英語(yīnɡyǔ)句法〔一〕語法(yǔfǎ)系列第一頁，共20頁。1一.英語句子(jùzi)的根本成分有8種：

主語(subject)

謂語(wèiyǔ)(predicate)

賓語(object)定語(attribute)

狀語(adverbial)

補語(complement)表語(predicative)同位語(Appositive)第二頁，共20頁。2主語＋不及物動詞Shecame．/Myheadaches.主語＋及物動詞＋賓語ShelikesEnglish.主語＋系動詞＋主語補語Sheishappy．主語＋雙賓動詞＋間接(jiànjiē)賓語＋直接賓語ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主語＋賓補動詞＋賓語＋賓語補語Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.簡單句根本(gēnběn)句型實例第三頁，共20頁。3簡單句的根本(gēnběn)詞序主語 動詞局部 賓語(bīnyǔ) 狀語 〔謂語〕 方式 地點 時間I bought ahat yesterday.Thechildren ran home.Thetaxidrivershoutedatme angrily.We ate ourmeal insilence.Thecar stopped suddenly.Ayounggirlwalked confidentlyintheroom.Theydrovehimaway inapolicecar.第四頁，共20頁。4根本(gēnběn)句型實例1.SV(主語(zhǔyǔ)＋不及物動詞)Shecame.Myheadaches.Thebabyiscrying.第五頁，共20頁。5根本(gēnběn)句型實例2.SVC(主語(zhǔyǔ)＋系動詞＋表語)Sheishappy．Heisastudent.第六頁，共20頁。6根本句型(jùxínɡ)實例3.SVO(主語(zhǔyǔ)＋及物動詞＋賓語)ShelikesEnglish.Sheboughtaskirt.第七頁，共20頁。7根本(gēnběn)句型實例4.SVoO(主語(zhǔyǔ)＋動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語)ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.第八頁，共20頁。8根本(gēnběn)句型實例5.SVOC(主語(zhǔyǔ)＋動詞＋賓語＋賓語補語)Shemakeshermotherangry．Webelievedhimhonest.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.第九頁，共20頁。9根本(gēnběn)句型實例6.SVA(主語(zhǔyǔ)＋動詞＋狀語)TheyliveinLosAngeles.7.SVOA(主語(zhǔyǔ)+動詞+賓語+狀語)Heputthecoininhismouth.第十頁，共20頁。10附屬(fùshǔ)成份根本成份的修飾語，可以(kěyǐ)是：定語：即用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句狀語：即用來修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語或從句。第十一頁，共20頁。11

句子成分隨堂練習(liànxí)找出以下各句中所包含的句子成分第十二頁，共20頁。12LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.

Lastweek

I

went

tothesupermarket.

狀

主謂狀Theplaywasveryinteresting.

Theplay

was

very

interesting.

主系狀表Ican’thearaword.

I

can’thear

aword.主謂賓Theyweretalkingloudly.

They

weretalking

loudly.

主謂狀第十三頁，共20頁。13ItwasSunday.

It

was

Sunday.

主系表IgetupearlyonSundays.

I

getup

early

onSundays.

主謂狀狀I(lǐng)lookedattheyoungmanandtheyoungwomanangrily.

I

lookedat

theyoungmanandthe

主謂賓youngwoman

angrily.

賓狀第十四頁，共20頁。14Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’tunderstandaword.

I

read

afew

lines,but

I

didn’t

主謂定賓連主謂understand

aword.

謂賓Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidn’tsendcardstomyfriends.

Myholidays

passed

quickly,but

I

主謂狀連主didn’tsend

cards

tomyfriends.

謂賓狀第十五頁，共20頁。15Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.

I

gotup

early

and

bought

thirty

cards.

主謂狀連謂定賓HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.

He

isworking

forabigfirm

and

he

has

主謂狀連主謂already

visited

agreatnumberof

different

狀謂定定places

inAustralia.

賓定第十六頁，共20頁。16HehasjustboughtacarandhasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.

He

has

just

bought

acar

and

主謂狀謂賓連hasgone

toAliceSprings,asmalltown

謂

狀同位語inthecentreofAustralia.

定第十七頁，共20頁。17Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreetonceamonthandalwaysasksforamealandaglassofbeer.

He

callsat

everyhouse

inthestreet

主謂賓