.DavidBatesbelievesmanyADRsarepreventable.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Computerizedsurveillancesystemshavebeenwidelyusedinhospitalsto

controlADRs.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

RecreationandSports

1"AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy"isapopularsayingintheUnited

States.Othercountrieshavesimilarsayings.Itistruethatailofusneedrecreation.We

cannotworkallthetimeifwearegoingtomaintaingoodhealthandenjoylife.Good

physicalandmentalhealthinfactenablesustoworkmoreemciently.

2Everyonehashisownwayofrelaxing.Perhapsthemostpopularwayisto

participateinsports.Thereareteamsports,suchasbaseball,basketball,andfootball.

Thereareindividualsports,also,suchasgolfandswimming,Inaddition,hiking,

Ashing,sidingandmountainclimbinghaveagreatattractionforpeoplewholiketobe

outdoors.Chess,card-playing,anddancingareformsofindoorrecreationenjoyedby

manypeople.

3Noteveryonewhoenjoyssportingeventslikestoparticipateinthem.Manypeople

prefertobespectators,eitherbyattendingthegamesinperson,watchingthemon

television,orlisteningtothemontheradio.Whenthereisanimportantbaseballgame

orboxingmatch,itisalmostimpossibletogettickets;everyonewantstoattend.

4Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherweplayafastgameofping-pong,concentrateover

thebridgetable,orgowalkingthroughthewoodsonabriskautumnafternoon.Itis

importantforeveryonetorelaxfromtimetotimeandenjoysomeformofrecreation.

A.TheimportantofhavingrecreationB.Therecreationcenters

C.TypeofsportsD.Funofbeingspectators

E.TheneedforrecreationF.Theloveofspectators

23、Paragraph1.

24、Paragraph2.

25、Paragraph3.

26、Paragraph4.

A.mustbeveryboringB.somekindofrecreation

C.participatinginthemD.torelaxoneself

E.tochooseone*sownwayofrelaxingF.maintaingoodhealth

27、Tokeepfitandenjoylife,allofusmusthave.

28、Participatingindoorsportsoroutdoorsportsisagoodway.

29、Manypeoplepreferwatchinggamesto.

30、Itisgenerallybelievedthatthosewhoworkallthetimeanddonotknow

howtorelax.

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每題定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

弟扁

WhatWeNeedinOurDiet

Theprimaryconsiderationinachievingabalanceddietisnowhowmuch

orhowlittleweeat,butwhatweeat.Basicallyweneedcarbohydrates,protein,

fat,vitaminsandminerals,togetherwithregularbutnotexcessiveexercise.

Carbohydratesarefoundinfoodssuchasbread,potatoesandsugar.They

areexcellentenergyproductszbutifeatentoexcessmaybelargelyconverted

tofatandareductionintheamountofcarbohydratesor"starchy：foodsis

oneoftheobviouswaystoreduceweight,sincemostofuseattoomuchof

themanyway.

Protein,foundinmeatandcheese,isusedfortissuebuildingandinthe

developedcountriesmostpeopleeatabout110gdaily,whichisagooddeal

morethantherecommendedminimumof70gaday.Animalfats,e.g.butter

arealsogoodsourcesofenergy,butaresometimesheldtocansincreased

cholesterollevelsintheblood（whichmayleadtofattydepositsinthearteries）

andarethereforebestavoidedbypeoplesufferingfromcertainformsofheart

disease,vegetablefatsbeingrecommendedasasubstitue.

Vitaminsareanotheressentialrequirementforhealth.Thereareabout

fortyknownvitamins,butthemostgenerallyreferredtoareA,B,C,Dand

EzDeficiencyofVitaminAzfoundincarrots,rose-hips,etc.,isalleged

（據(jù)稱）toaffectthevisionandtheskinandreduceresistancetoinfection.

VitaminC,presentinnearlyallfruitzparticularlyorangesandothercitrus

fruitzhascometoberegardedasparticularlyeffectiveintheprevention

ofcoldandlowenergystates.

Amongthemineralsweneed,themostimportantarecalcium,ironandiodine

（碘）,Milkisoneoftherichestsourcesofcalcium,whichhelpstobuildour

bonesandourteeth.Lackofironinthebloodproducesanaemiaanaychildren

andotherssufferingfromanaemicconditionsaregenerallyadvisedtoincrease

theirintakeofiron,which：maybefoundinliver,lentils,molassesand

datesamongotherfoods.

31、Accordingtothepassage,oneofthemostobviouswaystoreduceweight

is.

A.avoidingtakinginanimalfat.B.reducingtheamount

ofcarbohydrates.

C.nottakinginexcessivevitamins.D.takinginenoughiron.

32、Goodenergyprovidersare.

A.carbohydratesandprotein.B.carbohydratesand

animalfats.

C.proteinandanimalfats.D.animalfatsand

vitamins.

33、Therecommendedminimumamountofproteinthatoneshouldtakeinis.

A.110gdaily.B.70gdaily.C.40gdaily.D.180g

daily.

34、DeficiencyofVitaminAmayleadto.

A.pooreyesight.B.smoothskin.

C.goodresistancetoinfection.D.increasedblood

pressure.

35、Whichofthefollowingistherichestsourceofcalcium?

A.Oranges.B.Milk.C.Cheese.D.

Carrots.

弟一^扁

TheModernVegetarianMovement

Todayvegetarianismistrendy-25percentofadolescentseventhinkit*s

"cooln.Thesuccessofvegetariancosmeticsandvegetarianfoodslikeveggie

dogsandturkeyisatestamenttothediet1spopularity.Groupsthatpromote

vegetarianismandanimalrights,liketheHumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStates

（HSUS）andPeoplefortheEthicalTreatmentofAnimals（PETA.,havetremendous

lobbying（游說(shuō)）powerwithmajorcompanies.Butvegetarianismhasn*talways

beensogenerallyaccepted,norhasitalwaysbeenlinkedwiththeanimal

-rightsmovement.

In17th-and18th-centuryEurope,someProtestantgroupsembraced

vegetarianismasamoraldirective-awaytobesinless.Bythe19thcentury,

EuropeanandNorthAmericanvegetarianismhadbecomeafringe（外圍的）health

movement.Adherentspromotedthedietarybenefitsofvegetarianism-even

couplingitwithtemperance（戒酒）andanti-tobaccomovements.Modem,organized

vegetarianismbeganwiththeformationoftheVegetarianSocietyin1847by

theBibleChristianSectofEngland.Withinayear,theSocietyhad478members.

Itwasn1tuntilthemid20thcenturythatvegetarianismpartneredwith

animalrightsmovement.America*smostnotoriousanimalrightsorganization,

PETA,vigorouslyprotestsagainstallmeat,animalproductsandanimaltesting.

Itisbestknownforitsboldadcampaigns.TheHSUStakesalessstrictapproach.

Itacceptsthatpeoplewilleatmeatandfocusinsteadonreducingmeat

consumption,replacinganimalproductsandimprovingfarmingtechniques.Both

PETAandtheHSUS,however,arepowerfulpoliticalmachines：Theyholdstock

incompanieslikeTyson,Wal-Mart,McDonald1sandSmithfield1s.Themodem

vegetarianmovementisgettingevermorepowerful.

36、Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

A.Vegetarianismistrendyandmanyyoungstersapplaudit.

B.Ithasalwaysbeengenerallyacceptedandlinkedwiththeanimal-right

movement.

C.Popularityofthedietisreflectedbythesuccessofvegetariancosmetics

andvegetarianfoods.

D?Groupsthatpromotevegetarianismandanimalrightsareinfluential

tosomebigcompanies.

37、Vegetarianismfirstappeared.

A.in17th-and18th-centuryEurope.B.inthe19thcentury

Europe.

C.inthe19thcenturyAmerica.D.inthemid-19thcentury

England.

38、Inthe19thcenturyEuropeandNorthAmericavegetarianismwaslinked

to.

A.theanimalrightsmovement.B.thehealthmovement.

C?temperanceandanti-tobaccomovements.D.women1srightsmovement.

39、Accordingtothepassage,PETAisbestknownfor?

A.itsboldadcampaign.B.itsprotestingagainst

meat.

C.itspoliticalpower.D.itsfinancialstatus.

40、Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthegroupsthatpromotevegetarianism

accordingtotheauthor?

A.Theyreallycareforanimalrightsaswellashumanrights.

B.Theyarejustpowerfulpoliticalmachines.

C.Theymakeuseofmajorcompaniestopromotevegetarianism.

D.Thedon*thavemuchpoweroverpeopleorcompanies.

第—二答

LeadPoisoning：ASilentEpidemic

Howmuchleadisharmful?Untilthe1970szexposuretoleadwasconsidered

dangerousonlyatbloodlevelsassociatedwithextremesymptomsofpoisoning：

convulsions（驚厥）,brainsswelling,acutekidneydisease,stomachpainsand

hallucinations（幻覺）.Butlow-levelleadpoisoningcancausesymptomsthat,

whilesubtle,arenolessserious.Asaresult,theCDChascontinuallylowered

thepointatwhichpatientsshouldbetreatedforleadpoisoning.

Oneofthemostinfluentialstudyoflead1slow-leveleffectswaspublished

byHerbertNeedleman,professorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofPittsburgh

MedicalSchool.TestingfirstandsecondgradestudentsintheBostonarea,

hefoundthelowest工.Q.,academicachievementzlanguageskillsandattention

spanamongchildrenwiththehighesttoothlevels（起損害作用的量）oflead."None

oftheirleadlevelsexceedtheCDC1s1979toxicitythreshold."SaysPaul

Mushak,anexpertontoxicsubstances,"Ourchildrenandpeopleintherisk

groupsshouldn11beheldhostage（成為人質(zhì)）toapreventabledisease."

Whatcanbedone?Insomecasesthetreatmentforlow-levelleadpoisoning

canbeassimpleasremovingthesourceofpollution,forexample,tostop

drinkingtapwaterinsomecases.Butnooneknowsthelong-termeffects

ofleadpoisoningmaybe.Thesmallamountofresearchdonesofarsuggest

thatintellectualimpairmentmaybeirreversible（不可逆的）.

Norisitalwayseasytoknowwhatwaterissafe.JeanneBriskin,apolicy

analystwiththeEPA,reportsthatinuncountedschoolsacrossthecountry-

waterindrinkingfountainsmaybelead-contaminated.Eventhechildwhose

parentshaveremovedtheleadthreatathomemaystillbegulping（吞咽）the

metaleveryschoolday.

TheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsrecommendsthatchildrenbescreened

forleadpoisoningat12monthsofage,withtheirdoctortodeterminefollow

-upexaminations；menatriskforhypertension（高血壓）shouldalsohavetheir

bloodleadlevelstested.

Preventionisevenmoreimportant.Public-healthspecialistshave

intensifiedeffortstocontrolthepollutant.Meanwhilezfortheindividualz

thatmeanstestingpotentialhouseholdsourcesofcontamination.

41NBeforethe1970s,exposuretoleadwasconsideredsafeunless

A.theamountofexposurewaslarge.

B.itcausedextremesymptomsofpoisoning.

C.itcausedsymptomswhetherseriousornot.

D.poisoninghadledtodeathamongthepoisoned.

42、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthestudyconductedby

HerbertNeedlemanaccordingtothepassage?

A.IttestedfirstandsecondgradestudentsfromallovertheUnitedStates.

B.AllthestudentstestedhadlowerI.Q.andacademicachievementthan

normalstudents.

C.Noneofthestudentswithsymptomsexceededthesafetylevelsetin

1979byCDC.

D.Itprovedthelead'shigh-leveleffectsonpeople,especiallyon

children.

43、Onewaytotreatlow-levelleadpoisoningisto

A.removethesourceofpollution.

B.togetridoftheleadinthebodywithmedicine.

C.stopdrinkingbottledwater.

D.stopeatingfoodsthatcontainlead.

44、TheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsrecommendsthatallthefollowinggroups

ofpeopleshouldbetestedforleadpoisoningEXCEPT

A.childrenat12monthsofage.

B.childrenwhosedoctorsadvisethemtakingthetest.

C.menatriskforhighbloodpressure.

D.womenatriskforhypertension.

45、Fortheindividual,preventionmeans

A.intensifiedeffortstocontrolthepollutant.

B.testingpotentialhouseholdsourcesofcontamination.

C.havingtheirbloodtestedforpotentialcontamination.

D.intensifiedcheckupsforwhattheyeat.

第5部分：補(bǔ)全對(duì)話

下面短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其

分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。

GoalofAmericanEducation

DifferencesinAmericanschoolscomparedwiththosefoundinthemajority

ofothercountrieslieinthefactthateducationherehaslongbeenintended

foreveryone-notjustforaprivilegedelite.Schoolsareexpectedtomeet

theneedsofeverychild,regardlessofability,andalsotheneedsofsociety

itself.46Itsurprisesmanypeoplewhentheycomeheretofindhighschools

offeringsuchcoursesastyping,sewing,radiorepair,computerprogramming

ordrivertraining,alongwithtraditionalacademicsubjectssuchasmathematics,

history,andlanguages.47TheunderlyinggoalofAmericaneducationis

todevelopeverychildtotheutmostofhisorherownpossibilities,and

togiveeachoneasenseofcivicandcommunityconsciousness.

48Schoolsstillplayalargeroleinthecommunity,especiallyinthe

smalltowns.

Theapproachtoteachingmayseemunfamiliartomany,notonlybecause

itisinformal,butalsobecausethereisnotmuchemphasisonlearning

facts.49Studentsspendmuchtime,learninghowtouseresourcematerialsz

libraries,Statisticsandcomputers.Americansbelievethatifchildrenare

taughttoreasonwellandtoresearchwell,theywillbeabletofindwhatever

factstheyneedthroughouttherestoftheirlives.50

ThisisAmerica*sanswertothesearchingquestionthatthoughtfulparents

allovertheworldareaskingthemselvesinthefast-movingtime："Howcan

onepreparetoday*schildforatomorrowthatonecanneitherpredictnor

understand?n

A.Knowinghowtosolveproblemsisconsideredmoreimportantthanthe

accumulationoffacts.

B.Studentschoosetheircurricula（課程）dependingontheirinterestsz

futuregoals,andlevelofability.

C.Instead,Americanstrytoteachtheirchildrentothinkforthemselves

andtodeveloptheirownintellectualandcreativeabilities.

D.Thismeansthatpublicschoolsoffermorethanacademicsubjects.

E.Schoolshavetraditionallyplayedanimportantroleincreatingnational

unityandnAmericanizingHthemillionsofimmigrants*whohavepouredinto

thiscountryfrommanydifferentbackgroundsandorigins.

F.EducationisanenormousandexpensivepartofAmericanlife.Itssize

ismatchedbyitsvariety.

第6部分：完形填空

下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)

In1837,totheageofseventeen,FlorenceNightingaledecidedtobecome

anurse,51horrifiedherdearmother.In52days,nurseswerelittlemore

thandoormen,andhospitalswereplacesofdirtinessand53,Nightingale

pressedonandin1853shebecamepresident54asmallLondonhospital.

ShewentontotheCrimeawhenwar55therebetweenBritainandRussia.

She56thefirstofwhat