2022年四川省綿陽市大學英語6級大學英語六級測試卷(含答案)學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

OneoftheeducationalactivitiesinEastHarlemHealthyHeartProgramis______.

2.

One-ortwo-minuteexcerpts______,canbesenttofriendsbye-mailorinstantmessage.

3.

Toitsadvocates,constructivistmath______,buildscriticalthinkingandrescuesclassesfromnumbingrepetition.

4.

______asthe"covertdepression",ithasthreemajorsymptoms.

5.

Afteryouhavebeencyclingforafewmonths,theauthorthinksthatyouwillfindcyclingintownslessdangerous.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.Theelectrostaticprecipitatorhasgotridof______frommanufacturingprocesses.

A.severeemissions

B.ozone-layerdepletion

C.manypollutants

D.toxicsubstances

7.JudgingfromDukeUniversity'srecentstudy,evenstudentsrecruitedbytopcollegesseemtohave______before.

8.

WelearnfromthepassagethatconditionsfortheearlywhitestravelingtoAmericabyshipsweremuchbetterthan

9.

ComparedwiththenumberofAmericanpeoplewhohadtheirbloodcholesterollevelscheckedin1990was____________________thanthatofin1983.

10.

Criminalprofilesjustifythepolicescathesandarrestswithoutwarrants,apracticesupportedby______.

11.Whendohighheadpowerplantsusesurpluselectricitytotransferwatertoasecondreservoir?

A.Inthemorning.B.Atnoon.C.Intheafternoon.D.Atnight.

12.

Accordingtothepassage,tubewormsliveon______.

13.

Sofar,thereseemstobenosolutioninsightastohowthehydrogencanbestored.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Bobdidn'tunderstandwhytheEnglishbusinessmen______overlunch.

15.

Whenpeoplegossipaboutothers,theyusuallycomparethemselvestothegossipedones,andthinkthemselves______.

16.

TwoopposingcampshavedifferentideasabouthowtorespondtoIran'sdecisiontorestart______.

17.

Theschoolwhichblamesglobalizationthinks______.

A.tradeinfluencesmiddlingwagespositively

B.thelabormarketbecomesmoredense

C.technologydecreasesworkers'wagesatonce

D.thereasonofcapital'srewardsoutpacingthoseoflaborisuncertain

18.NewHopesforPreventingAIDS

Thesuccessofanti-retroviral(抑止腫瘤病毒)drugsintreatingHIVisgettingresearchersatthe16thInternationalAIDSconferenceexcitedattheprospectthatthepotent(效力大的)medicinesmightbeexploitedtoperform.doubleduty.WhynotusethepoweroftheseARVstopreventanHIVtransmissionorinfectionfromtakingholdinthefirstplace?BillandMelindaGatesaskedthatprovocativequestionontheopeningdayoftheconference,andarecommit-tingtheirconsiderablefinancialresourcestowardfindingananswer.Intheirremarks,theyhighlightedtheneedtodevelopmicrobicides(殺菌劑)andoralpreventiondrugswhilewewaitforavaccine.AndtheywillgettheirfirsthintathowsmarttheirdecisionwasthisThursday,whenscientistsfromWestAfricareporttheinitialresultsfromthefirsttrialstudyinganoralpreventiondrug.

SohowrealisticaretheGatesinexpectingevenmorefromtheARVs?"Idothinktherangeofpreventionoptionswehavewithinthenextdecadewillgreatlyexpand,"saysDr.HeleneGayle,PresidentofCareUSAandco-chairoftheconference."Thebiologicplausibility(似乎有理)forbothmicrobicidesandoralpreventiondrugsissogreat."Dr.MarkDybul,U.S.GlobalAIDSCoordinator,saidthatifamicrobicideorpreventiondrugbecomesavailabletoprotectpeoplefrominfections,theywouldbefundedunderthePresident'sEmergencyPlanforAIDSReliefifcountrieschosetousethem."Wewouldsupportallofthat;itwouldbeperfectlywithinourmandatetodoallthat,"hetoldTIME.

PreventingHIVistheonlywaytokeepthenumberofnewinfectionsthatoccureachyear—4million—fromgrowing.Andyetpreventionstrategies,alwaystheuglystepsistertotreatmentprograms,havenotreallytakenholdinthedevelopingnationswheretherateofinfectionishighest.Aneffectivevaccine,ofcourse,istheultimatepreventionweapon,butastheGates'pointedout,anHIVshotisstillalongwayoff.Inthemeantime,microbicidescouldbeone

waytoco-optARVsintothepreventionwar;thesearechemicalcompounds,usuallyintheform.ofagelorcream,thatwomencanusevaginallypriortointercoursetostopthetransmissionofHIV—it'sthesameideabehindspermicides(殺精子劑),whicharechemicalbarrierstospermenteringthevaginaandcausingpregnancy.It'sanelegantlysimpleapproach,madeevensimplerbythefactthatresearchersdidn'treallyhavetostartfromscratchtocomeupwithnewanti-HIVcompounds;theyalreadyhavethemintheARVs,whichnowinterruptthevirusfrominfectingcellsatvariouspointsinitslifecycle.

Thekeydifferenceisthatinamicrobicide,thedrugsarebeingusedinhealthypeopleratherthaninthoseinfectedwithHIV.WhenARVsareusedfortreatment,bothdoctorsandpatientsarewillingtotolerateahigherlevelofsideeffects—afterall,ifthechoiceisbetweendyingfromHIV-AIDSandsideeffects,mostpatientsoptforthelatter.Ifthedrugsaretobeusedtopreventinfection,however,everythingchanges;understandably,healthypeoplearen'taslikelytoacceptthesamelevelofsideeffectsandtoxicitiesasthosealreadyinfected.

That'swhyclinicaltrialsaresosignificant.Sofar,thereare30—40differentmicrobicidecandidatesbeingtestedinanimals,andfivetrialsinGhana,Nigeriaandotherdevelopingnationsatthemostadvancedstagesoftestinginwomen.Dr.GitaRamjee,oftheHIVPreventionResearchUnitinDurban,SouthAfrica,hasworkedwithallfive,andishopefulthattheywillproveeffectiveandmakeanimpactonthedisease.BecausetheselatestmicrobicidesarereformulatedARVs,however,theproblemofthevirusbecomingresistanttothemisapotentialdrawback.Dr.PeterPiot,ofUNAIDS,suggestsbasingmicrobicidesonlyonthedrugsdonotmakeitthroughthepharmaceuticalpipeline—manyarerejectedbecaus

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Researchersassumedthatself-drivingcarsmaybeathreatto______.

A.thetransportationindustry

B.oursafetyontheroad

C.vehicleproduction

D.ouremployment

20.NearlyeveryonehasrealizedthatMicrosoftbuyingHotmailhasillustratedtheparadoxofInternet.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(31)

A.Howmanyweeksthereareinamonth.

B.Whichdayspeopleshouldwork.

C.Howtheweekisdividedintodays.

D.Whichdaybeginstheweek.

22.(27)

A.Personwhoisaneffectiveleaderofaparticulargroupmaynotbeaneffectiveleaderinanothergroup.

B.Fewpeoplesucceedinsharingaleadershiprolewithanotherperson.

C.Apersoncanbestlearnhowtobeaneffectiveleaderbystudyingresearchonleadership.

D.Mostpeopledesiretobeleadersbutcanproducelittleevidenceoftheirqualifications.

23.(25)

A.Decaffeinatedcoffeemayhelppreventheartdisease.

B.Coffeedoesnotnecessarilycauseheartdisease.

C.Coffeehaslesscaffeinethansoda.

D.Caffeinecanbeusedasheadacheremedy.

24.

【B4】

25.(36)

A.Shecommunicatedherideasveryeffectively.

B.Shemadeexcellentpoliticalachievements.

C.Shehadahusbandseverelyinjuredinanincident.

D.Shehaddifferentpoliticalopinions.

26.(26)

A.Writetheirlabreport.

B.FindoutProfessorSmith'sschedule.

C.Interviewsomehighschoolstudents.

D.Finishtheirchemistryexperiment.

27.(21)

A.He'llplayforthematchinhonourofhim.

B.He'lltakehiswifeandhischildrenoutfordinner.

C.He'llcelebrateitwithhisfriends.

D.He'llwintheLeagueCupthatdayforcelebration.

28.聽力原文：Inthiscentury,photographshavebeenreallyimportantforteachingarthistory.IwillshowwhatImeaninamomentwithsomephotographstakenbyPeterandPaulJulie.TheworkofthesetwophotographershasbeenaveryusefulsourceforstudyingtheartproducedintheUnitedStatesfrom1896tothepresent.PeterandPaulJuliewerenotartists,buttheywerearegularpartofNewYorkartscene.Theytookoverahundredthousandphotographswhichdocumentthelifeandworkofthousandsofartists.PeterJulieisknownaspioneerinthisfieldofartphotography.GeorgeOrkieveandotherfamousartistssoughthimouttotakepicturesoftheirwork.Hisspecialtywasphotographingpainting.HissonPaulphotographssculptures.Someoftheirmostimportantphotosaretheonesofworksofartthathavesincebeendestroyed.Oneexampleisaphotothatwe'lllookattoday.Wouldsomeonegetthelightplease?Thanks.ThisslideisfromaphotographofpaintingbyEdvordHarborcalledComBeltCity.Thepaintingwasexhibitedonlytwoorthreetimesbeforeitwasdestroyedinthefire.WithouttheJuliesphotograph,novisualrecordoftheworkwouldexist.AlthoughtheJuliesmostlyphotographedtheworksofpaintersandseulptors,theyalsooccasionallyphotographedarchitecturalsubjects.TheydidquiteafewphotosofthebuildingsbyJohnMuisopope.Andwe'regoingtolookatoneofthosenext.

(33)

A.Apainterandasculptor.

B.Paintingsinspiredbyphotographs.

C.Earlyphotographictechniques.

D.Theworkoftwophotographers.

29.(24)

A.ShewenttoSafariPark.

B.ShewenttoOxford.

C.Shewatchedthesunrise.

D.ShewenttoStonehenge.

30.聽力原文：WhentheWestinghouseScienceTalentSearchTeamnameditstopachieversin1983,thegrandprizewenttoPaulNing,then16.

PaulNingisnotanative-bornAmerican.HeisthesonofaprofessorfromthePeople'sRepublicofChina.NingcametotheUnitedStatesattheageofthree.By11,hewasconstructingasimplewindtunneltostudytherelationshipbetweenspeedandpressure.NowbeingasenioratthesuperbBronxHighSchoolofScienceinNewYorkCity,Ningfeels:"Youhavetobeaggressiveinyourstudiestoreallyunderstandwhatyou'redoing."Hismotheradds:"Healwaystriestoprovetousandtohimselfthatheisthebest."

Outof40Westinghousefinalists,nine,includingNing,wereborninAsiaandthreeotherswereofAsiandescent.Thisstoryhasremindedusofthefactthatsome10%ofHarvardUniversity'sfreshmanclassisAsian-American.Whilenomorethan15%ofCaliforniahighschoolgraduatesareeligibleforadmissiontotheUniversityofCaliforniasystem,about40%ofAsian-Americanqualify.

MosteducatorsbelievethatAsianscholasticachievementhasmuchtodowithbreedingandnurture.ManyAsian-Americanchildrenhavealsowell-educatedparentswhoarealwaysontheschool'sside.Inaddition,mostAsiansregardeducationasthebestwaytorecognitionandsuccessthroughwhichtheypaytheindefinitedebttoparents.Also,thisisawayofshowingfilialduty.Asaresult,itisnowonderthatAsian-Americanchildrenusuallydoafarbetterjobthantheirclassmates.

(30)

A.NewYorkCity.

B.SomewhereintheUnitedStates

C.SomewhereotherthantheUnitedStates.

D.SomewhereotherthanAsia.

31.聽力原文：M:IwassorrytohearaboutBill'sbeingfired.Iknowhewassickalotandthatheusuallygottoworklate.

W:Oh,itwasn'tthat.Billmadeabigerrorinlastmonth'saccounting.Eventhoughitwasn'treallyhisfault,hisbusswasveryangry.

Q:WhydidBilllosehisjob?

(15)

A.Hegotangrywithhisboss.

B.Hewasfrequentlysickandabsentfromwork.

C.Hepreparedafinancialreportincorrectly.

D.Healwaysgottoworklate.

32.(32)

A.Agricultureintheindustrializedworld

B.Cultivatedcrops.

C.Theassociationbetweenrosesandhumans.

D.Thediscoveriesofcertaingrasses.

33.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Ourfriend,Nick,whoseEnglishgetsbetterandbetter,declaredsolemnlytheotherdaythathethoughtthattheBritishclimatewaswonderful,buttheBritishweatherwasterrible.HewentontoexplainbypointingoutthattheBritishclimatewasatemperateone."Thismeant,"hesaid,"thatyoucouldalwaysbecertainthattheweatherwouldneverbeextreme,atanyratenotforanylengthoftime,neververyhotandneververycold."HequiterightlypointedoutthattherainfallinBritain,accordingtothestatistics,wasnotveryheavy."Whythen,"heasked,"hastheBritishclimatesuchabadreputation?"Heansweredbysayingitwasbecauseoftheextraordinary,unreliableweather.Therewasnopartoftheyearatwhichyoucouldbecertainthattheweatherwouldbedryorwet,clearordull,hotorcold.AbaddayinJulycouldbeascoldasamilddayinJanuary.Indeedyoucouldfeelcoldatalmostanytimeoftheyear.NickblameddraftyBritishhousesforthis,butagreedyoucouldalsoblamethesmallamountofsunshineandagreatamountofdampness.HeadvisedeverystudentcomingtoBritaintobringanumbrellaandtounderstandthemeaningofthatsplendidword"drizzle".

(27)

A.AnEnglishprofessor.

B.Aforeignstudent.

C.AnEnglishstudent.

D.AnEnglishweatherman.

34.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：BuildingteamspiritisalwaysthefocalpointofwhatItrytodoasamanager.Theteamspirit'sveryimportant,butIdon'tbelieveintryingtomotivatetheteamasateam.Itrytomotivatethemasindividuals.SoIdon'tgivethemtalks.Ispeaktotheplayersindividually.AndItrynottoputtoomuchpressureonthem.Ibelieveplayersperform.bestwhentheyarerelaxed.Ifthey'retootense,Icanguaranteetheywon'tplaywell.

Ialsobelieveingivingpeopleautonomy.Ilikeallthepeoplewhoworkformetobeautonomous.Iveryrarelyinterfere.Ifeelpeopleshouldbejudgedontheirresults.Iftheyproveincompetent,thenI'mincompetentifIkeeponemployingthem.

It'slikethatwiththeteam.Igetcriticizedfornotinterferingduringagameandmakingmoresubstitutions.ButIfeelifI'vechosenthoseelevenplayerstogetaresult,thenIshouldleavethemalonetogetonwithit.

IfI'mdroppingaplayerfromtheteam,Idon'tfeelIhavetoexplainittothem.Iftheywanttodiscussit,I'llsay"Comebackandtalkaboutitinacoupleofdays'time".ButIdon'ttrytore-motivatethem.It'suptothemtohavethecharactertofightback.I'magreatbelieverthatalmosteverythingyouachieveinlifeisdowntoyourattitude.IfIhaveaplayerwhoismagnificentlygiftedbuthasastinkingattitude,Iwon'twastemytimeonhim.

(27)

A.Becausehebelievesinmotivatinghisteamasindividuals.

B.Becausehewantstokeephisteamunderpressure.

C.Becausehefeelsitawkwardtogivethemtalks.

D.Becausehethinkshisteamshouldhavethecharactertofightback.

35.(15)

A.Heisintheschoolcanteen.

B.Heisintheparty.

C.HeiswithCarl.

D.Heisnowheretobefound.

36.

【B11】

37.(35)

A.Fewareacceptedbystate-foundeduniversities.

B.Scholarshipsarenotenoughforthem.

C.Theymustpaymorethanout-of-statestudents.

D.Theyarenoteligibleforscholarshipsatstateuniversities.

38.聽力原文：AnewreportsaysthecostofstudiesatpubliccollegesintheUnitedStatesincreasedfourteenpercentthisyear.Thisisthebiggestincreaseintuitioninthirtyyears.Butthestudyalsofoundthattheaveragestudentpaysalotlessthanthepublishedcostsofacollegeeducation,becauseofgrants.AnditpointsoutthatAmericanstudentsreceivedarecordamountoffinancialaidlastyear.

Studentsdonothavetorepaygrants,heform.ofloans.AbouthalfofAmericancollegestudentsreceivegrants.Thismeansthateducationcostsdifferfromstudenttostudent.

ThereportisfromtheCollegeBoard.Thisisanon-profitmembershipgroupofschoolsandothereducationalorganizations.Oneofitsbest-knownjobsistoadministercollegeentrancetests.

TheCollegeBoardsaystuitionattwo-yearpubliccollegesroseatthesamerateasfour-yearschools.

TheCollegeBoardsaystheincreasesweremainlycausedbycutsinstatespendingoneducation.Butacongressmansayscollegeshaveincreasedtheirpricesinbothgoodandbadeconomictimes.JohnBoehnerofOhioischairmanoftheHouseCommitteeonEducationandtheWorkforce.Hesayscollegesdonotwenttotalkabouttheirdecisionstospendmoneytobuildthingslikerock-climbingwalls.

TheCollegeBoardcollectedinformationfromfour-thousandcollegesanduniversities.Itsaystheaveragetotalchargeforstudentswholiveatapubliccollegeintheirstateisten-thousand-six-hundreddollars.Whiletuitionrosefourteenpercentthisyear,housingandothercostsincreasedatalowerrate.

Ataprivatecollege,totalchargesarealmosttwenty-seven-thousanddollars.Thatisanincreaseofaboutsixpercentoverlastyear.

(33)

A.Itisakindofcoststhestudentsshouldpayforstudies.

B.Itisaform.offinancialaidthestudentsdon'thavetopayback.

C.Itisthemoneythatthestudentsgetfromthecolleges.

D.Itisakindofloansthestudentsshouldrepaywhentheyhavejobs.

39.(29)

A.EverythingatStateUniversityhaschangedinthepasttenyears.

B.Althoughthecampuslooksthesame,somethingshavechangedatStateUniversity.

C.Inspiteofthechangesonthecampus,thecommitmentsatStateUniversityarethesame.

D.EverythinghasstayedthesameatStateUniversityduringthepasttenyears.

40.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:Icanhardlybreathe.Wouldyoupleaseputyourcigaretteout?

W:I'msorrythatI'mbotheringyou,butthisisthesmokingsection.Whydon'tyouaskthestewardesstochangeyourseat?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanshoulddo?

(12)

A.Askthestewardessforchange.

B.Movetoanotherpartoftheplane.

C.Sitwherethereisabreeze.

D.Extinguishhiscigarette.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.Theauthor'spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat______.

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessness

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytimedoesnotsufferseverehardship

42.

Fromtheverymomentwhenmenapplyforheirfirstjob,theyaretestedconstantlyby______.

43.

ReykjavikinIcelandicmeans"bayofsmoke",canyouguessthemeaningof"smoke"?

44.Itisclearthathumanhistorywillend;theonlymysteryiswhen.Itisalsoclearthatifthetimingislefttonature(or,ifyouprefer,toGod)andhumanshangonuntilthebloodyend,therace'sfinalexitwillbeignoble(不光彩的).Iffuturegenerationsescapethesaurian(蜥蜴類)agonyofextinctionbyawanderingchunkofrockorice,thesun'sunavoidablegrowthtogianthoodwillstillburntheirlastsuccessorstoashes:onlycindersandgasesanddustwillremain.

Farfuturegenerationsmightprolongtheprocessbypostingcoloniesbeyondtheearth'sorbit,butthesewouldbesadoutpostsattheendofthesolarsystem'slongday,clutchingmemoriesofalostplanetandofbillionsofsacrificedsouls.Thedifficulties—fantasticdifficulties—ofinterstellar(星性際的)travelmightbeovercome,butthemightiestofstarshipscoulddonomorethandefertheendoftheworld.Anignobleexistencehoppingfromplanettoplanet—clingingtoeachcloduntilit,initsturn,wasvaporizedorfrozen—mightstillbebearablewereitnotfortheknowledgeofitsfinaluselessness.Intheend,thereisonlydeathbygravityorentropy,thefieryquantum(量子)pitortheheatlessgreysoup.

ThegreatviolinistJaschaHeifetzwasgreatnotleastbecausehequittheconcertstageathispeak,beforetheshowbecamestaleortheaudiencedriftedaway.Toexitgracefullyissublime(美妙的),asHeifetzunderstood.Andonlyonespeciesiscapableofchoosingasimilarlygracefulexit;allothersmarchonlikerobots.Tocalltimeonthehumanracebychoice,notnecessity,wouldbethefinalvictoryofthehumanspiritoveranimalnature,anabsoluteemancipationfromthecommandofDNA.Preciselybecausenootherknownlife-form.coulddoorevenconceivesuchathing,humanitymust.

Sciencehasrevealedonlyoneplaceintheuniversethatishospitabletointelligentlife,andhumansaretheonlyintelligencethat,asfarasisknown,haseverenjoyedtheopportunitytooccupyit.Ifpeopleleftthestageafterareasonablerun,inthefullnessoftimeintelligencecouldevolveagain(dolphin-people?Chimp--people?orchid(蘭花)—people?).Andthen,induecourse,whenthisnewspeciesdeciphered(譯解)humanbooksorreachedthemarkerthatmightbeleftforthemonthewindlessmoon,theywouldknowthatmanendedhisdominionsothattheirsmightbegin.Imagine,then,howtheywillregardus.Itis,farandaway,thegreatestactofgoodnessevercontemplated,theennoblementofawholespecies;anact,almost,ofangels.

Accordingtothepassage,whatmightbehumanbeing'sbestchoiceforthefinalexit?

A.Leavingthetimingtonature.

B.Thesaurian-likeelimination.

C.Beingburnedbythesun'sheat.

D.Anexitdrivenbyman'srationality.

45.

Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat______.

A.bullsandbearsarenowworkingforpeople

B.peoplekeepbearsandbullsastheirpets

C.lawshaveputstockmarketsundercontrol

D.peoplecanenjoytheirfriendshipwithbearsandbulls

46.

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatSocialSecurityprivatizationwill______.

A.providehighreturnsforthenewgovernments

B.bestronglyopposedbyWallStreet

C.bringthefutureretireesmorebenefits

D.allowindividualstoinvestinpersonalaccounts

47.

WhatdidRooseveltsayinhisspeechinChicago?

48.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Scientistssaytheyhavehighhopesforadrugthatcouldonedayprovideanewform.oftreatmentforH1V-AIDS.Acompound,whichinterfereswithanelusiveproteinusedbytheHIVvirustoinfecthumancells,hasworkedextremelywellinmonkeys,Ifthe.drugproveseffectiveinhumantrials,scientistssay,itcouldbolster(加強)theeffectivenessoftwoexistingAIDSdrugs,particularlyinfightingdrug-resistantstrainsofthevirus.

Researchersatthepharmaceutical(制藥的)companyMerckareveryexcitedaboutanexperimentaldrug,whichhasworkedaswellinmonkeysinfectedwithaprimateversionofthevirusasanyoftheexistinganti-AIDSdrugs.

Itworksbyblockingoneofthreeproteins,orenzymes,theHIVvirususestogainentranceintoandinfecthumanimmunesystemcells.

Inhibitordrugshavebeendevelopedtoblocktwooftheproteins,toslowprogressionofthediseaseafterinfection.Theyhavebecomestandardtherapyasa"cocktail"forpeopleinfectedwithHIV.

Thoseenzymeserereversetranscriptase(轉(zhuǎn)錄酶)andprotease(蛋白酶).Thefirstconvertsthevirus'geneticmaterialintothatofitshostcells.Thesecondchopsuptheresultinglargerproteinsintosmallerpieces,producingsmallerviralparticlesthatinfectnewcells.

Thethirdprongofcellularattackisaproteincalledintegrase(整合酶),whichexpertssayhasbeenhardertoblock.OnceHIVfoolshostcellsbychangingitsgeneticinformationsoitcanenterthem,integraseactslikeacutandpasteoperationinawordprocessor,deletinganimmunecell'sgeneticmaterialandreplacingitwithitsown.

AnintegraseinhibitorwouldgivedoctorsathirdlineofattackagainstHIVinfection,accordingtovirologistDariaHazudaofthedivisionofVirusandCellBiologyatMerck.

"Thiswouldofferathirdclassofanti-retroviralmedicationsthatcanbecombinedwithreversetranscriptaseinhibitorsandproteaseinhibitors.Andsinceitisanewmechanismofaction,thesecompoundsareactiveagainstmulti-drugresistantvariants.SovariantsthatareresistanttoallcurrenttherapieshavebeenselectedinHIV-patients,"shesaid.

Currentanti-AIDSdrugseventuallybecomeresistanttotherapy,orstopworking,becausetheviruschangesitsshape.

Whileresearchersareencouragedbythesuccesswiththecompound'seffectivenessinmonkeytrials,developingadrugthatisequallyeffectiveinhumanscanbedifficult.

StevenYoungisexecutivedirectoroftheDepartmentofMedicinalChemistryatMerck.Hesays,ifscientistsfindacompoundthatisequallyeffectiveinpeople,thecompanywouldaskU.S.regulatorstospeedapprovalofthedrug.

"Yeah,Ireallythinkthat'swhatwe'rehopingfor,"hesaid."Imean,weneedtogetdatathatshowithasrobustanti-viraleffectsinpeople.Andifwe'reabletogetthatdata,Ithinkwewouldpetitionforfasttrackstatus."

Dr.Youngsaysanintegraseinhibitorhasthepotentialtopreventdrugresistance.

"Toensureourbestchancesofpreventingresistance,wewouldgivethisaspartofacocktailtherapy,"headded."AndIthinkit'sreallyourplanthatwewouldtestthiswithreversetranscriptaseinhibitorsandproteaseinhibitors,aswell."

Ifthedrugproveseffectiveinhumantrials,itcouldenhancetheeffectivenessofexistingAIDSdrugsin______.

49.

Accordingtotheauthor,howwouldscientistscommentonmanyofthethingstheyconsiderimportantand

50.

ToknowinglyallowoneselftopursueunhealthyhabitsiscomparedbyFriesandCrapoto______.

51.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisalwaystrueaccordingtothesurveysmentionedinthepassage?

A.Consumerswillpostponebuyingthingsiftheythinkpriceswilldecrease.

B.Consumerstendtospendtheirmoneyquickiftheythinkthepricewillincrease.

C.Thepricesituationhasaninfluenceonconsumers'behavior.

D.Traditionalassumptionsaboutearnin