《三維設(shè)計》2015語法難點突破+定語從句(一)第一頁，共48頁。修飾名詞和代詞的成分Keywords:定語:abeautifulfloweratall

boybeautifultall定語從句：修飾名詞和代詞的從句ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.定語從句thebestfilm先行詞that關(guān)系詞第二頁，共48頁。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分關(guān)系詞的作用1）2）3）第三頁，共48頁。Londonisthecity

that/whichhashostedthe2012OlympicGames.Londonthecityhostthe2012OlympicGames.第四頁，共48頁。Revision1

theusageoftherelativepronoun

關(guān)系代詞指代在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞秩宋锞渥又髡Z賓語定語whowhomwhichthatwhose第五頁，共48頁。

theusageoftherelativeadverb關(guān)系副詞指代所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謜henwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial第六頁，共48頁。類別意義功能形式關(guān)系代詞限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句起限定作用。若省略，原句意義不完整。起補充說明作用。若省略，原句意義不受影響。修飾先行詞修飾先行詞/整個句子無逗號隔開有逗號與主句隔開有that無thatRevision2限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別作賓語時可以省略不可以省略第七頁，共48頁。Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.

Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵她上大學(xué)。（隱含意思：或許不止一個哥哥）她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的，他總是鼓勵她上大學(xué)。第八頁，共48頁。

Thebook(that/which)IboughtyesterdayisHarryPotterandtheOrderofPhoenix.

Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,isHarryPotterandtheOrderofPhoenix.有that，作賓語時可以省略不用that,作賓語時不可以省略我昨天買的那本書是《哈利·波特與鳳凰令》第九頁，共48頁。1.指物時只用that或which的情況2.介詞+關(guān)系代詞3.Whose用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式4.as與which的區(qū)別5.指人時that與who的區(qū)別6.如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞7.定語從句中的主謂一致問題常見考點第十頁，共48頁。1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanything

else_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it考點一:that與which的區(qū)別先行詞為all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代詞時，關(guān)系代詞用that第十一頁，共48頁。4.

Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_____youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it7.Whichwasthehotel_____wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it先行詞為人和物的組合先行詞被all,little,much,every,no,等修飾時先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾；先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(thefirst),形容詞最高級(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等時。若主句中有疑問代詞who或者which，為了避免重復(fù),關(guān)系代詞不要再用who,which，而用that。第十二頁，共48頁。

1.先行詞為all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代詞2.先行詞被all,little,much,every,no,等修飾時。3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(thefirst),形容詞最高級(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等時。4.先行詞為人和物的組合5.若主句中有疑問代詞who或者which，為了避免重復(fù),關(guān)系代詞不要再用who,which，而用that。只用that的情況:第十三頁，共48頁。

1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichBthatCthisD.it只用which的情況:1,逗號后面2,介詞后面2.Theday______hewasbornwas

Jan.20

,2013.A.onwhichB.thatC.whichD.this第十四頁，共48頁。

考點二:介詞+關(guān)系代詞提醒:介詞﹢關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇.方法一:根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞與先行詞習(xí)慣搭配方法二:根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系

注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。此時關(guān)系代詞只能用which

或whom;不可用that或who代替第十五頁，共48頁。ThemanisfromBeijingUniversity.Italkedabouthimatthemeeting.Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.Jointhemintoonesentence.=Themanabout

ItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.

關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。該介詞通?？梢苑旁陉P(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。whom第十六頁，共48頁。但遇到固定詞組時，介詞一般緊跟詞組主體，不作前置。Isthisthebook(which/that)youare

lookingfor?

第十七頁，共48頁。Fillingblanks:1.Theman__________youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.2.Theroom__________myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.withwhominwhich第十八頁，共48頁?？键c三：Whose用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式1.whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語。That’sthechildwhosefatherisateacher.Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabook

whosecoverisgreen.2.whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，其先行詞不僅可以指人，還可以指物。

第十九頁，共48頁。3.whose的先行詞指物時,可用ofwhich代替,但詞序不同，即whose+名詞=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,

facessouth.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.thewindowofwhichofwhichthewindow第二十頁，共48頁?？键c四：as與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句

兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況多用as。1.當(dāng)與such或thesame連用時，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanas

you.2.as

引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首,as本身有“正如…..正象…”之意，與之連用的詞有know,see,expect,announce,pointout等。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.第二十一頁，共48頁。1.______wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_____weuseintheexperiment______Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is第二十二頁，共48頁。3.Sheisverygoodatdance,____everybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as4.______hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As5.Wedothesamework_____theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like第二十三頁，共48頁。Anyone_____breaksthelawispunished.Those

_____breakthelawarepunished.He

_____breaksthelawispunished.在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行詞時,用”who”代替“that”.考點五:that與who的區(qū)別whowhowho第二十四頁，共48頁。

考點六:如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞?選用定語從句的關(guān)系詞時，需注意兩點：1.先行詞2.關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。做主語，賓語，定語用做狀語用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞第二十五頁，共48頁。Iwillneverforgettheday_____Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentinBeijing.Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.when(which/that)(which/that)where第二十六頁，共48頁。

考點七:定語從句中主謂一致問題定語從句中的動詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它的先行詞保持一致。

1.Iamnotonewho______afraidofdifficulty．2.Don

’tchooseme,who_______notfitforthisjob．

isam第二十七頁，共48頁。

3.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_______.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewritten4.Sheisnottheonlyoneofthegirls___wellinclass.A.whichsingsB.whosingC.whosingsD.whotosing第二十八頁，共48頁。1.Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastweek?DIsthisthefactory____wevisitedlastWeek?A、whereB、thatC、towhichD、theoneB解題關(guān)鍵：如果是疑問句式，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為陳述句式。Exercises第二十九頁，共48頁。2.Letmethinkofapropersituation_______thissentencecanbeused.A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、whichA先行詞是situation,case,scene…時，一般用where,也可用inwhich第三十頁，共48頁。3.Shewillneverforgettheday_____shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC

Shewillneverforgettheday_____shestayedwithhiminBeijing.A第三十一頁，共48頁。5.Thecollegewon’ttakeanyone_____eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、whichB6.Those_____totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.A、whoB、whowantC、whowants

D、whatB第三十二頁，共48頁。7.Idon'tlikeEnglish,_____grammarIamnotinterested.Idon'tlikeEnglish,____grammarisdifficulttolearn.Ilikethishouse,_____doorwayisjustenoughtoget.Ilikethishouse,_____doorwayissmall.

A.inwhoseB.whichC.throughwhoseD.whoseADCD第三十三頁，共48頁。8.I，______yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoamD9.Whichofthetwocows______youkeepproducesmoremilk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB第三十四頁，共48頁。10.Hiswalkingstick,____hecan’twalk,waslostyesterday.A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhichD第三十五頁，共48頁。11.Whichofthetwocows______youkeepproducesmoremilk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB第三十六頁，共48頁。

12.

Asmanymembers_____werepresentagreedtotheplan.A.who

B.that

C.which

D.asD13.HemustbefromAfrica,_____canbeseenfromhisskin.A.that

B.as

C.who

D.whatB第三十七頁，共48頁。14.Thisisthesamepen______Ilostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.theoneD.A&BD比較：...thesamepenasIlost....thesamepenthatIlost.表示這支筆與我不見的那支很像，不一定就是則表示這支筆就是我不見的那支.第三十八頁，共48頁。15.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem___wecouldn'tsolve.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem___wecouldn'tsolveit.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.theonesABso...that后面跟的是一個結(jié)果狀語從句第三十九頁，共48頁。16.______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.WhatD.ThatB第四十頁，共48頁。17.I’lltellyou_____hetoldmelastnight.

A.allwhich

B.allwhat

C.thatallD.allD18.Howdoyoulikethebook?

It’squitedifferentfrom_____Ireadlastmonth.

A.thatB.which

C.theoneD.theonewhat

C第四十一頁，共48頁。19.Therearethreelibrariesinourschool,_______werebuiltfiveyearsago.A、allofthemB、eitherofthemC、allof