2022-2023年湖南省張家界市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Clinicaldepressionisaseriousillnessthatyou.______onyourown.

2.

A"DIY"divorcemaytakeeffectin______afterthesimpleprocedure.

3.

"Areyoustillbeatingyourwife?"isinrealitytwoquestionsthatareusually______.

4.

ThestatisticreleasedbytheAlliancetoSaveEnergyin2004showedthathybriddriversspentmuchlessmoneyonfuelthanSUVdrivers.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Itisdifficultforbankstoprovidefundsforbusinessexpansionsastheyhavetogothroughacomplicatedevaluationprocess.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.Adrawbacktolowheadhydroelectricpowerstationsisthattheydependon______.

A.thesolaractivity

B.seasonalwaterflow

C.seasonalwinddirection

D.theearth'sselfrotation

7.(9)

8.

Medicalmarketinghasmanyforms,suchasTVcampaigns,______.

9.

OneoftheweakpointsofLAMVis_______.

10.

WhatistheprimarydifferencebetweenthetwobusinessmodelsJoostisignoring?

A.Thenumberoffirmsadoptingeachbusinessmodel.

B.Whichisthemorerespectablemethodtoadvertising.

C.Whethertomakeuserspayforwhattheydownload.

D.whethertoallowuserstokeepwhattheydownload.

11.

Howfarwaterdropstotheturbinesinapowerstationisknownas______.

A.theheads

B.theflowrate

C.theverticaldistance

D.theheights

12.

Nowifyousubscribefuroneyear,youcanenjoy______.

13.

Large-packagepurchasecanbenefitlow-incomehouseholdsintheory,butitseldomworksinreality.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.Thisgivesusgoodreasontohopethatifweacttosolvetheenvironmentalproblemsthatstillremain,wewill______.

15.

ThetradingcompaniesusedonlyadvertisementstopersuadepeopleinallpartsoftheworldtogotoAmerica.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.Cellphone:yournextcomputer

Onehundrednineteenhours,41minutesand16seconds.That'stheamountoftimeAdamRappoport,ahighschoolseniorinPhiladelphia,hasspenttalkingintohissilverVerizonLGphonesincehegotitasagiftlastChristmas.That'snoteventhefullextentofhishabit.Healsospendscountlessadditionalhoursusinghisphone'sInternetconnectiontochecksportsscores,downloadnewring-tonesandsendshortmessagestohisfriends'phones,eveninthemiddleofclass."Iknowthetouch-tonepadonthephonebetterthanIknowakeyboard,"hesays,"I'maphoneguy."

InTokyo,halfwayaroundtheworld,SatoshiKoisoalsocloselyeyeshismobilephone.Koiso,acollegejunior,livesintheglobalcapitaloffancynewgadgets—20percentofallphonesinTokyolinktothefastestmobilenetworksintheworld.TokyoitesusetheirphonestowatchTV,readbooksandmagazinesandplaygames.ButKoisoalsodependsonhisphoneforsomethingsimplerandmoreprofound:ananti-smokingmessagethatpopsuponhissmallscreeneachmorningaspartofaprogramtohelpstudentskickcigarettes.

Technologyrevolutionscomeintwoflavors:greatlyfastandimperceptiblyslow.Thefastkind,likethesuddenubiquityofiPodsortheproliferation(增殖)ofmusic-sharingsitesontheNet,seemtoinstantlyreshapetheculturallandscape.Theslowerupheavalsgrindawayoverthecourseofdecades,subtlytransformingthewayweliveandwork.

Thereare1.5billioncellphonesintheworldtoday,morethanthreetimesthenumberofPCs.Mobilephonesaresointegraltoourlivesthatit'sdifficulttorememberhowthelifeweevergotonwithoutthem.

Canthecellphoneturnintothenextcomputer?

Asourphonesgetsmarter,smallerandfaster,andenableuserstoconnectathighspeedstotheInternet,anobviousquestionarises:isthemobilehandsetturningintothenextcomputer?Inonesense,italreadyhas.Today'smostsophisticatedphoneshavetheprocessingpowerofamid-1990sPCwhileconsuming100timeslesselectricity.Andmoreandmoreoftoday'sphoneshavecomputer-likefeatures,allowingtheirownerstosende-mail,browsetheWebandeventakephotos;84millionphoneswithdigitalcameraswereshippedlastyear.Changeitintoanothersamequestion,though,toaskwhethermobilephoneswillevereclipse,orreplace,thePC,andtheissuesuddenlybecomescontroversial.PCproponentssayphonesaretoosmallandconnecttoosluggishlytotheInternettobecomeeffectiveattasksnowperformedon-theluxuriouslylargescreensandkeyboardsoftoday'scomputers.Fansofthephonerespond:justwait.

Cominginnovationswillsolvethelimitationsofthephone."Oneday,2or3billionpeoplewillhavecellphones,andtheyareallnotgoingtohavePCs,"saysJeffHawkins,inventorofthePalmPilotandthechieftechnologyofficerofPalmOne."Themobilephonewillbecometheirdigitallife."

Smartcellphones

PalmOneisamongthefirmsracingtotrotoutthefull-featuredcomputer-likephonesthattheindustrydubs"smart-phones".Hawkins'newestproduct,thesleek,pocket-sizeTreo600,hasatinykeyboard,abuilt-indigitalcameraandslotsforaddedmemory,etc.Otherdevicemakershaveintroducedtheirownuniqueversionsofthesmart-phone.Nokia'sN-Gage,launchedlastfall,withanewversiontohitstoresthismonth,playsvideogames.Motorola'supcomingMPxhasanifty"dual-hinge"design:thehandsetopensinonedirectionandlookslikearegularphone,butitalsoflipsopenalonganotheraxisandlookslikeane-maildevice,withtheexpandedphonekeypadservingasasmallQWERTYkeyboard.Therearealsosmart-phonesonthewaywithvideocameras,GPSantennasandaccesstolocalWi-Fihotspots,thesuperfastwirelessnetworksoftenfoundinoffices,airportsandlocalca

A.YB.NC.NG

17.Accordingtoahoaxannouncement,theTacoBellCorporationboughttheLibertyBellandmovedittoIrvinetohelp______.

18.

ForfatchildrenwithtypeⅡdiabetes,theymayhavethesymptomofhighbloodpressure.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Ifyouwanttohavethesamekindoflivingasaretiree,youmayspend20%lessmonthlythanyoudonowbecause______.

A.olderpeopletendtobemorefrugal

B.expensesinvolvedinworkaresaved

C.publictransportationwillbecheaperthen

D.olderpeoplecandotheirowncleaningthen

20.

IfalltheiceintheAntarcticmelted,globalsealevelswouldrisehugely.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文：AlthoughthepracticeoftheoldRomanreligiondisappearedmanycenturiesago,sometracesoftheRomangodsarestillpresentinourdailyvocabulary.ThenamesoftheRomansungod,Sol,andthemoongoddess,Luna,areusedfrequentlyinourlanguage.

Thewordsolardescribesanythingpertainingtothesun,andlunaranythingpertainingtothemoon.Forexample,thesunandtheplanetscirclingitarecalledthesolarsystem.Theperiodoftimeinwhichtheearthcirclesthesunonceisasolaryear.Themoontakesonelunarmonthtocircletheearth.Alunaryearoftwelvelunarmonthsiselevendaysshorterthanasolaryear.

Insomecasesourlanguageshowshowtheseheavenlybodiesaffectusdirectly.Aroomorplaceforsunbathingisoftencalledasolarium.WegetourwordparasolfromtheItalianwordmeaning"aguardagainstthesun".Formanycenturiesitwasbelievedthatthemoonaffectedpeoplewhowerementallyill.Forthisreasonpeoplewhowerementallyillwereoftenreferredtoaslunatics.

(30)

A.Planets.B.Themoon.C.Thesun.D.Gods.

22.(26)

A.Thefunfair.

B.TheWaterWorld

C.TheOceanPark.

D.TheWaterfallGarden.

23.聽力原文：Whathashappenedtotheyouthoftoday?Peopleoftheoldergenerationsaskthisquestion.Yet,forsometimenowamovementhasbeendevelopingamongouryoungpeople.Itiscalled"StraightEdge"anditsfollowersareattemptingtoovercomethepoisonsoflife.TheleaderofthismovementislanMckays,aformerWashingtonsinger.Hewasthepersonwhosetthegoalofthismovement:nosmoking,nodrinking,nodrugs.Sinceitsbirthin1981,themovementhasspreadtoEuropeandisgrowingworldwide.

LutzDinslage,19,hasbeenoneofthemovement'sfollowersforayearnow."Myfriendsfirstintroducedmetothemovement,andIbecameinterestedinit.IbegantorealizethatInolongerwantedtocreatefalsefeelingsofhappinessbysmoking,drinkingortakingdrugs.Ididnotwanttojustmessaround.ForthisreasonIchangedmyattitudeandmyhabitsanddecidedtoliveouttheprinciplesofthismovement."

AtpresentitisstillnotclearwhetherStraightEdgewillcontinuetodevelopintoapromisingmovementofthefuture.However,onethingiscertain:wearedealingwithatrendthatisprovingthatahealthierlifestyle.amongtheyoungpeopleispossible.

(30)

A.Tocreatefeelingsofhappinessfortheyoungbysinging,

B.Topromoteahealthierlifestyle.amongyoungpeople.

C.Toclosethegapbetweentheoldergenerationsandtheyoung.

D.Tochangetheattitudeoftheyoungtowardswork.

24.(36)

A.Modelsofthefirstairplanesusedformaildelivery.

B.Replicasofrailwaymailcars.

C.Historicalstamps.

D.Engravingsofnineteenth-centuryrailroadscenes.

25.聽力原文：W:Goodafternoon,Mr.Peterson.(19)I'vedraftedascheduleforyourbusinesstriptoAmericaandI'mcallingtoconsultwithyoutogetitright.

M:Good,pleasegoahead.

W:I'vemanagedtobookyouaflightforNewYorkatthetimeyouwanted.(21)Itwilltakeoffat9:00a.m.nextTuesdayandlandinNewYorkat11:40p.m.Mr.AndersonwillmeetyouattheairportanddriveyoutotheWelsonHotel.(20)ItissaidtobethemostreputablehotelinNewYork.I'vebookedasuiteforyouthere.

M:Thatsoundsgreat!

W:OnWednesdaymorning,you'llhaveaninterviewwithMr.Smith,thegeneralmanagerofNewYorkbranch.Andintheafternoon,youaregoingtotheNewProductExhibition.Nextmorning,youwillvisittheirfactory.

M:OK.(21)ThenIshallgotoDetroitonThursdayafternoon.Isthatright?

W.(21)Yes,inthatcase,youwillhavetogotherebytrain.ItwilltakeyouaboutsixhoursfromNewYorktoDetroit.

M.Allright.

W:OK.YouarealsoinvitedtoattendthebanquetattheirheadquartersonFridayevening.ThenonSaturdaymorning,youwillflystraightbackat11:30.

M.Wow,itisreallyatightschedule.(22)Bytheway,what'stheweatherwillbelikeinNewYorkandDetroitduringnextweek?

W:(22)Well,Iwillcheekandcallyouhack,OK?

M:Sure.Thankyou!

(23)

A.ToaskpermissiontogotoAmerica.

B.Toconfirmhisbusinesstripschedule.

C.Toaskhowtodraftaschedule.

D.Toconsultherbusinesstrip.

26.【B5】

27.(31)

A.ItisunfortunatethatsomuchattentionisbeingpaidtoyoungpeopleintheUnitedStates.

B.Olderpeopleshouldtrytounderstandthethoughtsandfeelingsoftheyouth.

C.Manyproblemstodayarecausedbythoseparentswhowouldnotcontroltheirchildren.

D.Theyoungpeopleoftodayaremainlyinterestedinenjoyinglife.

28.聽力原文：W:Hi,John!

M:Hi,Beth!

W:Congratulations!Iheardyou'vegotapart-timejob.

M:No.IwishIhad.I'mstillonthewaitinglist.

W:Seemslikeit'shardtogetagoodpart-timejobthesedays.

M:Youbet.I'vebeensearchingonlinefordays,butthere'slittlechance...

W:Funny,isn'tit?You'reaManagementmajorconcentratingonMarketing.Nowyou'vegottolearnhowtomarketyourself!Whynotlookinthelocalpaper?There'reoftenlotsofjobsinit.

M:Areyoukidding?Theunemploymentfiguresareupagainthismonth!

W:Don'tbesonegative.Lookatthejobsintheclassifiedsintoday'spaper...somanyopenings.Justprintoutyourresumeandsendittothem.

M:Iusuallyapplyonline.Isendashortcoverletterinthetextoftheemail,andthenattachmyresume.It'sconvenient.Whataboutyou?Anyluck?

W:Well,Ihaven'tevenstartedplanningtolookforajobyet.IfonlyIhadmoretime,Icoulddoit.

M:Whysobusy?

W:Well,Ididn'tgetgoodgradeslastsemesterandfailedtwotests...

M:Sorrytohearthat.Ithinknoonedeservesgoodgradesmorethanyou!

W:Thank.you.Themainreason,Iguess,wasthatIdidn'tgetaccustomedtothewayoflearninghere.Well,wherethere'sawill,there'saway.Iwishyougoodluckonyourjobsearch.

(20)

A.Hehasgotapart-timejob.

B.Heisstillonthewaitinglist.

C.Hehasnotyetstartedtolookforajob.

D.Heisplanningtolookforajob.

29.聽力原文：M:Let'shaveafestivalatthebeginningoftheschoolyeartoraisesomemoneyfortheclub.

W:That'sagoodidea.Ibelieveitwillgettheballrolling.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(17)

A.Allthestudentswouldlikeaformalball.

B.Raisingthemoneywillbehard.

C.Thefestivalwillbegintheyearnicely.

D.Theclubneedssomesportsaswell.

30.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:Ifthetrafficwasn'theldupforsolong,Iwouldhavebeentoclassbyteno'clock.

W:It'stoobadyoudidn'tmakeit.Theprofessorwaslookingforyouallmorning.

Q:Whathappenedtotheman?

(12)

A.Hedidn'tgotoworkthismorning.

B.Hewasinjuredandhadtogotothehospital

C.Hetalkedwiththeprofessorinthemorning.

D.Thetrafficdelayedhim.

31.

【B8】

32.(13)

A.Heoftencutsclassestoplaybasketball.

B.Hehasnochancetoplaybasketball.

C.He'slookingforsomebodytoplaythegamewith.

D.Helovesplayingbasketballverymuch.

33.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Itiscommonlyheldthatdrinkingmoderateamountsofalcoholcanreducetheoddsofhavingadeadlyheartattack.More(36)______benefitstothehearthave(37)______whenpeoplehadthreetosevendrinksperday.Butdoctorsadviseagainstthatbecauseheavydrinkingisassociatedwitha(38)______ofproblems.Itcanbeliverdamagesor(39)______fertility.Dr.PekkaKarhunen,oftheUniversityofTampereinFinland,saidthat(40)______reportsthatoneortwoalcoholicdrinksperdaycouldhelp(41)______offheartdisease.Thatappearedtohavebeen"(42)______".Ofhisstudy,releasedattheAmericanHeartAssociations(43)______meeting,Karhunensaidinaninterviewthat"thereisnodangerinoneortwodrinksperday,butthebenefitisquitelow."(44)____________.Thedrinksincludebeer,wineorliquor.Karhunenandhiscolleagueschose700Finnishmenwhohaddiedbetweentheagesof33and70.Theresearchers(45)____________.Thescientistsfoundthathavingfewerthanthreedrinksperdaydidnotreducetheprogressofanyheartdiseaseandonly"slightly"minimizedthechanceofhavingafatalheartattack.(46)____________.

34.(24)

A.HecanspeakalittleItalian.

B.HeknowsalotofGerman.

C.HeisgoodatFrench.

D.HespeaksSpanishfluently.

35.(47)

36.(35)

A.TheysendthemessagetothePresidentwithintendays.

B.Theyofficiallystatereasonsforrejectingthemessage.

C.TheymeetwiththePresident.

D.Theyrevisethevetoedbill.

37.【B7】

38.聽力原文：M:There'ssomethingdifferentaboutPaula,butIcan'tputmyfingeronit.

W:Iheardthatshehadhadcosmeticsurgery.Wanttobetshehadanosejob?

Q:WhatprobablyhappenedtoPaula?

(13)

A.Shelostafinger.

B.Someonehitherinthenose.

C.Shebecameasurgicalnurse.

D.Shehadanoperationonhernose.

39.(28)

A.Lessselfdiscipline.

B.Bettersenseofdiscipline.

C.Moremutualrespect.

D.Lesseffectivegovernment.

40.聽力原文：W:Iknowwhythatchildgrowssotallforhisageoffour.Hismotherrequireshimtodrinkacupofmilkeverynightbeforegoingtobed.

M:Thatmaynotbethereason.Haveyoueverseenhisfatherwhoiscloseto2meterstall?

Q:Whatcontributesmosttothechild'sheightaccordingtotheman?

(15)

A.Milk.B.Sleep.C.Exercise.D.Genes.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

YearsbeforePresidentBillClintoncametoWashingtonwithhiscampaignpledgetospendanadditional＄20,000millionannuallyonAmerica'sinfrastructure"todeveloptheworld'sbestcommunication,transportation,andenvironmentalsystems,"economistsandothersweretalkingabouttheneedtospendmoreonpublicworks.Theirdebatehasbeenalmostentirelyaboutonequestion:howmuchmore?Usuallyoverlookedintheseindiscussionsistherealinfrastructuredilemmaofthe21stcentury--nothowmuchtospendbuthowtodecidewhattobuildandwheretobuildit.

Forseveralreasons,theoldwaysofdecidingthesematterssimplydonotworkanymore.Americanstodayarefarmoreskepticalaboutthevalueofnewroads,bridges,andsewagetreatmentplantsespeciallywhentheyarelocatedintheirown.backyards.Theirfaiththatdecisionsaboutpublicworkscanbesafelyleftinthehandsofpublicofficials,engineers,andothertechnicalexpertsisgone.

Reflectingin1985uponthefinaldemiseofWestway,theproposedhighwayalongManhattan'sWestSidethathadbeenheldupfor30years,SenatorDanielPatrickMoynihanofNewYorkwrote,"Thereisakindofstasisthatisbeginningtosettleintoourpubliclife.Wecannotreachdecisions.Centralparkcouldnotconceivablybebuilttodayasitwaswhentherewasenoughpoweringovernmenttomakethedecision.Wedon'thavethatcapacity."

Thepersistenceofthepublicworksporkbarrel(地方建設(shè)經(jīng)費)—fundingblatantlypoliticalprojects--hasalsocontributedtopublicskepticism.InthesameyearthatMoynihandecriedthedeathofWestway,localpoliticiansthe＄1,800millionTennesseeTombigbeeWaterway,recentlydescribedbytheAtlantaJournalConstitutionas"abrokenpromise."Aclassicporkbarrelproject,thewaterwaycarriesonlyone-tenththecommercialbargetrafficthathadbeenprojected.

Economists'debatehasneglectedthequestionofhow______.

42.

Theprinciplediscoveryinthiscenturyshows______.

A.manhasoverthrownNewton'slawsofphysics

B.manhassolvedanewsetofgiganticpuzzles

C.manhaslostmanyscientificdiscoveries

D.manhasgivenupsomeoftheonceacceptedtheories

43.

AccordingtoDr.Rascool,theeffectivesolutiontotheunfavorableforecastis______.

A.toreducethecarbondioxidecontentoftheatmosphere

B.todecreasethecollectionsofaerosolsintheair

C.tosubstitutefavorablefuelforthepresenttype

D.toadoptsomeeffectivemeasurestodestroytheaerosollayer

44.

【C7】

45.

Whichofthefollowingcanbeanappropriateheadingforthepassage?

A.DifferentPatternsofSpeechinDifferentSituations.

B.ResponseMatchingandSpeechDivergence.

C.SocialIntegrationorImitation？

D.WaysofSpeaking:PresentandPast.

46.

Wherehavetheprofitsofglobalizationgone?

A.Inrichcountrieswithstricttariffbarriers.

B.InChinaandVietnam.

C.Inthehandsofsmartwomen.

D.Inthehandsofrichermembersofthesociety.

47.

Fromparagraphtwo,wecaninferthat______.

A.BushforcedtheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratorytolayoffworkers

B.Bushvisitedthelab(NRELbeforethelaid-offof32workers

C.the32workersmightbereemployedafterBush'svisit

D.Bushcarried$5millioncashtotheNRELwhenhevisitedthere

48.Before1965manyscientistspicturedthecirculationoftheocean'swatermassasconsistingoflargeslow-movingcurrents,suchastheGulfStream.Thatview,basedon100yearsofobservationsmadearoundtheglobe,producedonlyaroughapproximationofthetruecirculation.Butinthe1950sandthe1960s,researchersbegantoemploynewlydevelopedtechniquesandequipmentincludingsubsurfacefloatsthatmovewithoceancurrentandemitidentificationsignalsformonthsatfixedlocationsintheocean.Theseinstrumentsdisclosedanunexpectedlevelofvariabilityinthe'deepocean.Ratherthanbeingcharacterizedbysmooth,large-scalecurrentsthatchangeseasonally(ifatall),theseasaredominatedbywhatoceanographers(海洋研究者)callmesoscalefields(紊流):fluctuating,energeticflowswhosevelocitycanreachtentimesofthemeanvelocityofthemajiorcurrents.

Mesoscalephenomena--theoceanicanalogueofweatherterms--oftenextendtodistancesof100kilometersandpersistfor100days(weathersystemsgenerallyextendabout1000kilometersandlast3to5daysinanygivenarea).Morethan90percentofthekineticenergyoftheentireoceanmaybeaccountedforbymesoscalevariabilityratherthanbylarge-scalecurrents.Mesoscalephenomenamay,infact,playasignificantroleinoceanicmixingair-seainteractions,and'occasionalbutfar-reachingclimateeventssuchasEINino,theatmospheric-oceanicdisturbanceintheequatorialPacificthataffectsglobalweatherpatterns.

Unfortunately,itisnotfeasibletouseconventionaltechniquestomeasuremesoscalefields.Tomeasurethemproperly,monitoringequipmentswouldhavetobelaidoutonagridatintervalsofatmost50kilometers,withsensorsateachgridpointlowereddeepintheoceanandkeptthereformanymonths.Becauseusingthesetechniqueswouldbeprohibitivelyexpensiveandtime-consuming,itwasproposedin1975thattomography(X射線斷層攝影技術(shù))beadaptedtomeasuringthephysicalpropertiesoftheocean.InmedicaltomographyX-raysmapthehumanbody'sdensityvariations(andhenceinternalorgans);theinformationfromtheX-rays,transmittedthroughthebodyalongmanydifferentpaths,isrecombinedtoform.three-dimensionalimagesofthebody'sinterior.Itisprimarilythismultiplicativeincreaseindataobtainedfromthemulti-pathtransmissionofsignalsthataccountsforoceanographers'attractiontotomography:itallowsthemeasurementofvastareaswithrelativelyfewinstruments.Researchersreasonedthatlow-frequencysoundwaves,becausetheyaresowelldescribedmathematicallyandbecauseevensmallperturbations(動搖)inemittedsoundwavescanbedetected,couldbetransmittedthroughtheoceanovermanydifferentpathsandthatthepropertiesoftheocean'sinterior-itstemperature,salinity,densityandspeedofcurrents-couldbededucedonthebasisofhowtheoceanalteredthesignals.Theirinitialtrialswerehighlysuccessful,andoceanacoustictomographywasborn.

WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoPara.1?

A.Nowadays,scientistspicturedthecirculationofocean'swatermassasconsistingoflargeslow-movingcurrents.

B.Before1965,theconceptofscientistsproducedonlyaroughapproximationofthetruecirculation.

C.Researchersbegantodoresearchonthedevelopedtechniquesandequipment.

D.Theseinstrumentsdisclosedanexpectedlevelofvariabilityinthedeepocean.

49.OnDecember21st,justintimefortheseasonalfestivities,theBushadministrationraisedtheterroralertfrom"elevated"to"high".Thisisthefifthtimethatthealerthasbeenraisedto"codeorange"—butitlooksasifitcouldbekeptatthislevelforquitesometime.Officialsseemedtobemorenervousthanusual,sinceunlikepreviousdecisionstoraisethethreatlevel,thisonewasapparentlyunanimousamongofficialsintheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense.Askedwhetherthealertwas"trulyserious",DonaldRumsfeld,thedefensesecretary,replied"yes,youbetyourlife".

Theauthoritieshavenoticedamarkedincreasein"chatter".Theyhavealsopickedupspecificthreats—someofthem,itseems,todowithhijackingaircraftandcrashingthemintobuildings.Thetargetsreportedlyincludedsomebigcities,forexample,LasVegasisaparticularworry,butmoreobscureplaceswerealsochatteredabout,includingRappahannockCounty,orperhapsthetownofTappahannock,bothinruralVirginia,andValdez,inAlaska.ThepointofanysuchterrorismwouldbetomakesurethatnoAmericananywherefeltsafe.

Aparticularfocusofconcernhasbeenflightsfromabroad.AirFrancecanceledsixflightsbetweenParisandLosAngelesatAmericangovernment'srequest.Frenchauthoritiesquestionedandreleasedadozenorsopassengersbutseveralpeoplewithtickets,includingonewhowasreportedlyatrainedpilot,failedtoturnupfortheflight.OnDecember29thsomeinternationalairlineswereorderedtoplacearmedairmarshalsonflightsovertheUnitedStates.

Ontopofallthis,therehavealsobeenmorefamiliarsignsofsecuritybeingbeefedupatnuclearplants,portsandotherpossibletargets.Surface-to-airmissileshaveonceagainbeenconspicuouslydeployedinWashington,DC.

Inevitably,somepeoplehavebeguntoquestionwhetherputtingthecountryonsuchahighstateofreadinessisworthit.Theprocesscostsabout$1billionaweek.Criticsworrythatpeoplewillbecomeunconcernedaboutrepeatedsecurityalerts.Theyalsocomplainaboutthegovernmentsendingmixedsignals:tellingAmericanstheyareingreatjeopardy(危險)butalsothattheyshouldgoabouttheirbusinessasnormal.However,thecriticsmaybetoofussy(挑剔的).Itisextremelyhardtoseewhatelsethegovernmentcouldhavedone—withouteitherignoringcrediblethreatsorcreatingmasspanic.Thismaybetheonlywaytofacethepossiblethreats.

Whydidofficialsappearmoreworriedabouttheterroralertthistime?

A.Becausetheraiseofterroralertwasintheseasonalfestivitiesthistime.

B.Becauseitwasthefifthtimetoraisetheterroralerttocodeorange.

C.Becauseterroralertwouldbekeptatthislevelforaperiodoftime.

D.BecauseofficialsintheDepartmentofDefenseallagreedonthedecision.

50.Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotr