2022年四川省攀枝花市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題一卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Inordertogiveimpetustofinalagreement,Mr.Lamyissupposedtomakepublicof______.

2.

Asoneoftheworld'sbestconductorsofelectricity,nanotubescancarryabout______thancopperwire:

3.

Whatwillhappentoyourmindifyouconfrontmanythingsforyourgoals?

A.Itwillbecomeoverwhelming.

B.Itwillinduceself-talk.

C.Itwillbetrappedbyworry.

D.Itwillfocusonthepresent.

4.

Aregressionisa______movementalongalineofprint.

5.

WhatdoFrenchwomenthinkoffriendshipbetweenwomen?

A.Theyagreethatwomencan'tbefriends.

B.Theythinkthatwomencanbefriendsbutwomen'sfriendshipsaredifferentfrommen's.

C.Someofthembelieveinfriendshipbetweenwomen.

D.Theybelievethatfriendshipsexistonlyinthesamesex.

6.

Themainmeasuretheforeignteachertakestogetpaidis______.

7.

WhatcanwelearnaboutthenewcarfactoryinWestBengal?

A.Itwillprovidecarsfortherich.

B.Mr.Tataisbusywiththisproject.

C.Industrialneedisthesolereasonofchoosingthefactoryaddress.

D.Governmentandfarmersreachanagreement.

8.

Whenourbiddingisdefeatedbyanotherbidder,eBaywillinform.usofthisby_______________.

9.Anunemployedpersoniseligibleforunemploymentcompensationontheconditionthat______.

A.heisinunemploymentformorethan26weeks

B.hislivingstandardisbelowthepovertyline

C.heislaidoffnotduetohisownfault

D.hedoesn'treceiveseverancepackage

10.

TheoldvaluesandattitudesimpartedintotheyoungChineseAmericanseffectivelyhelpprevent______.

11.

Whenyourequestcash,themoneymoveselectronicallyfromyouraccounttothehost'saccountto______.

12.SomeNotesonGender-NeutralLanguage

General

Thepracticeofassigningmasculinegendertoneutraltermscomesfromthefactthateverylanguagereflectstheprejudicesofthesocietyinwhichitevolved,andEnglishevolvedthroughmostofitshistoryinamale-centered,patriarchalsociety.Likeanyotherlanguage,however,Englishisalwayschanging.Oneonlyhastoreadaloudsentencesfromthe19thcenturyhooksassignedforthisclasstosensetheshiftsthathaveoccurredinthelast150years.Whenreaderspickupsomethingtoread,theyexpectdifferentconventionsdependingonthetimeinwhichthematerialwaswritten.Aswritersin1995,weneedtobenotonlyawareoftheconventionsthatourreadersmayexpect,butalsoconsciousoftheresponsesourwordsmayelicit.Inaddition,weneedtoknowhowtheshiftingnatureoflanguagecanmakecertainwordsawkwardormisleading.

"Man"

Manoncewasatrulygenericwordreferringtoallhumans,buthasgraduallynarrowedinmeaningtobecomeawordthatreferstoadultmalehumanbeings.Anglo-Saxonsusedthewordtorefertoallpeople.OneexampleofthisoccurswhenanAnglo-Saxonwriterreferstoaseventh-centuryEnglishprincessas"awonderfulman".ManparalleledtheLatinwordhomo,"amemberofthehumanspecies."notvir,"anadultmaleofthespecies."TheOldEnglishwordforadultmalewaswaepmanandtheoldEnglishwordforadultwomanwaswifman.Inthecourseoftime,wifmanevolvedintotheword"woman.""Man"eventuallyceasedtobeusedtorefertoindividualwomenandreplacedwaepmanasaspecifictermdistinguishinganadultmalefromanadultfemale.Butmancontinuedtobeusedingeneralizationsaboutbothsexes.

Bythe18thcentury,themodern,narrowsenseofmanwasfirmlyestablishedasthepredominantone.WhenEdmundBurke,writingoftheFrenchRevolution,usedmenintheold,inclusiveway,hetookpainstospellouthismeaning:"Suchadeplorablehavocismadeinthemindsofmen(bothsexes)inFrance..."ThomasJeffersondidnotmakethesamedistinctionindeclaringthat"allmenarecreatedequal"and"governmentsareinstitutedamongmen,derivingtheirjustpowersfromtheconsentofthegoverned."Inatimewhenwomen,havingnovote,couldneithergivenorwithholdconsent,Jeffersonhadtobeusingthewordmeninitsprincipalsenseof"males,"anditprobablyneveroccurredtohimthatanyonewouldthinkotherwise.Lookingatmoderndictionariesindicatethatthedefinitionthatlinks"man'withmalesisthepredominantone.Studiesofcollegestudentsandschoolchildrenindicatethatevenwhenthebroaddefinitionsof"msn"and"men"aretaught,theytendtoconjureupimagesofmalepeopleonly.Wewouldneverusethesentence"Agirlgrowsuptobeaman,"becauseweassumethenarrowerdefinitionofthewordman.

ThePronounProblem

ThefirstgrammarsofmodernEnglishwerewritteninthe16thand17thcenturies.TheyweremainlyintendedtohelpboysfromupperclassfamiliesprepareforthestudyofLatin,alanguagemostscholarsconsideredsuperiortoEnglish.ThemaleauthorsoftheseearliestEnglishgrammarswroteformalereadersinanagewhenfewwomenwereliterate.Themasculine-genderpronouns(代詞)didnotreflectabeliefthatmasculinepronounscouldrefertobothsexes.Thegrammarsofthisperiodcontainnoindicationthatmasculinepronounsweresex-inclusivewhenusedingeneralreferences.Insteadthesepronounsreflectedtherealityofmaleculturaldominanceandthemale-centeredworldviewthatresulted.

"He"startedtobeusedasagenericpronounbygrammarianswhoweretryingtochangealong-establishedtraditionofusing"they"asasingularpronoun.In1850anActofParliamentgaveofficialsanction(批準(zhǔn))totherecentlyinventedconceptofthe"generic"he.InthelanguageusedinactsofParliament,the

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

AccordingtoBoese,manypeoplebelievedthereportofSwissspaghettiharvestbecausetheBritishdidnotknow______.

14.

Workitselfisnotasingle,concept,weworkinordertomake______.

15.

Attheageof40sand50s,peopleshouldemphasizeavarietyofactivitiesfor______.

16.

Atthepointofyoursittingdown,therecruiter'sdecisiononyouis______made.

17.

Whenpeopletrytocombatstress,theirbrainneedsagoodrest,solisteningtomusicisabetterwaytocombatstress.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Stranglersaresocalledbecausethey______byblockingthesunlightandcompetingforthenutrients.

19.

SomeEuropeancountriesarerestrictingtheplantingandimportationofGMagriculturalproductsbecauseGMcropscouldposeuniqueriskstotheenvironmentandtohealth.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Theplantswouldbeinsectresistantasagenefromthesoilbacteriumcoulddirectcellstoproduce______thatistoxictocertaininsects.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(13)

A.Themanwasconfusedaboutthedateoftheappointment.

B.Themanwantstochangethedateoftheappointment.

C.Themanisgladhe'sgotintouchwiththedoctor.

D.Themancan'tcomefortheappointmentat4:15.

22.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：W:Youareburningthecandleatbothends.Youshouldtakeabreak.

M:ButIhaven'tsavedenoughformyretirement.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(12)

A.Themanshouldbreakthecandleintotwo.

B.Themanshouldn'tworktoohardforthehappinessoffuture.

C.Themanshouldretireearly.

D.Today'shappinessislessimportantthantomorrow's.

23.聽力原文：M:I'mterriblysorryI'mlate,butIjustcouldn'thelpit.IgothereassoonasIcould.

W:Well,it'snotsoonenough,isit?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(16)

A.It'ssoonenoughtogethere.

B.It'snotsoonenoughtogethere.

C.It'snotlatetogethere.

D.It'searlyenoughtogethere.

24.

【B6】

25.(34)

A.Wouldyouordernoworlater?

B.Doyouliketohaveyourteanoworlater?

C.Wouldyouliketosettlethebillnoworafteryoufinishyourmeal?

D.Doyouwantcoffeewithyourmealorafterit?

26.聽力原文：W:LookatSusanoverthere.She'stalkingnonstop.

M:Iknow.She'salwayspassingonthelatestrumorsaboutwho'snottalkingtowhomandwho'sboughtamostexpensivedress.

Q:WhatdoweknowaboutSusan?

(18)

A.Shehasboughtaveryexpensivedress.

B.Sheistalkingproudlyabouthernewdress.

C.Sheistalkativeaboutotherpeople'sbusiness.

D.Shedoesnottalktothewoman.

27.(35)

A.Becausethestoresthatacceptthecreditcardwillpromotetheirsales.

B.Becausesomepeoplemayintentionallypurchasegoodsthattheycannotpossiblyafford.

C.Becauseoverduepaymentsofshoppinggoodsmaybringdamagetoshopkeepers'profits.

D.Becausethestoresthatacceptthecreditcardincreasepricesforgoodsandservices.

28.

【B10】

29.(26)

A.Physicalexaminationsaregivenfreethere.

B.Hecangetaninfluenzavaccinationthere.

C.He'llbeabletogetaprescriptionformedicationthere.

D.He'llfindliteratureonnutritionthere.

30.(25)

A.Gunfightsandexplodingcars.

B.Depressingstories.

C.Intensecharacters.

D.Darkbackground.

31.(21)

A.Healmostforgetstohandinthetermpaper.

B.HealmostforgetstoaskthelocationofDr.Bailer'soffice.

C.Healmostforgetstoaskfortheinformationofacourseinnextsemester.

D.HealmostforgetstomakeanappointmentwithDr.Bauer.

32.聽力原文：W:MycousinBobisgettingmarriedinCalifornianextSundayandIcan'tdecidewhethertogoornot．

M:It'salongtripanditwilltakeyouaboutfourhourstogetthere，butIthinkyouwillhaveagoodtimeonsuchanoccasion.

Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?

(13)

A.Thewomanwillbehappytomeethercousin.

B.Thewomanshouldgototheweddingceremony.

C.Heplanstogotravellingwiththewoman.

D.HehasneverbeentoCaliforniaforit'sfaraway.

33.(15)

A.Heshouldn'thaveapologized.

B.Hewillfindabetterwayofapologizing.

C.Hecouldn'tfindarightwordtomakeanapology.

D.Hisfriendisaskingformorethanjustanapology.

34.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Shewenttothepartywithoutknowingit.

B.Shewasinvitedtotheparty.

C.Shewaspresentfortheparty.

D.Shewasabsentfromtheparty.

35.(43)

36.聽力原文：M:Martinseemsexcitedaboutbeingonthesoccerteam!

W:Yeah,Iwishhefeltthesameaboutbotanyandmath.

Q:WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutMartin?

(18)

A.Hefellduringthesoccergame.

B.Hedidnotstudyhard.

C.Helikesbotanymorethanmath.

D.Martinwisheshehadmoretimeforhisstudies.

37.(17)

A.Sendingthenextpackageearlier.

B.Waitingpatiently.

C.Usingairfreight.

D.Lookingforthepackage.

38.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

聽力原文：ItisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainthisoverwhelminglysignificantphaseinEuropeanhistory.Historyandnewsbecomeconfused,andone'simpressionstendtobeamixtureofskepticismandoptimism.Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed-andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.TheEuropethatisnowformingcannotbeanythingotherthanitspeoples,theirculturesandnationalidentities.WiththisinmindwecanbegintoanalyzetheEuropeantelevisionscene.InEurope,aselsewheremulti-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessfulgroupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.

Clearly,onlythebiggestandmostflexibletelevi-sioncompaniesareabletocompetecompletelyinsuchahotly-contestedmarket.ThisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurviveinafactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworksnolessthan50%tookalossin1989.Moreover,theintegrationoftheEuropeancommuni-tywillobligetelevisioncompaniestocooperatemorecloselyinbothproductionanddistribution.

Creatinga"Europeanidentity"thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldcontinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice-thatofproducingprogramsinEuropeforEurope.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket，whoseprogramsrelatetoexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.

ItisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainthisoverwhelminglysignificantphaseinEuropeanhistory.Historyandnewsbecome【B1】______,andone'simpressionstendtobeamixtureofskepticismand【B2】______.Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedand【B3】______-andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasinthe【B4】______eventsinEurope.TheEuropethatisnowformingcannotbeanythingotherthanitspeoples,theirculturesandnational【B5】______.Withthisinmindwecanbeginto【B6】______theEuropeantelevisionscene.InEurope,aselsewheremulti-mediagroupshavebeen【B7】______successfulgroupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkin【B8】______tooneanother.

Clearly,【B9】______.ThisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurviveinafactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworksnolessthan50%tookalossin1989.Moreover,【B10】______.

Creatinga"Europeanidentity"thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldcontinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice-thatofproducingprogramsinEuropeforEurope.【B11】______whicharedifferentfromourown.

【B1】

39.

【B7】

40.(31)

A.Itisasimportantasthatfrombooks.

B.Itislessimportantthanthatfrombooks.

C.Itismoreimportantthanthatfrombooks.

D.Itistoolimited.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Inordertoenabletheintelligentrobottodealwithanunexpectedsituation,thecomputersinitmustdothefollowingthingsexcept______.

A.havingalargeamountofinformation

B.makingchoicesabouthowtoact

C.studyingthesituationcarefully

D.findingtheinformationquickly

42.

Thenextparagraphinthispassagemightdiscuss______.

A.thepositiveeffectsofwearinguniforms

B.morenegativeeffectsofwearinguniforms

C.analternativetowearinguniforms

D.thelegalrightsofthosenotwishingtowearuniforms

43.

WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheInteriorDepartmentaccordingtothepassage?

A.Itisconcernedaboutglobalwarmingallthetime.

B.Itisefficientinprobingintothecauseofthemeltingice.

C.Itissuedtheproposaloutofgreatsenseofresponsibility.

D.Itissomehowinactiveinprescribingthesolutiontotheproblem.

44.

Bysaying"thinkingoutsidethebox",McCormickwantstoshowhis______towardstheresearchers.

45.

What'stheauthor'sattitude?

A.Subjective.B.Neutral.C.Pessimistic.D.Active.

46.AccordingtoDr.Chiu,whatmakesitpossibletotrackdownanypaperworkisto______.

A.makealltheimperfectionsofmachinesdeliberate

B.findouttheguiltycreatorofthecounterfeitdocument

C.allowmoreimperfectlydesignedprinterstobesold

D.markalltheprintersinaspecialandsecretway

47.

WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbelearnedfromthepassage?

A.TheWorldTradeCenterwasdevastatedbythe2001September11attacks.

B.ThenewWorldTradeCenterwillbebetterabletoprotecttheenvironmentandsaveenergy.

C.TheWorldTradeCentertoberestoredwillachieveLEEDstandard.

D.NewYorkwillbepraisedforrebuildingtheWorldTradeCenter.

48.

Accordingtothepassage,alinguistichierarchyofpoweris______.

A.aladderofsocialstatusdeterminedbyhismasteryofacertainlanguage

B.createdwiththenativespeakerofadominantlanguageonthetop

C.formedwiththenon-nativespeakerofadominantlanguageinthemiddle

D.alloftheabove

49.

Accordingtotheauthor,curiosityisprobablybestwhenitsconnectionwithotherinterestsis______onlybymeansofintelligence.

50.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

DuringthenextseveralweeksIwentcompletelytothewolves.Itookatinytentandsetitupontheshoreofhay.ThebigtelescopewassetupinthemouthofthetentinsuchawaythatIcouldobservethewolvesbydayornight.

QuitebyaccidentIhadpitchedmytentwithintenyardsofoneofthemajorpathsusedbythewolves.ShortlyafterIhadtakenupresidence,oneofthewolvescamebackanddiscoveredmeandmytent,buthedidnotstoporhesitateinhispace.Later,oneormorewolvesusedthetrackpastmytentandneverdidtheyshowtheslightestinterestinme.Ifeltuncomfortableatbeingsototallyignored.ThenextdayInoticedamalewolfmakeboundarymarkersbypassingwaterontheroundsofhisfamilylands.

OnceIhadbecomeawareofthestrongfeelingofpropertyrightswhichexistedamongthewolves,Idecidedtousethisknowledgetomakethematleastrecognizemyexistence.Oneevening,aftertheyhadgoneofffortheirregularnightlyhunt,Istakedoutapropertyclaimofmyown,includingalongsectionofthewolves'path.Inordertoensurethatmyclaimwouldnotbeoverlooked,Imadeapropertymarkonstones,dumpsofmoss,andpatchesofvegetationwithalotoftea.Beforethehunterscameback,taskwasdone,andIretired,somewhatexhausted,toobserveresults.Afewminuteslatertheleadingmaleappeared.Asusualhedidnotbothertoglanceatthetent,butwhenhereachedthepointwheremypropertylineintersectedthetrail,hestoppedasabruptlyasifhehadrunintoaninvisiblewall.

Cautiouslyheextendedhisnoseandsniffedatoneofmymarkedbushes.Afteraminuteofhesitationhehackedawayafewyardsandsatdown.Then,helookeddirectlyatthetentandatme.

HisglareseemedtobecomefiercerasIattemptedtostarehimdown.Thesituationwasbecomingintolerable.Tobreak.theimpasseIturnedmybackonthewolf.Thenbriskly,andwithanairofdecision,heturnedhisattentionawayfrommeandbeganasystematictourofthearea.

Ihadstakedoutasmyown.Ashecametoeachboundarymarkerhesniffeditonceortwice,thencarefullyplacedhismarkontheoutsideofmine.

Theauthorismostprobablya______.

A.hunterB.biologistC.journalistD.traveler

51.

Whosufferthebreathingproblemsmostaccordingtothelateststudy?

52.

【C9】

53.Ifpollutioncontinuestoincreaseatthepresentrate,formationofaerosols(浮質(zhì))intheatmospherewillcausetheonsetofaniceageinabout50years'time.Thisconclusion,reachedbyDr.S.I.RasoolandDr.S.H.Schneider,oftheUnitedStatesGoddardSpaceFlightCenter,answerstheapparentlyconflictingquestionofwhetheranincreaseinthecarbondioxidecontentoftheatmospherewillcausetheEarthtowarmuporincreasingtheaerosolcontentwillcauseittocooldown.TheAmericanshaveshownconclusivelythattheaerosolquestionisdominant.

Twospectershauntingconservationistshavebeentheprospectthatmeddlingwiththeenvironmentmightleadtotheplanet'sbecomingunbearablyhotorcold.Oneoftheseghostshasnowbeenlaid,becauseitseemsthatevenanincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospheretoeighttimesitspresentvaluewillproduceanincreaseintemperatureofonly2℃,whichwouldtakeplaceoverseveralthousandyears.Buttheotherproblemnowloomslargerthanever.

Aerosolsarecollectionsofsmallliquidorsolidparticlesdispersedinairorsomeothermedia.Theparticlesareallsotinythateachiscomposedofonlyafewhundredatoms.Becauseofthistheycanfloatintheairforaverylongtime.PerhapsthemostcommonlyexperiencedaerosolisindustrialsmogofthekindthatplaguedLondoninthe1950sandisanevengreaterprobleminLosAnglestoday.Thesecollectionsofaerosolsreflectthesun'sheatandtherebycausedtheEarthtocool.

Dr.RasoolandDr.SchneiderhavecalculatedtheexacteffectofadustaerosollayerjustabovetheEarth'ssurfaceonthetemperatureoftheplanet.Asthelayerbuildsup,thepresentdelicatebalancebetweentheamountofheatabsorbedfromthesunandtheamountradiatedfromtheEarthisdisturbed.Theaerosollayernotonlyreflectsmuchofthesun'slightbutalsotransmitstheinfraredradiationfrombelowalmostunimpeded.So,whiletheheatinputtothesurfacedrops,thelossofheatremainshighuntiltheplanetcoolstoanewbalancedstate.Within50years,ifnostepsaretakentocurbthespreadofaerosolsintheatmosphere,acoolingoftheEarthbyasmuchas3.5~Cseemsinevitable.Ifthatlastsforonlyafewyears,itwouldstartanothericeage,andbecausethegrowingicecapsateachpolewouldthemselvesreflectmuchofthesun'sradiation,itwouldprobablycontinuetodevelopeveniftheaerosollayerweredestroyed.TheonlybrightspotinthisgloomyforecastliesinthehopeexpressedbyDr.RascoolandDr.Schneiderthatnuclearpowermayreplacefossilfuelsintimetopreventtheaerosolcontentoftheatmospherefrombecomingcritical.

Whatisendangeringourplanetmoreurgentlyaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theamountofcarbondioxideincreasesintheatmosphere.

B.Thetemperatureincreasesduetotheliberationofcarbondioxide.

C.Theplanetisbecominghotbecauseofthecollectionofaerosols.

D.TheformationofaerosolscausestheEarthtocooldown.

54.Whydoestheauthorusethephrase"fornextNovember"(Line3,Para.1)?

A.AccordingtotheOldTestamentfreshwaterisavailableonlyinNovember.

B.RainfallcomesonlyinwinterstartingfromNovember.

C.RunningwatersystemswillnotbereadyuntilnextNovember.

D.ItisacustominthatregionthatirrigationtocropsisdoneonlyinNovember.

55.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Japanesefirmshaveachievedthehighestlevelsofmanufacturingefficiencyintheworldautomobileindustry.SomeobserversofJapanhaveassumedthatJapanesefirmsusethesamemanufacturingequipmentandtechniquesasUnitedStatesfirmsbuthavebenefitedfromtheuniquecharacteristicsofJapaneseemployeesandtheJapaneseculture.However,ifthisweretrue,thenonewouldexpectJapaneseautoplantsintheUnitedStatestoperform.nobetterthanfactoriesrunbyUnitedStatescompanies.Thisisnotthecase.Japanese-runautomobileplantslocatedintheUnitedStatesandstaffedbylocalworkershavedemonstratedhigherlevelsofproductivitywhencomparedwithfactoriesownedbyUnitedStatescompanies.

OtherobserverslinkhighJapaneseproductivitytohigherlevelsofcapitalinvestmentperworker.Butahistoricalperspectiveleadstoadifferentconclusion.WhenthetwotopJapaneseautomobilemakersmatchedandthendoubledUnitedStatesproductivitylevelsinthemid-sixties,capitalinvestmentperemployeewascomparabletothatofUnitedStatesfirms.Furthermore,bythelateseventies,theamountoffixedassetsrequiredtoproduceonevehiclewasroughlyequivalentinJapanandintheUnitedStates.SincecapitalinvestmentwasnothigherinJapan,ithadtobeotherfactorsthatledtohigherproductivity.

AmorefruitfulexplanationmayliewithJapaneseproductiontechniques.Japaneseautomobileproducersdidnotsimplyimplementconventionalprocessesmoreeffectively;theymadecriticalchangeinUnitedStatesprocedures.Forinstance,themass-productionphilosophyofUnitedStatesautomakersencouragedtheproductionofhugelotsofcarsinordertoutilizefullyexpensive,component-specificequipmentandtooccupyfullyworkerswhohavebeentrainedtoexecuteoneoperationefficiently.Japaneseautomakerschosetomakesmall-lotproductionfeasiblebyintroducingseveraldeparturesfromUnitedStatespractices,includingtheuseofflexibleequipmentthatcouldbealteredeasilytodoseveraldifferentproductiontasksandthetrainingofworkersinmultiplejobs.Automakerscouldscheduletheproductionofdifferentcomponentsormodelsonsinglemachines,therebyeliminatingtheneedtostorethesparestocksofextracomponentsthatresultwhenspecializedequipmentandworkersarekeptconstantlyactive.

Accordingtosomeobservers,theuniquecharacteristicsofJapaneseemployeesandtheJapanesecultureenhanced______oftheJapanesefirms.

56.

WelearnfromthepassageaboutKochIndustriesthat______.

A.itsignedcontractswithothersonlyontwoissues

B.itbelievesmarketscantotallyreplaceotherforecastingtechniques

C.itsbusinessincludesgoodstrading,pesticide,fertilizersandchemical

D.ithasappliedpredictionforlessthanayear

57.

【C8】

58.

Theriseinfoodpricesislargelyaresultof

59.

Accordingtotheauthor,howtodealwiththemedicalinsuranceduringunemployment?

A.Youhavetoaskforpaymentfromyourex-company.

B.YouhavetoaskforpaymentfromCOBR

C.Youhavetopaybyyourselfbetterthannothin

60.

UCSDcarriesoutavarietyofmeasurementsforgarbageandrecyclingincluding________.

A.organizingthestudentstohelpcollectionofdonatedobjects

B.preparingemptycollectioncontainerseveryday

C.providing