中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧及操練

一、學(xué)法指導(dǎo)

閱讀理解(comprehension)是中考英語考試的重要題型之一，它具有題量大、題材廣

泛、體裁多樣以及考查方式靈活、注重現(xiàn)實(shí)生活等特點(diǎn)。閱讀理解有以下幾種類型：

1.主旨題(又稱中心思想題)

這類題基本上是問mainidea,或besttitle是什么；也可以問作者寫此文章的purpose何

在；或問此文的conclusion可總結(jié)為什么。碰到這類題最簡(jiǎn)單的方法是把文中每段的首句串

起來考慮。若是僅問其中某一段的中心思想為何，則可將該段的首、尾句加起來考慮。

2.詞匯題(又稱詞語釋義題)

這類題常問考生一些不認(rèn)識(shí)、從未見過的一些生詞或詞組的意思是什么。解題技巧為參

考上、下文，尤其是下文。因?yàn)橄挛某３Ｊ菍?duì)該詞的解釋、說明、舉例等等。

3.作者態(tài)度題

常問作者對(duì)某事是什么態(tài)度：主觀(subjective)還是客觀(objective)；肯定(positive)

還是否定(negative)；贊成(approval)還是反對(duì)(opposition)等等。解題的關(guān)鍵是要看作

者在文中用了什么樣的口氣。若用褒義詞，顯然是贊成。若用貶義詞，顯然是反對(duì)。若客觀

陳述，則是中性的立場(chǎng)，不偏不倚。注意：作者態(tài)度常常在轉(zhuǎn)折詞后表明出來。所以，but

一詞至關(guān)重要(還有類似的yet,however,although,nevertheless等)。

4.推理性問題

其典型詞有兩個(gè)：infer和imply.如：Whatcanyouinferfromthestory?或Whatisthe

impliedmeaningofthissentence?

切記，推理性問題原文中沒有現(xiàn)成的答案。答案是你自己推想出來的，但不能憑空瞎想，

必須以原文中某句話或某個(gè)詞語為依據(jù)去合理推測(cè)才能找到合適的答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)性問題

這類問題與推理性問題截然相反，都可以從原文中找到答案，只不過為了迷惑考生，常

常將原文進(jìn)行改寫，換一種說法。所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而與原文

意思相同的，才是正確的。

下面介紹幾種提高閱讀理解能力的方法：

1、不斷擴(kuò)大詞匯量。①利用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)生詞意義。常見的詞綴有im-,un-,dis-等前綴及

-or,-ist,-tion等后綴；同時(shí)，也可利用轉(zhuǎn)化法及合成法。這是擴(kuò)大詞匯量，提高閱讀理解能

力的好方法。②利用語境，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系，結(jié)合常識(shí)來推測(cè)詞的意義，如同位語關(guān)系、

反義關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系等，對(duì)文章句子理解的基礎(chǔ)上猜測(cè)詞義，加強(qiáng)閱讀理解的能力。③運(yùn)用

歸納法，即把同一類詞歸納在一起，如把有關(guān)貨幣與金融的詞匯、文藝與體育的詞匯歸納在

一起記憶。

2、鞏固掌握所學(xué)語法知識(shí)。語法是語言的組織規(guī)律，是關(guān)于詞形變化和組詞成句的規(guī)

則。熟練掌握和運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)，如時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，從句等。

3、拓寬知識(shí)面，增加背景知識(shí)。

4、熟練掌握閱讀技巧。

①摒棄那種先看文章后看問題再看文章的作法，采用先讀問題后看文章。兩者比較，后

者不僅少看一遍文章，節(jié)約了時(shí)間，而且后者這種有目的，閱讀效率更高。

②采用由下而上的閱讀方法(thebottom-upapproachtoreading)?讀者通過從小的單位著

手，如：?jiǎn)卧~、詞組、句子、段落，先理解他們的意思。再將它們連接成文章，而后理解整

篇文章的意思。

③采用由上而下的方法(thetop-downapproachtoreading)此方法先是讀者利用他對(duì)文章

主題及題型的知識(shí)，對(duì)文章中所將包含的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推測(cè)，然后通過自己的閱讀對(duì)所猜測(cè)的內(nèi)

容進(jìn)行校對(duì)。

④采用瀏覽閱讀方式，即讀者很快瀏覽標(biāo)題、付標(biāo)題，從而對(duì)文章的大意有所了解，并

且找出文章中一些重要的信息。了解文章的大意中心，并且決定哪些是重要的，哪些是次要

的，盡快地了解到文章的大意。

⑤采用掃描型閱讀方式。采用此方法的關(guān)鍵是讀者必需知道自己要找什么，而不需逐詞

逐句地進(jìn)行閱讀。

⑥采用細(xì)讀方式（readindetail）。這種方式要求讀者仔細(xì)地、深入地對(duì)文章中的字、詞句

進(jìn)行分析、研究。不僅要了解字面意思，而且要求讀者把握文章細(xì)節(jié)，了解到文章所隱含的

意思。

⑦采用評(píng)讀方式（criticalreading）o這就要求讀者充分使用句法的邏輯的文章的文化背景

知識(shí)，對(duì)文章作深入細(xì)致的研究，從而更好地陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)見解。

但是，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有些學(xué)生在做題過程中有一些不良的閱讀習(xí)慣及閱讀方法。具體表現(xiàn)在：

1、慢讀：許多學(xué)生誤認(rèn)為讀得越慢，理解程度越高。事實(shí)上閱讀速度與理解率之間并

無多少聯(lián)系。而且實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，閱讀速度快的人把握文章大意優(yōu)于閱讀速度慢的人。因此要迫

使自己經(jīng)常進(jìn)行限時(shí)閱讀。

2、指讀：這是在閱讀過程中常見的--種現(xiàn)象。學(xué)生為了使自己集中注意力，常用手指、

筆、尺等工具指著單詞逐個(gè)地讀。這種習(xí)慣把學(xué)生的注意力集中到了書頁的字行上，使學(xué)生

讀完文章還不知主題內(nèi)容。學(xué)生應(yīng)把注意力集中在文章思想內(nèi)容上，而非每個(gè)字的位置上。

3、聲讀：聲讀是部分學(xué)生在閱讀時(shí)讀出聲來的一種不良習(xí)慣。它約束了學(xué)生的閱讀速

度。而實(shí)踐證明，讀者正常的默讀速度是他們說話速度的兩倍。

4、心讀：這種讀法使文字首先轉(zhuǎn)化為聲音記號(hào)進(jìn)入大腦，然后再轉(zhuǎn)化為文字思維，延

緩了閱讀速度?？朔淖x的有效方法就是有意識(shí)地讓學(xué)生將閱讀速度加快到超過最快的講話

速度，使學(xué)生沒有時(shí)間去念每個(gè)單詞的音。

5、眼睛的運(yùn)動(dòng)

6、回視：這是學(xué)生在閱讀過程中，對(duì)己經(jīng)閱讀過的內(nèi)容不放心，而倒過去復(fù)視的現(xiàn)象。

7、心譯：心譯就是學(xué)生在閱讀文章時(shí)，用非英語思維模式理解閱讀材料，即英語一母

語一英語。要矯正這種毛病，就要讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到閱讀英語時(shí)用英語思維模式（英語一英語）。

8、過多地依賴工具書：閱讀中，學(xué)生遇到不懂的單詞或短語就頻繁地使用工具書?？?/p>

服這一習(xí)慣的方法是讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)猜測(cè)，掌握猜詞的技巧，利用上下文意思、構(gòu)詞法、同義、

反義、定義、解釋等技巧得到詞的意思。

二、典型例題：

（09常州初中英語中考題）

Iwasinlinewaitingtopay.Inlinethereweretwopeoplebeforeme.Alittleboywasbuying

someratherstrangeclothes.Hechattedwithanyonewhowasinterestedintheclothesandsoon

welearntthathewasgoingtoakindergarten（幼兒園）party.Hehaddoneagreatjobofputting

togetherinterestingcostumes.

Inoticedthatthelittleboywaspayingmostlywithchange（零錢）.Itseemedthathehad

robbedhispigbank（豬形儲(chǔ)蓄罐）todothisshopping.However,thecashiertoldhimhewasshort

aftercountingallthemoney.Theboythoughtforamomentandsaid,“PleasekeeptheshirtandI

willcomebackwithmoremoney.11

Itwasclearthathehadalreadyusedallthemoneyhehadandhewas$8.00short.Thelady

infrontofmesaid,“Well,Icouldpayhalfofthat."ItoldtheboythatIcouldpaytheotherhalf.

Wedugintoourhandbags.However,bothofusonlyhadten-dollarbills（紙幣）andweneededthe

cashiertogetthechangeforus.Othershoppersbegandiggingintotheirpocketstofindsome

change.Itwasamazingandtouchingasallthesestrangersseemedtoreact（反應(yīng)）withthesame

mind.Allwantedtobeofhelp.Withinminutesthecashiersaid,“Ihavetoomuchmoney."The

cashierdidn'tneedourten-dollarbills.Thentheladyinfrontofme,whohadbeenthefirstto

offerhelp,said,"Wait!Ididn'tevengetachancetogiveanything!”

Ismiledatherandsaid,“Youdidyourshare,becauseitwasyourideaandyoustartedallthis.

“Thelittleboysmiledandthankedus.Wewishedhimthebestandheleft.Iwasleftwithagood

feeling.Ihadseentheloveandgoodnessofothersallaroundme.Thewomaninfrontofme

smiledandsaid,“Itsurefeelsgoodtogive,doesn'tit?"Ismiledbackandsaid,"Yes!”

1.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

A.Loveandgoodness.B.Cultureandtradition.

C.Friendshipandhonesty.D.Communicationandunderstanding.

題目分析：這是主旨題，碰到這種題目時(shí)，文章的首尾段很重要，根據(jù)本篇最后一段中“Ihad

seentheloveandgoodnessofothersallaroundme.”這句話可見，本題的正確答案是選項(xiàng)A。

2.Whydidthewriterandthewomanbothfeelglad?

A.Becausetheboyhadsavedsomemoney.

B.Becausetheybothdidn'lneedtogiveanything.

C.Becausethecashierdidn'tlookdownontheboy.

D.Becausealltheshoppersaroundwerewillingtohelptheboy.

題目分析：這是細(xì)節(jié)題。答案還是在最后一段，是第四、五句話，因此本題正確答案是選項(xiàng)

D.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“touching"mostprobablymean?

A.令人感動(dòng)的B.令人難過的C.令人失望的D,令人害怕的

題目分析：這是詞匯題。首先應(yīng)該在原文找出這個(gè)詞，再參照上下文來推測(cè)詞匯的意思。尤

其是下文，通常有對(duì)此詞的解釋說明。本題的關(guān)鍵就是下文“asallthesestrangersseemedto

react（反應(yīng)）withthesamemind.Allwantedtobeofhelp.”好像所有的人都有同樣的人都有相

同的反應(yīng)，所有的人都想幫助那個(gè)男孩。此情此情當(dāng)然是令人感動(dòng)的，因此本題正確答案是

選項(xiàng)A.

4.What'sthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents?

a.Thecashiergotenoughmoneyfortheboy'sshirt.

b.Thecashiercountedtheboy'smoney.

c.Theshopperslookedforsomechangeintheirpockets.

d.Theboywenttothelinetopay.

A.b,a,c,dB.b,c,a,dC.d,b,c,aD,d,c,a,b

題目分析：這是一個(gè)排序題，事實(shí)上也是一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題。此類題目可以先看選項(xiàng)，確定第一個(gè)，

再確定第二個(gè)或最后一個(gè)即可。b和d比較起來，明顯是d在前，所有排除A和B選項(xiàng)，

比較C和D選項(xiàng)最后一個(gè)是a,因此此題正確選項(xiàng)是C。

三、鞏固應(yīng)用

A

（蘇州2009中考）

Whenwetalkaboutintelligence（智力），wedonotmeantheabilitytogetgoodscoreson

certainkindsoftestsoreventheabilitytodowellinschool.Byintelligencewemeanawayof

livingandbehaving（表現(xiàn)），especiallyinnewsituation.Ifwewanttotestintelligence,weneed

tofindouthowapersonactsinsteadofhowmuchheknowswhattodo.

Forexample,wheninanewsituation,anintelligentpersonthinksaboutthesituation,not

abouthimselforwhatmighthappentohim.Hetriestofindoutallhecan,andthenheacts

immediatelyandtriestotosomethingaboutit.Heprobablyisn'tsurehowitwillallworkout,but

atleasthetries.Andifhecannotmakethingsworkoutright,hedoesn'tfeelashamed（羞愧）that

hefailed,hejusttriestolearnfromhismistakes.Anintelligentperson,evenifheisveryyoung,

hasaspecialoutlookonlife,aspecialfeelingaboutlife,andhefitsintoit.

Ifyoulookatchildren,you'llseegreatdifferencebetweenwhatwecall"bright”childrenand

"non-bright"children.Theyareactuallytwodifferentkindsofpeople,notjustthesamekindwith

differentamountofintelligence.Forexample,thebrightchildreallywantstofindoutabout

life—hetriestogetintouchwitheverythingaroundhim.Buttheunintelligentchildkeepsmoreto

himselfandhisowndream-world;heseemstohaveawallbetweenhimandlifeingeneral.

（）1.Accordingtothepassage,intelligenceistheabilityto.

A.getsomehighscoresonsometestsB.dowellinschool

C.dealwithlifeD.havealotofbookknowledge

（）2.Inanewsituation,anintelligentperson.

A.knowsmoreaboutwhatmighthappentohim

B.issureoftheresulthewillget

C.caresmoreabouthimself

D.keepshismindonwhattodoaboutthesituation

（）3.Ifanintelligentpersonfailed,hewould.

A.trynottofeelashamedB.learnfromhismistakes

C.trytofindallhecouldD.makesurewhatresulthewouldget

（）4.Brightchildrenandnon-brightchildren.

A.aretwodifferenttypesofchildren

B.aredifferentmainlyintheirdegreeofcleverness

C.havedifferenceonlyintheirwayofthinking

D.havedifferentknowledgeabouttheworld

B

（無錫2009中考）

Marypickedupapencilandapieceofpaper,saying,"Now,youwanttoearnmoneyforthe

autumncampingtrip,right?"Tom,herbrother,nodded.Hewasn'tabletogolastyearbecausehe

hadn'tearnedenoughmoneyduringthesummer.Thisyearhecameupwithaplan.

Hemadeanecklaceforhismotherthateveryoneadmired.Theyweresuiprisedtolearnthat

Tomhadmadeitforher.Whynotmakemorenecklacesandsellthem?

“OK,"saidMary,“Thefirstthingyouneedtodoistofigureout（計(jì)算）howmuchyouhave

now.”

"Ihave$20.0（）inthebank,and$7.25inmyroom,*'explainedTom.

"Thatgivesyouatotalof$27.25,"saidMary,'Thatiscalledyourcapital.

Thenextthingyouneedtoknowishowmuchitwillcostyoutomakeeachnecklace."

“Well,thepetshopwillgivemeallthefeathersthebirdslose.Tilhavetobuythebeads(小珠

子)andstring,saidTom.

Marywroteonthepieceofpaper:

"Howmuchdoyouthinkyoucansellsuchanecklacefor?"askedMary.

“HmmJTomlookedthoughtfulandsaid,"There'sashopintownthatsellsalmostthesame

kindofnecklacefor$7.50.IfIcharge(要價(jià))$6.00,peoplewillthinkthat*sabargain."

nOK.11youselleachnecklacefor$6.00,you'llmakeagoodprofit(利潤(rùn))oneachthen,"

saidMary.

''Hurray!”Tomcried,"IfIsell20necklaces,I'llhaveenoughfromtheprofitforthecamping

tripand$10.00leftover."

()5.WhichwordbestdescribesMary?

A.Confident.B.Generous.C.Helpful.D.Outgoing.

()6.Theunderlinedword"bargain^^inthisstorymeans"

A.somethingsoldcheapB.somethingsoldexpensive

C.somethingmadeathomeD.somethingmadebychildren

()7.HowmuchwouldTomhavetospendonthecampingtrip?

A.$47.45.B.$75.C.$85.D.$102.25.

()8.HowdidTomknowhowmuchhewouldhaveleftoverafterpayingforthecamping

trip?

A.Hetookthecostofthetripfromtheprofithewouldmakeon20necklaces.

B.Headdedthecostofthetriptotheprofithewouldmakeon20necklaces.

C.HeaskedMaryfortheanswer.

D.Hetookthecostofeachnecklacefromtheamountofmoneyhehadtobeginwith.

()9.What'sthebesttitleforthisstory?

A.HowtoMakeNecklacesB.HowtoSellNecklaces

C.HowtoMakeaPlanD.HowtoEarnMoneyforaTrip

C

(揚(yáng)州2008中考)

Thursday,April24th

Wegottotheclean,lovelycityofYangzhouearlyinthemoming.Thisisourfirsttripto

China.Allthedifferentsmellsattractourattentiontothelocalfood.Wearegoingtotrysomething

specialfordinnertonight.Thehotelwearegoingstayinginisnotexpensivebutveryclean.Weplan

tostayhereforafewdays,visitsomeplacesinthecity,andthentraveltotheGreatWallinthe

north.

Sunday,April27th

WevisitedthefamousSlenderWestLakewhichwascrowdedwithvisitorsfromalloverthe

world,andboughtalotoftoysforourfriendsoutsidethegateofthepark,Everythingisso

colourful,andwehavetakenhundredsofphotosalready!Latertodaywewilldothefamousfoot

massageandthenleavefortheGreatWall.Wewilltakethenighttrainnorth,stayinBeijingfor

twodays,andthencatchabustotheGreatWall.

Wednesday,April30th

OurtriptotheGreatWallwaslongandboring.Wevisitedasmallvillagebesides

mountains.Thevillagepeopleherelovethequietlife.Theyarethekindestpeopleweever

met.Theyalwayssmileandsay"HeHo",RalphandIcanonlyspeakalittleChinese,sosmilingis

thebestwaytoshowourkindness.

()lO.FromthepassagewecanseethatthethewriterhadastayinYangzhou.

A.fbur-dayB.fivedaysC.six-dayD.seven-day

()11.Thewriterdidn'tinYangzhiou.

A.tastedeliciousfoodB.visitplacesofinterest

C.dofoodmassageD.climbmountains

()12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.IttookthemalongtimetogettotheGreatWHfromBeijing.

B.ThewriterleftYangzhouforBeijingbytrainatnight.

C.Peopleinthevillageliveaquietbuthappylife.

D.Thewriterwastravellingalonebuthappily.

()13.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.MyFirstVisittoYangzhou.

B.MyTravellinginChina.

C.DeliciousFoodandBeautifulPlaces.

D.ATriptotheGreatWall.

D

(蘇州2007中考)

DENVER,COLORADO-----Whatdoesittaketobeahero?InthecaseofliveDenver

children,itonlytakesacryforhelp.Here'sthestoryofthesefiveheroesasGaryLewis,theman

theyhelped,tellsit.

t4Iliketoworkonmyoldcar.It'smyhobby.Iwantedtoputanewtransmission(傳動(dòng)裝置)in

thecar.Iputthecaruponblocks(大塊木頭)becauseIwantedtogetunderit.Iwastryingtoget

theoldtransmissionoutwhensuddenlythecarmovedforwardandfellofftheblocks.ltcame

downonmychest.Icouldn'tbreathe.^^

“Itriedtoshoutfbrhelpforaboutfiveminutes,butIalmostcouldnotbreathe.Couldanyone

hearme?WasIgoingtodie?ThenallofasuddenIheardsomelittlechildrenfromthe

neighbourhood.Theywererunningtothecarandsaying,'Whathappened,sir?'"

“'Gethelp,please.Ican'tbreathe,51toldthem.Oneofthechildrenrantohishouseandtoldhis

momtocall911.Then,before1knewwhatwashappening,allofthechildrenwerearoundthe

car.Theyusedeverymuscle(肌肉)intheirbodiestolift(抬起)thecar,andIwasabletogetout

fromunderit.”

Lewisgotoutfromunderthecarwithjustafewcuts.Hedidn'tevenhavetogotothe

hospital."Thesechildrenaremyheroes,^hesays/idon^knowhowtheydidit,butIamlickytobe

alive.^^

RaymondBrown,fatheroftwoofthechildren,isveryproudofthem."Wetrytoteachthem

todotherightthing.Thisshowswe'redoingittherightway,Iguess,"hesays.

()14.Thecarfellofftheblocksbecause.

A.thechildrenpusheditB.itmovedforwardbyitself

C.GaryLewismovedtheblocksD.itwasdrivenbysomeone.

()15.GaryLewiscouldn^breathebecause.

A.therewasaheavycarontopofhimB.hewasrunningveryfast

C.hehadabadcoldD.hewasworkingtoohard

()16.Lewiswasabletogetoutfromunderthecarwhen.

A.thechildrenworkedtogethertoliftitupalittlebit

B.RaymondBrowncameandpulledhimout

C.hepushedthecarforward

D.thepolicecametohishelp

E

(常州2009中考)

DoyouknowmoreandmoreChineseartistshavemaderegulardonationstocharityorput

theireffortsintocharityworkinChina?Herelet'sknowsomeofthem.

FayeWongandherhusbandLiYapengstartedtheYanRanAngelFoundation(基金會(huì))forharelipped(兔唇

的)childrenthreeyearsago.Itwasnamedaftertheirdaughter.Itspurposeistohelpchildrenunder14tocure

theirharelips.Thecoupledonatedonemillionyuan(about$133,000)tostarttheorganization.

CongFeiwasborninapoorfamily.HebecameasuccessfulsingerinShenzhen.Hehelped178poorstudents

anddisabledpeopleformorethan10years.Beforehediedofanillnessattheageof37in2006,hedecidedto

donatehiscornea(角膜)topeoplewitheyediseases.Hehelpedsixpeopleseetheworld.

GuanMucunhasdonatedmoneytoProjectHopetohelppoorstudentsfinishprimaryeducation.Thirtyof

thesepoorstudentshavealreadyfinishedhighschoolwithhersupport.Guanhasalsohelpedwithcharityworkfor

environmentprotection,HIV/AIDSprevention,blooddonationand“MotherWater”.

Guanhadanunluckychildhood:hermotherdiedwhenshewasonlylO.yearsold.Withthehelpofthe

governmentandherneighbours,shegrewupandwassuccessfulasafamoussinger.

ActionstarJackieChanisawholeheartedsupporterofcharitiesincludingUNICEF,OperationSmileandhis

ownJackieChanCharitableFoundation.In2007,heusedmuchofhissparetimetovisitthefarthestpartsof

ChinaonhisDragon'sHeartCharityMissions.TheDragon'sHeartFoundationaimstomeettheneedsofpoor

childrenandtheelderlyinthehardest-to-reachareasofthecountry.Chanhasmadeseveraltripstothesepoor

villages,bringingwarmclothing,wheelchairsandschoolsupplies,andhelpingtobuildschools.

()17.WhocangethelpfromtheYanRanAngelFoundation?

A.Harelippedchildrenunder14.B.Alldisabledchildren.

C.Alldisabledchildrenunder14.D.Allharelippedchildren.

()18.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.FayeWongandLiYapengdon'tliketheirdaughter.

B.Morethan7people'seyeswerecuredthankstoCongFei'sCornea.

C.GuanMucunwasoncehelpedbythegovernmentandherneighbours.

D.JackieChandidn'thavechancetovisitthepeoplehehelped.

()19.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Chinesecharitywork.

B.CharityworkofsomeChineseartists.

C.SomefamousChineseartists.

D.OrganizationsstartedbyChineseartists.

F

（常州2009中考）

Spendingtwoorthreehoursplayingoutdoorseachdaycanreduceachild'schanceof

becomingshort-sighted,aresearchshows.Itchallenges（挑戰(zhàn)）thebeliefthatshort-sightednessis

causedbycomputeruse,watchingTVorreadinginweaklight.

TheAustraliangovernmentresearchersbelievethatsunlightisgoodforpeople'seyes.They

comparedthevision（視力）andhabitsof100seven-year-oldchildreninSingaporeandAustralia.

Inall,30%oftheSingaporeanchildrenwereshort-sighted—thisrate（比率）wastentimeshigher

thanAustralianchildren.

Bothgroupsspentasimilaramountoftimereading,watchingtelevisionandplaying

computergames.However,theAustralianchildrenspentanaverage（平均）oftwohoursaday

outdoors—90minutesmorethantheSingaporeanchildren.

Professor（教授）IanMorgan,fromtheAustralianResearchCouncifsVisionCentre,said,

“Humansarenaturallylong-sighted,butwhenpeoplebegintogotoschoolandspendlittleorno

timeoutdoors,thenumberofshort-sightedpeoplegetslarger.We'realsoseeingmoreandmore

short-sightedchildrenincitiesallaroundtheworld——andthemainreasonmaybethatcity

childrenspendlesstimeoutdoors.u

Daylightcanbehundredsoftimesbrighterthanindoorlight.Butwhydoesplayingoutside

preventusfrombecomingshort-sighted?Scientistsbelievethatnaturallighthasaspecial

chemical（化學(xué)物質(zhì)）whichstopstheeyeballfromgrowingoutofshapeandpreventspeople

becomingshort-sighted.

Sobeoutdoors.Itdoesn'tmatterifthattimeisspenthavingapicnicorplayingsports.

（）20.HowmuchtimedidtheSing